<p>Today's <strong>Image of the Day</strong> from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NASA Earth Observatory</a> features an astronaut view of the Aladaghlar Mountains in northwestern Iran. These mountains are known for their strikingly colorful landscapes, which make them stand out among other mountain ranges.</p>



<p>"Ridges cast shadows in the valleys and other low elevation areas, creating a three-dimensional appearance. Human alterations to the landscape are most evident in riverbeds, where the even topography is easier to build on and navigate," said NASA.</p>



<p>"Natural processes over millions of years have folded rock layers of various compositions and colors into the curved patterns seen here. These folds are produced by tectonic forces operating along the convergent plate boundary of the Arabia and Eurasia plates. The convergence of these tectonic plates causes uplift, folding, and deformation of the colorful rock layers, and subsequent erosion exposes them."</p>



<p>One of the most remarkable features of the Aladaghlar Mountains is the vivid coloration of their slopes. The name "Aladaghlar" translates to "Colorful Mountains," which is a testament to their unique appearance. </p>



<p>The Aladaghlar Mountains are part of a larger ecosystem that includes forests, meadows, and rivers, contributing to a rich biodiversity. The region supports a variety of wildlife, including several species that are unique to the area. The diverse wildlife add to the natural beauty and ecological importance of these <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-and-why-do-mountains-form-new-theories-for-an-age-old-mystery/">mountains</a>.</p>



<p>In addition to their natural appeal, the Aladaghlar Mountains hold cultural significance. The region has a rich history, with evidence of ancient civilizations and historical sites. Local communities have their unique cultures and traditions, which have been influenced by the natural environment of the mountains.</p>



<p>Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory&nbsp;</p>



<p>Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.</p>



<p><em>—--</em></p>



<p>Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/eric-ralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and <a href="https://www.earth.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Earth.com</a>.</p>

The Aladaghlar Mountains of northwestern Iran

Today's Image of the Day from NASA Earth Observatory features...

<p>Today's <strong>Image of the Day</strong> from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NASA Earth Observatory</a> features a large sediment plume from the Yangtze River that extends hundreds of kilometers off the coast of China.</p>



<p>"Brown, sediment-laden water is visible along this shallow, turbid stretch of coast year-round, but a vast plume like the one visible here is a characteristic feature of winter. Scientists have proposed several causes of this seasonal phenomenon," said NASA.</p>



<p>"The ebb and flow of tides contain enough energy to stir up sediments from the seafloor, a 2017 study found. While there are also tides in the summer, the models used in the study showed that sediment only rises to the surface in the winter. That’s when temperatures and salinities at the sea surface and bottom are similar, allowing for vertical mixing to occur and for sediment to churn higher into the water column."</p>



<p>Additional studies have suggested that the summer monsoon’s influence on currents impedes the eastward flow of sediment out of the estuaries, noted NASA.</p>



<p>"Despite what looks like a glut of suspended sediment in the water, the overall amount of it flowing from the Yangtze River has declined steadily over the past several decades. The construction of dams, including the Three Gorges Dam, has been the primary driver of this trend."</p>



<p>It is important for scientists to track the movement of suspended sediment. This material can cause direct harm to marine life, as well as indirect harm by blocking sunlight.</p>



<p>The Yangtze River, also known as the Chang Jiang in Chinese, is the longest river in Asia and the third-longest in the world, following the Nile and the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/amazon-river-dolphins-are-at-great-risk-of-extinction-due-to-human-activities/">Amazon</a>. It flows for over 6,300 kilometers (about 3,917 miles) from the glaciers of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in western China to the East China Sea at Shanghai.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The Yangtze River basin is a key region for China's agriculture, industry, and hydroelectric power production. The river's waters are used for irrigation, navigation, and as a source of freshwater. The basin is home to diverse wildlife, including the critically endangered Yangtze river dolphin or Baiji, which may now be extinct.</p>



<p>The image was captured on February 12, 2024 by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite sensor on the NOAA-20 satellite.</p>



<p>Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory</p>



<p>-----</p>



<p>Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.</p>



<p>Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/eric-ralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.</p>



<p>-----</p>

Sediment flows offshore from the Yangtze River 

<p>Today's <strong>Image of the Day</strong> from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NASA Earth Observatory</a> features the Ruki River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It is a tributary of the Congo River, one of the largest <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/warmer-rivers-keep-antimicrobial-resistant-genes-at-bay/">rivers</a> in the world by discharge and depth. </p>



<p>The Ruki River, previously known as the Busira, merges with the Momboyo River near the town of Basankusu to become the Lulonga River, which eventually flows into the Congo River at the town of Lisala.</p>



<p>"If the appearance of the muddy Amazon River evokes a coffee cut with cream, the Ruki River, coursing gently through the Congo Basin, is like a dark tea," said NASA.</p>



<p>"On its slow path through mostly untouched lowland rainforest in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the water leaches organic material from vegetation, prompting some researchers to think it is one of the darkest blackwater rivers on Earth. The dissolved material in this distinctive water, scientists are finding, offers clues into the carbon cycle of tropical forests."</p>



<p>In a recent study, researchers measured the chemical composition and flow of the Ruki for the first time.&nbsp;</p>



<p>"The study reported that, as the water color suggests, the Ruki is rich in dissolved organic carbon compounds. It contains four times as much organic carbon as the Congo River and 1.5 times as much as the Rio Negro, the world’s largest blackwater river and a major tributary of the Amazon," said NASA.</p>



<p>Due to this heavy carbon load, the researchers concluded that “tropical forests like those around the Ruki might not accumulate quite as much carbon as we once thought.”</p>



<p>The region around the Ruki River is rich in biodiversity, hosting various species of flora and fauna. It is part of the Congo Basin, the second-largest tropical rainforest area in the world, which is a critical habitat for endangered species and a significant carbon sink.</p>



<p>The river is vital for the livelihoods of local communities. Fishing is a crucial activity, with many people depending on it for sustenance and income. The river also supports agriculture along its banks, where communities grow crops.</p>



<p>In many parts of the DRC, rivers like the Ruki are crucial transportation corridors due to the challenging and often nonexistent road infrastructure. The river enables the movement of people and goods, facilitating trade and access to markets, health care, and education.</p>



<p>The region faces several challenges, including deforestation, overfishing, and environmental degradation, which threaten its ecological balance and the livelihoods of people who depend on it. Efforts to manage and conserve the river's resources are vital for sustainable development.</p>



<p>Understanding and protecting the Ruki River and its surroundings are crucial for the DRC's environmental sustainability, economic development, and the well-being of its communities.</p>



<p>The image was captured by the OLI (Operational Land Imager) on Landsat 8.</p>



<p>Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory&nbsp;</p>



<p>-----</p>



<p>Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.</p>



<p>Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/eric-ralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.</p>



<p>-----</p>

The Ruki River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

<p>Today's <strong>Image of the Day</strong> from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> features dust streaming from Lago Colhué Huapi, a shallow endorheic lake located in the Chubut Province in southern Argentina.</p>



<p>"Strong northwesterly winds often race down the eastern side of the Andes Mountains and whip across the central Patagonian Desert. In the process, they sometimes lift dust from Argentina’s drying Lago Colhué Huapi, fueling intense dust storms," said NASA.</p>



<p>"Lago Colhué Huapi is a particularly rich source of dust because the shallow lake regularly grows and shrinks with variations in the flow of the Senguer River and the pace of evaporation. When lake water levels are low, as they were when MODIS captured this image, fine-grained, lightweight particles are easily transported by the wind."</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-dust-activity-from-lago-colhue-huapi">Dust activity from Lago Colhué Huapi</h2>



<p><a href="https://www.earth.com/news/dust-storms-in-the-gulf-of-alaska-help-shape-the-global-climate/">Dust storms</a> in this region are most common during the summer months from December to March. There are 15 to 30 dust storms in a typical year.&nbsp;</p>



<p>"Dust storms are frequent and persistent enough in this area that they have exposed an open-air archaeological site along the lake’s edge," said NASA.</p>



<p>"The Puesto Roberts 1 site, located in an old floodplain on the southeast side of Lago Colhué Huapi, was first identified in 2019 when archaeologists noticed that winds had exposed a five-centimeter layer of sandy loam soil littered with stone tools and the bones of a wild species of llama called guanaco."</p>



<p>"Archaeologists identified 427 artifacts at the site - including stone cutting blades, milling tools, scrapers, and egg-shaped bola stones used for hunting - spread across 15 square meters, according to a 2022 study led by Heidi Hammond, an archaeologist at the National University of the Patagonia San Juan Bosco."</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-more-about-lago-colhue-huapi">More about Lago Colhué Huapi</h2>



<p>This lake is an interesting geographical feature primarily because it acts as a seasonal sink for the Senguerr River, which in turn gathers waters from various smaller streams in the region. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-size">Size</h3>



<p>Due to its shallow nature, the size of Lago Colhué Huapi can vary significantly with the seasons and the amount of water it receives from its sources. During times of drought or reduced rainfall, the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/climate-change-is-pushing-lakes-to-their-boiling-point/">lake</a> can shrink considerably, affecting the local ecosystem and the wildlife that depends on it.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-climate">Climate</h3>



<p>The lake's surroundings are characterized by a semi-arid climate, which influences the type of vegetation and animal life that can thrive in the area. Despite the harsh conditions, the region around Lago Colhué Huapi supports a variety of bird species, making it a site of interest for birdwatchers and naturalists.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-environmental-challenges">Environmental challenges </h3>



<p>In recent years, Lago Colhué Huapi has faced environmental challenges, including the impact of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/alarming-study-most-of-the-worlds-largest-lakes-are-quickly-losing-water/">climate change</a>, which has led to lower water levels and increased salinity. These changes pose threats to the lake's ecological balance and the species that inhabit its waters and shores. The situation at Lago Colhué Huapi serves as a reminder of the broader environmental issues facing water bodies in arid and semi-arid regions around the world.</p>



<p>The image was captured on March 29, 2024 by the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) on NASA’s Aqua satellite.</p>



<p>Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory</p>



<p>-----</p>



<p>Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.</p>



<p>Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/eric-ralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.</p>



<p>-----</p>

Dust streams from Lago Colhué Huapi in Argentina 

<p>Today's <strong>Image of the Day</strong> from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NASA Earth Observatory</a> features thick haze over Thailand during the fire season. The photograph was captured by the VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) on the Suomi NPP satellite on March 16, 2024.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-waves-of-smoke-and-haze">Waves of smoke and haze</h2>



<p>"Each year in January and February, satellites begin to detect waves of smoke and fire in Southeast Asia, particularly in highland forests in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Thailand. Fire activity continues to increase through March and April, reaches a peak during the height of the dry season, and then fades in May with the start of the rainy season," noted NASA.</p>



<p>"Individual fires are usually small and short-lived. But they are often so numerous that smoke, along with air pollution from rural and urban areas, mixes to produce thick layers of haze that blanket the landscape." </p>



<p>"Such hazes contain mixtures of small airborne particles called aerosols and gaseous pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone that degrade air quality and have harmful health effects."</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-haze-in-thailand-nbsp">Haze in Thailand&nbsp;</h2>



<p>An international field campaign - the Airborne and Satellite Investigation of Asian Air Quality (ASIA-AQ) - was recently launched to investigate the haze in Thailand.</p>



<p>"During the last two weeks of March 2024, NASA’s DC-8 and Gulfstream III aircraft flew several flights over Chiang Mai, Bangkok, and rural areas surrounding the cities to sample air quality with several sensors. At the same time, satellites observed the haze from above," said NASA.</p>



<p>James Crawford, ASIA-AQ’s principal investigator, said the team is collaborating closely with national and local government entities in Thailand.</p>



<p>“The goal is to take as many simultaneous measurements of pollutants as possible from the ground, air, and space,” said Crawford. The team will use the data to gain a better understanding of how the haze forms, evolves chemically over time, and moves throughout the region.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-haze-and-public-health-in-thailand">Haze and public health in Thailand </h2>



<p>According to media reports, nearly 200,000 people have been hospitalized this year due to air quality in the region, with over 1.3 million people falling ill since January.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-root-causes">Root causes</h3>



<p>The root causes of the haze include agricultural burning, particularly of corn fields, as part of slash-and-burn practices to prepare land for the next planting cycle. This is exacerbated by the dry season when there's little rain to wash the pollutants away. </p>



<p>The situation is worsened by industrial emissions and vehicle fumes, particularly in urban areas like Bangkok​.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-sustainable-solutions-are-needed">Sustainable solutions are needed</h3>



<p>Efforts to address the crisis have been complex, involving local and transboundary issues. Much of the agricultural burning occurs not only within Thailand but also in neighboring countries like Myanmar and Laos, contributing to the transboundary nature of the haze. </p>



<p>Activists and local communities have called for sustainable solutions that do not exacerbate the poverty of smallholder farmers, emphasizing the need for affordable and realistic alternatives to burning​.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-mitigation-measures-nbsp">Mitigation measures&nbsp;</h3>



<p>The Thai government has implemented a no-burning rule until the end of April to combat wildfires and haze, but enforcement and effectiveness remain challenges​​. </p>



<p>Some measures taken to mitigate the immediate effects of pollution in urban areas include spraying water and seeding clouds to encourage rain, although these have had limited success​​.</p>



<p>This ongoing environmental crisis has sparked widespread concern among citizens, who are increasingly using public interest litigation to hold companies and the government accountable for environmental commitments. </p>



<p>With recent political changes, there is hope that the new administration will take more decisive action against the haze, possibly through more stringent regulations and international cooperation​​.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-health-impacts-of-haze">Health impacts of haze</h2>



<p>Haze poses several health hazards for those exposed to it, particularly when it contains fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Here are some of the main health risks associated with exposure to haze:</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-respiratory-problems">Respiratory problems</h3>



<p>Haze can aggravate conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, and other chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). The fine <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/heatwaves-and-air-pollution-may-double-fatal-heart-attack-risk/">particles</a> can penetrate deep into the lungs, causing inflammation and reducing lung function.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cardiovascular-issues-and-haze">Cardiovascular issues and haze</h3>



<p>Exposure to fine particulate matter can also affect the cardiovascular system, leading to increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, and high blood pressure. Particles can affect blood vessel function and promote the formation of blood clots.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-eye-irritation">Eye irritation</h3>



<p>Haze can cause eye irritation, leading to conditions such as conjunctivitis (pink eye) or exacerbated symptoms in people with existing eye conditions.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-skin-problems">Skin problems</h3>



<p>For some people, exposure to <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/air-pollution-will-increase-dramatically-in-a-hotter-climate/">polluted air</a> can cause skin irritation or exacerbate skin conditions like eczema or psoriasis.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-reduced-immune-function">Reduced immune function</h3>



<p>There is evidence to suggest that prolonged exposure to polluted air can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-impact-on-mental-health">Impact on mental health</h3>



<p>There are growing concerns about the impact of air pollution on <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/air-pollution-linked-to-multiple-chronic-health-conditions/">mental health</a>, with studies suggesting a link between exposure to polluted air and an increased risk of depression and anxiety.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-pregnant-women-and-children">Pregnant women and children</h3>



<p>Pregnant women, children, and the elderly are particularly vulnerable to the effects of haze. There may be increased risks of preterm birth and low birth weight in babies, and children may experience delayed development and reduced lung function.</p>



<p>The health impacts of haze can be mitigated by staying indoors on days when air quality is particularly poor, using air purifiers, wearing masks designed to filter out fine particles, and following local health advisories.</p>



<p>Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory</p>



<p>-----</p>



<p>Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.</p>



<p>Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/eric-ralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.</p>



<p>-----</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-nbsp">&nbsp;</h3>

Haze pollution is an environmental crisis in Thailand

<p>Honey bees - those buzzing dynamos that pollinate our food - are in trouble. Despite decades of study, scientists couldn't quite crack the code of why bee colonies are collapsing. A new study is shedding light on this mystery by revealing multiple stressors that honey bees encouunter on a typical day in the field.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-complex-network-of-honey-bee-stressors">Complex network of honey bee stressors</h2>



<p>New research from <a href="https://www.yorku.ca" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">York University</a> indicates that honey bees are not afflicted by a lone stressor, but rather an interconnected web of threats.</p>



<p>"Our study is the first to apply systems level or network analyses to honey bee stressors at a massive scale. I think this represents a paradigm shift in the field because we have been so focussed on finding the one big thing, the smoking gun," said Professor Amro Zayed.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-relentless-barrage-of-stressors">Relentless barrage of stressors</h2>



<p>The study broadened its scope to expose the vast network of stressors confronting honey bees. Consider their work environment: fields bursting with apples, canola, blueberries, and other crops. </p>



<p>These bees encounter a relentless barrage of stressors, including pesticides, viruses, parasites, and unpredictable environmental changes. The result of this exposure is a complex and harmful entanglement, where any single stressor has the potential to intensify the impact of others.</p>



<p>The researchers uncovered a startling reality: honey bees grapple with an average of 23 stressors simultaneously. This translates into a staggering 307 potential interactions, all with the capacity to undermine their health. Furthermore, certain stressors emerge as particularly influential, further compounding the damage.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-influencer-stressors-for-honey-bees">Influencer stressors for honey bees</h2>



<p>The researchers call them "influencer stressors." Just like social media influencers, certain viruses and pesticides are the ringleaders, making other stressors even nastier.</p>



<p>"Understanding which stressors co-occur and are likely to interact is profoundly important to unraveling how they are impacting the health and mortality of honey bee colonies," noted study lead author Sarah French.</p>



<p>"There have been a lot of studies about major pesticides, but in this research, we also saw a lot of minor pesticides that we don’t usually think about or study. We also found a lot of viruses that beekeepers don’t typically test for or manage. Seeing the influencer stressors interact with all these other stressors, whether it be mites, other pesticides or viruses, was not only interesting, but surprising."</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-significance-of-identifying-honey-bee-stressors">Significance of identifying honey bee stressors</h2>



<p>Honey bees play an indispensable role in our food production and economy, making their protection a significant concern. These small pollinators are vital for the fertilization of many crop species, contributing to the diversity and availability of fruits, vegetables, and nuts. </p>



<p>Without honey bees, many of the foods we take for granted could become scarce and more expensive. The economic impact is profound; honey bees add billions of dollars to global economies through their pollination services. In the U.S. alone, they contribute over $15 billion to the value of crop production.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-colony-collapse-disorder">Colony collapse disorder</h2>



<p>The urgency to understand and protect honey bees from their stressors is underscored by the troubling rates at which colonies are declining. This decline, often referred to as Colony Collapse Disorder, is marked by the mysterious and sudden disappearance of worker bees from a colony, leaving behind a queen, food, and a few nurse bees to care for the remaining immature bees. </p>



<p>Despite extensive research, the precise causes of these die-offs remain elusive, complicating efforts to devise effective interventions.</p>



<p>The situation is dire; some regions report winter losses of up to 60 percent of their bee colonies. These losses are not just numbers; they represent a significant threat to biodiversity, food security, and agricultural economies. </p>



<p>The causes of bee decline are believed to be multifaceted, involving a combination of environmental stressors such as pesticides, habitat loss, climate change, nutrition deficit, parasites, and pathogens like the Varroa mite and viral diseases. </p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-broader-implications">Broader implications</h2>



<p>Each of these stressors alone is a threat, but in combination, they can lead to devastating effects on honey bee populations.</p>



<p>Understanding the complex interactions between these stressors and developing strategies to mitigate them is crucial. It also maintains the health of natural ecosystems by supporting the growth of trees, flowers, and other plants. </p>



<p>Therefore, protecting honey bees is not merely an act of environmental stewardship—it is a critical necessity for sustaining our natural resources and agriculture.</p>



<p>Hope isn't lost. The study is part of a larger project called BEECSI, which uses 'omics' tools to help beekeepers assess bee health. The more we understand about these complex webs of stressors, the better we can protect these vital pollinators.</p>



<p>So, the next time you munch an apple or admire a field of wildflowers, remember the incredible hard workers behind them, and the fascinating (if somewhat stressful!) world they navigate.</p>



<p>The study is published in the journal <em><a href="https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(24)00379-8">Current Biology</a></em>.</p>



<p>-----</p>



<p>Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.earth.com/author/eralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.</p>



<p>-----</p>

Honey bees face a multitude of complex stressors in the field

Honey bees - those buzzing dynamos that pollinate our food...

<p>We all know that a mom's health and nutrition matter before and during pregnancy. But what about <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/dads-metabolic-health-advantages-kids/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">dads</a>? A new study suggests that a father's diet plays a surprisingly big role in the health of his future children. </p>



<p>Scientists are discovering that a father's diet can change his offspring's metabolism, health risks, and even emotional well-being.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-father-s-diet">Father's diet</h2>



<p>The researchers used a mouse model to explore how a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/fathers-life-experiences-offspring/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">father</a>'s diet may affect his future offspring. Here's what they discovered:</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-anxious-sons">Anxious sons</h3>



<p>Fathers who consumed a diet with less protein and more carbohydrates were more likely to have male offspring exhibiting increased signs of anxiety.</p>



<p>This anxiety was measured by researchers observing how much time these mice preferred to spend in the perceived "safer" areas of a maze.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-at-risk-daughters">At-risk daughters</h3>



<p><a href="https://www.earth.com/news/older-dad-health-risks/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Fathers</a> whose diets were primarily composed of high amounts of fat were more likely to produce female offspring with a greater degree of body fat. Furthermore, these daughters displayed early indicators of metabolic disease, including conditions like diabetes.</p>



<p>The study confirms that a father's diet matters before a baby is even conceived. It's not just about the calories - but also where those calories come from. </p>



<p>"By [changing] mixtures of protein, fat, and carbs in the father's diet we could influence specific features of his sons and daughters health and behavior," said Professor Stephen Simpson, co-senior author and academic director of the Charles Perkins Centre at the <a href="https://www.sydney.edu.au" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Sydney</a>.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-impact-of-father-s-diet-at-molecular-level">Impact of father's diet at molecular level</h2>



<p>A father's diet can influence the development of sperm cells. Tiny molecules attached to the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/exposure-to-ddt-alters-sperm-putting-children-at-risk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sperm</a>, influenced by the nutrients he consumes, may act like tiny flags. These flags can potentially alter how a child's genes are expressed, even though the DNA itself remains unchanged.</p>



<p>This means a father's dietary choices can influence how certain genes are "turned on" or "turned off" in his offspring, potentially impacting their health and development.</p>



<p>It's not simply about how much a father eats, but what he eats. The specific balance of macronutrients – protein, fat, and carbohydrates – appears to have a significant impact. </p>



<p>For example, the study suggests that low-protein, high-carb diets in fathers may be linked to increased anxiety in sons, while high-fat diets may be associated with increased body fat and metabolic disease risk in daughters.</p>



<p>Overall, this research highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach to family planning that considers the health of both the mother and the father. By focusing on a balanced diet rich in essential nutrients before conception, parents may be laying the groundwork for a healthier future generation.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-dads-to-be-take-note">Dads-to-be, take note</h2>



<p>While we can't directly apply mice studies to humans, these findings are huge. They imply that we need to take a closer look at the diet of both parents when thinking about family planning and the long-term health of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/happy-childhood-health-adulthood/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">children</a>. </p>



<p>"Our study is a step towards establishing dietary guidelines for fathers-to-be, with the ultimate goal of lowering the risk of metabolic disease and mood disorders in the next generation," said co-author Professor Romain Barrès.</p>



<p>It might be time to pay extra attention to nutrition alongside your partner. A balanced diet rich in a variety of nutrients seems like the way to go. Ditching the junk food in favor of some home-cooked meals might benefit your own health as well as that of your future children.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ideal-father-s-diet">Ideal father's diet</h2>



<p>An ideal father's diet is crucial not just for his own health but also for potentially influencing the health of his future children. The diet should be comprehensive, incorporating a variety of nutrients that contribute to good health and fertility. Here’s a detailed guide on what an ideal diet for a prospective father might include:</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Balanced Macronutrients</h3>



<ol>
<li><strong>Proteins</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Proteins are the building blocks of the body, essential for the growth and repair of cells and for making hormones and enzymes.</li>



<li><strong>Sources</strong>: Include both animal (chicken, turkey, beef, pork, fish) and plant-based sources (beans, lentils, tofu, tempeh) to diversify amino acid intake.</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><strong>Carbohydrates</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Carbohydrates are the body's main energy source. Complex carbohydrates provide sustained energy and are rich in fiber, which aids digestion.</li>



<li><strong>Sources</strong>: Whole grains (brown rice, whole wheat pasta, barley), legumes, fruits, and vegetables.</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><strong>Fats</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Fats are vital for hormonal health, including the production of sex hormones necessary for reproductive health.</li>



<li><strong>Sources</strong>: Focus on unsaturated fats found in olive oil, nuts, seeds, avocados, and fatty fish like salmon and mackerel.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Essential Micronutrients</h3>



<ol>
<li><strong>Zinc</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Zinc is critical for testosterone production and the development of healthy sperm.</li>



<li><strong>Sources</strong>: Meat, shellfish (especially oysters), chickpeas, lentils, and seeds like pumpkin and sesame.</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><strong>Folate (Vitamin B9)</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Folate is important for cellular division and is crucial in the production of DNA and RNA. It is also essential for sperm quality and count.</li>



<li><strong>Sources</strong>: Dark leafy greens, fruits, nuts, beans, peas, and fortified grains.</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><strong>Vitamin D</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Vitamin D is linked to higher levels of testosterone and overall reproductive health.</li>



<li><strong>Sources</strong>: Exposure to sunlight is a primary source. Also found in fortified dairy products, fatty fish, and egg yolks.</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><strong>Vitamin C</strong>:
<ul>
<li>This vitamin serves as an antioxidant protecting cells, including sperm, from damage. It also plays a role in collagen production and immune function.</li>



<li><strong>Sources</strong>: Citrus fruits, strawberries, bell peppers, and broccoli.</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><strong>Selenium</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Selenium is important for sperm motility and overall antioxidant defense systems in the body.</li>



<li><strong>Sources</strong>: Brazil nuts, fish, eggs, and grains.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Lifestyle considerations</h3>



<ol>
<li><strong>Hydration</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Drinking plenty of water is crucial for maintaining all bodily functions, including the health of sperm.</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><strong>Limiting Harmful Substances</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Alcohol, tobacco, and recreational drugs can all detrimentally affect sperm quality and overall health. These should be minimized or avoided.</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><strong>Eating Patterns</strong>:
<ul>
<li>Regular, balanced meals help stabilize blood sugar, manage weight, and provide a steady supply of energy and nutrients throughout the day.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>



<p>Following these guidelines can help prospective fathers optimize their health and potentially influence the health outcomes of their future children. While we still need more evidence in humans, this research is a wake-up call. </p>



<p>Your dad's choices mattered to you even before you were born. It's a humbling and exciting reminder of how interconnected we all are, down to what's on our plates.</p>



<p>The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-46782-y" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nature Communications</a>.</p>



<p>-----</p>



<p>Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.earth.com/author/eralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.</p>



<p>-----</p>

A father's diet impacts the health of his future children

We all know that a mom's health and nutrition matter...

Puya,Alpestris,,Sapphire,Tower,,Giant,Bromeliad,In,Bloom,Close-up,In

<p>Get ready to witness an incredibly rare and spectacular sight. A plant so extraordinary it's been nicknamed the Sapphire Tower is blooming for the first time in a decade at the <a href="https://bbgardens.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Birmingham Botanical Gardens</a>. </p>



<p>This "otherworldly" beauty from the Chilean Andes is a must-see, but you'll have to hurry – these <a href="https://www.earth.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/sapphire-tower-plant-blooms_puya-alpestris_1m.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">breathtaking blooms</a> won't last long.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-is-the-sapphire-tower">What is the Sapphire Tower?</h2>



<p>The Sapphire Tower, or <a href="https://earthpedia.earth.com/plant-encyclopedia/angiosperms/bromeliaceae/puya-alpestris/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Puya alpestris</em></a>, is a fascinating and visually striking plant native to the Andean regions of Chile. </p>



<p>Part of the bromeliad family, which includes more familiar plants like pineapples and Spanish moss, <em>Puya alpestris</em> is particularly notable for its unique and vibrant characteristics.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Appearance and growth</h3>



<p>The Sapphire Tower is characterized by its rosettes of silver-green leaves that are long, narrow, and edged with sharp spines. </p>



<p>The plant can grow quite large, typically reaching heights of up to a meter or more. It's known for its dramatic <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthpedia-articles/7-beautiful-flowering-trees-and-how-to-identify-them/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">flowering</a> stalks, which can extend several meters high, far above the foliage.</p>



<p>The flowers themselves are what give the Sapphire Tower its name. They bloom in a striking metallic blue to turquoise color, and they are densely packed on the towering spikes. </p>



<p>These blooms are not only rare but also ephemeral, typically appearing only after many years of growth. The plant’s blooming cycle is particularly slow, often taking up to a decade to produce flowers.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Pollination and ecological role</h3>



<p>In its native habitat in Chile, the <em><a href="https://www.earth.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/sapphire-tower-plant_puya-alpestris_1.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Puya alpestris</a></em> is adapted to being pollinated by birds, particularly hummingbirds. </p>



<p>The shape of the flowers and their arrangement on the tall spike are perfectly suited to facilitate bird pollination. </p>



<p>The coloration of the flowers is also believed to be an adaptation to attract these specific pollinators.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Sapphire Tower cultivation and care</h3>



<p>Outside of its native range, cultivating <em>Puya alpestris</em> can be challenging. It requires well-draining soil, as it is adapted to the rocky soils of mountainous regions. </p>



<p>The plant prefers full sun and tolerates drought well. This is due to its ability to store water in its thick leaves, similar to other bromeliads. </p>



<p>In regions outside of Chile, the <em>Puya alpestris</em> is often grown in botanical gardens. It is also grown as an ornamental plant by enthusiasts who appreciate its dramatic appearance and rare blooming.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-pollinating-the-sapphire-tower">Pollinating the Sapphire Tower</h2>



<p>In their natural habitat, Sapphire Towers rely on hummingbirds for pollination. But in a botanical garden, dedicated horticulturists like Alberto Trinco step in to give nature a helping hand.</p>



<p>"Each flower only lasts a few days, giving us a limited window of time to give nature a helping hand," explains Trinco. "It is very slow-growing, so to witness its spectacular blooms is both exciting and rare."</p>



<p>Their job is to carefully transfer pollen from one <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthpedia-articles/5-easiest-perennial-flowers-to-grow-in-your-garden/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">flower</a> to another – a delicate process with a brief window for success.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-why-pollination-is-important-to-sapphire-tower-plants">Why pollination is important to Sapphire Tower plants</h2>



<p>Pollination plays a vital role in the life cycle of plants such as the Sapphire Tower. This process is essential because it leads to the production of seeds, which are crucial for the propagation and survival of the species. </p>



<p>By transferring pollen from the male structures of one <a href="https://www.earth.com/plant-encyclopedia/angiosperms/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">flower</a> to the female structures of another, pollination initiates the development of seeds that will eventually grow into new plants.</p>



<p>For the Sapphire Tower, which blooms infrequently and only under specific conditions, successful pollination is particularly significant. </p>



<p>The seeds produced through this process ensure the continuation of the species, allowing it to thrive in its natural habitats. </p>



<p>These seeds carry the genetic blueprint of the plants, enhancing genetic diversity. This diversity is crucial for adapting to changing environmental conditions and resisting diseases and pests.</p>



<p>By preserving the species through natural reproductive processes like pollination, we ensure its survival. This allows future generations to enjoy and appreciate the extraordinary beauty of the Sapphire Tower.</p>



<p>The plant’s unique characteristics and striking appearance make it a valuable specimen for botanical gardens and plant enthusiasts. </p>



<p>Thus, effective pollination not only supports the ecological balance in the plant's native environment but also enhances human appreciation and understanding of biodiversity.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-don-t-miss-this-exquisite-sapphire-tower-bloom">Don't miss this "exquisite" Sapphire Tower bloom</h2>



<p>If you're lucky enough to be near the Birmingham Botanical Gardens, you have a chance to witness this breathtaking sight for yourself. But don't wait too long! You might only have between 10 days to two weeks to experience it.</p>



<p>The Sapphire Tower serves as an incredible reminder of our planet's amazing biodiversity. Slow-growing marvels and fleeting, vibrant blooms fill the natural world with delicate and awe-inspiring wonders.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-interesting-facts-on-sapphire-towers">Interesting facts on Sapphire Towers</h2>



<p>Here are some other fascinating facts about the Sapphire Tower to amaze your friends and family:</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-distant-relatives">Distant relatives</h3>



<p>Bromeliads are the same plant family as pineapples. It's hard to imagine the spiky, alien-like Sapphire Tower is related to our favorite tropical fruit, but it is. </p>



<p>This family, known for their rosette shape and central "tank" formed by their tightly overlapping leaf bases, showcases a wide variety of forms and adaptations, highlighting the diversity of the bromeliad family.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-high-altitude-home">High altitude home</h3>



<p>Sapphire Towers thrive in the harsh, mountainous regions of Chile. These plants perfectly adapt to the rocky, nutrient-poor soils and the drastic temperature shifts between day and night in high altitudes. Their resilience in these tough environments showcases their hardy nature and survival strategies.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-living-fossils">Living fossils</h3>



<p>Some Puya species, including the Sapphire Tower, are incredibly old and have changed little for millions of years. These plants are living relics of ancient times, providing a glimpse into past ecosystems and the evolutionary history of flora.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-adaptation-mastery">Adaptation mastery</h3>



<p>The Sapphire Tower’s ability to store water in its thick, waxy leaves enables it to survive the dry periods common in its native habitat. This water storage capability, along with their ability to absorb water directly from fog and mist, demonstrates their incredible adaptability to their environment.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-conservation-significance">Conservation significance</h3>



<p>The unique characteristics and the rarity of the Sapphire Tower make it an important species for conservation efforts. Preserving such species helps maintain biodiversity and the health of ecosystems, which in turn supports overall environmental resilience and stability.</p>



<p>-----</p>



<p>Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.earth.com/author/eralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.</p>



<p>-----</p>

Rare 'Sapphire Tower' plant blooms for the first time in a decade

Get ready to witness an incredibly rare and spectacular sight....

<p></p>
<div id="58e3ebce955a315103d39bd1" class="vdb_player vdb_58e3ebce955a315103d39bd158d96b98cd4fed198a0d2a49" data-placeholder="//img.vidible.tv/prod/2019-05/24/5ce843f541aecf531a82e72f/5ce8441e37f297000127bf99_1920x1080_FES_v1.jpg?w=1440&amp;h=900&amp;q=60">
<script src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" type="text/javascript"></script></div>
<p><br />
Carbon is the basis for all life on our planet Today&#8217;s <b>Video of the Day </b>comes<span style="font-weight: 400;"> from the </span><a href="https://www.acs.org/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">American Chemical Society</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> describes why carbon is the most important element on our planet. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Carbon provides the foundation for all known forms of life. Each carbon atom can bond in different ways, which means carbon can bond to a wide variety of other elements.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to scientists, it is possible that elements other than carbon may be the building blocks for life beyond Earth. Silicon, for example, shares a lot of similarities with carbon including its ability to bond to oxygen. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">&#8212;</span></p>
<p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">By </span></i><a href="http://csexton@earth.com"><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Chrissy Sexton</span></i></a><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span></i><a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Earth.com</span></i></a><i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Staff Writer</span></i></p>
<p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Video Credit: American Chemical Society</span></i></p>