Western trilling cricket

Description

Gryllus integer, commonly known as the western trilling cricket, is one of many species of field cricket (subfamily Gryllinae) in the genus Gryllus. It is called the "triller" field cricket because its song is nearly continuous rather than broken into discrete chirps. G. integer can be found in parts of the Western United States, having been recorded from Oregon, California, Arizona and New Mexico. Gryllus integer can be medium to large in size, ranging from 17.1- 24.0 mm, it is macropterous(large-winged), its head and pronotum are jet black and tegmina is light brown. Typical of many field crickets, G. integer can be found living in cracks or burrows in the ground in disturbed areas such as roads or by buildings, and around human habitation. Gryllus integer has a unique song known as a rapid thrill., which is produced by tegminal (forewing) stridulation. These displaying male crickets prefer to call from warmer sites and it has been found that their micro-habitat choice based on temperature can influence their mating calls. Male song varies in duration of uninterrupted trilling. Males use this call to attract sexually receptive females who tend to preferentially move toward males with longer calling bouts (periods of calling that contain no pause greater than 0.10 s in real time), although female mate preference can vary. These males tend to fight intensely and stridulate their wings more when trying to acquire females. Sexually mature males tend to be more aggressive and heavier than lighter males which have not yet produced a spermatophore. The calling song of G. integer attracts females and results in spacing between mates, but it also attracts the parasitoid female fly Euphasiopteryx ochracea. This parasitoid fly lays its larvae on the surface of the cricket and burrows into its body. Male G. integer from Davis, California, do not trill but rather produce fast trains of chirps containing 2 or 3 syllables per chirp with a pause between chirps approximately 30ms long, but most commonly with 3. Females tend to respond more to 2 syllables then 3. Arizona populations of G.integer call exclusively with 2 syllables per chirp. Californian G. integer are relatively intolerant of increased syllable numbers. Californian G. integer prefer particular chirp pauses (24-36 ms) but accepted somewhat longer ones (up to 70 ms).