Angiosperms (Flowering Plants) • Earth.com

North Island eyebright

(Euphrasia cuneata)

galery
en

Description

Euphrasia cuneata, or North Island eyebright, is a perennial herb or subshrub in the genus Euphrasia, native to New Zealand. It grows to 60 cm, with woody stems and white flowers with a yellow lower lip. E. cuneata is found primarily in northern New Zealand, from the easternmost point of the North Island, East Cape, to the north-easternmost point of the South Island, the Marlborough Sounds; however, E. cuneata can be found as far south as Lake Ellesmere in Canterbury. It grows from subalpine to coastal areas in "open rocky places, stream-sides and among scrub." Euphrasia, or eyebright, is a genus of about 450 species of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae (formerly included in the Scrophulariaceae), with a cosmopolitan distribution. They are semi-parasitic on grasses and other plants. The common name refers to the plant's use in treating eye infections. Many species are found in alpine or sub-alpine meadows where snow is common. Flowers usually are borne terminally, are zygomorphic, and have a lower petal shaped like a lip. The most common flower colours are purple, blue-white, and violet. Some species have yellow markings on the lower petal to act as a guide to pollinating insects. Alternative names, mainly in herbalism, are Augentrostkraut, Euphrasiae herba, Herba Euphrasiae and Herbe d'Euphraise. The plant was known to classical herbalists, but then was not referred to until mentioned again in 1305. Nicholas Culpeper assigned it to the Zodiac sign Leo, claiming that it strengthened the brain. It was also used to treat bad memory and vertigo. In the Elizabethan era, the plant was used in ales, and Gervase Markham's Countrie Farm (1616) said that one should "Drinke everie morning a small draught of Eyebright wine." Herbalists use eyebright as a poultice with or without concurrent administration of a tea for the redness, swelling, and visual disturbances caused by blepharitis, and conjunctivitis. The herb is also used for eyestrain and to relieve inflammation caused by colds, coughs, sinus infections, sore throats, and hay fever.

Taxonomic tree:

Domain:
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum:
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order:Lamiales
Family:Orobanchaceae
Genus:Euphrasia
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