Rampion mignonette

Description

Reseda phyteuma, common name rampion mignonette or corn mignonette, is a species of flowering plant in the family Resedaceae. Reseda phyteuma can reach a height of 10–50 centimetres (3.9–19.7 in). It is an annual or perennial plant with erect stems, branched at the base. Leaves are entire, the upper ones with two lateral lobes. The inflorescence, which may take up most of the upper stem, is densely packed with many greenish-white flowers with six petals. They bloom from April to September. Reseda phyteuma is present from Central and Southern Europe to Western Asia and North Africa. It is naturalized in Britain. This species can be found in wasteland, walls and vineyards at elevation of 0–1,000 metres (0–3,281 ft) above sea level. Reseda, also known as the mignonette is a genus of fragrant herbaceous plants native to Europe, southwest Asia and North Africa, from the Canary Islands and Iberia east to northwest India. The genus includes herbaceous annual, biennial and perennial species 40–130 cm tall. The leaves form a basal rosette at ground level, and then spirally arranged up the stem; they can be entire, toothed or pinnate, and range from 1–15 cm long. The flowers are produced in a slender spike, each flower small (4–6 mm diameter), white, yellow, orange, or green, with four to six petals. The fruit is a small dry capsule containing several seeds. Other common names include weld or dyer's rocket (for R. luteola), and bastard rocket. Propagation is by seed, which is surface-sown directly into the garden or grass verge. The plant does not take well to transplanting and should not be moved after sowing. Mignonette flowers are extremely fragrant. It is grown for the sweet ambrosial scent of its flowers. It is used in flower arrangements, perfumes and potpourri. A Victorian favourite, it was commonly grown in pots and in window-boxes to scent the city air. It was used as a sedative and a treatment for bruises in Roman times. The volatile oil is used in perfumery. The yellow dye was obtained from the roots of R. luteola by the first millennium BC, and perhaps earlier than either woad or madder. Use of this dye came to an end at the beginning of the twentieth century, when cheaper synthetic yellow dyes came into use. Charles Darwin used R. odorata in his studies of self-fertilised plants, which he documented in The Effects of Cross and Self-Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom.