<p>Today's <strong>Image of the Day</strong> from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NASA Earth Observatory</a> features the picturesque wetlands of Spain's Doñana National Park, This vital ecosystem, located in the Andalusia region, has received some long-awaited rainfall after enduring years of severe <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/climate-change-has-made-droughts-20-times-more-likely/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">drought</a> conditions. </p>



<p>A significant increase in rainfall in March 2024 brought temporary relief to this UNESCO World Heritage Site and Biosphere Reserve, known for its rich biodiversity and critical role as a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-decade-of-drought-in-donana-national-park">A decade of drought in Doñana National Park</h2>



<p>For over a decade, Doñana National Park has faced below-average rainfall levels, with the situation worsening significantly in the past three years. These years have recorded some of the lowest annual precipitation totals, compounded by unusually high temperatures across the country.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The effects of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/drought-to-downpour-climate-change-triggers-extreme-weather-shifts/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">climate change</a> were starkly visible in January 2024, which was noted as Spain's warmest January since records began, with temperatures averaging 2.4 degrees Celsius higher than normal.</p>



<p>The first quarter of 2024 continued this trend, potentially marking it as the warmest first quarter since 1961. The prolonged <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/global-drought-crisis-un-warns-of-unprecedented-emergency/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">drought</a> has had a devastating impact on the park’s ecosystem, drying up <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/nearly-all-of-the-worlds-salt-marshes-may-be-underwater-by-2100/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">marshes</a> and affecting both flora and fauna.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-welcome-change-in-the-weather">Welcome change in the weather</h2>



<p>The heavy rains that arrived in late March 2024 have momentarily brought some relief to the region. Satellite images acquired by the OLI on Landsat 8 and the OLI-2 on Landsat 9 showed significant changes in the landscape by April 9, 2024.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The featured image shows that marshes have been replenished and ponds have been temporarily filled, contrasting sharply with the desolate conditions observed just a year earlier.</p>



<p>A weather station in the park recorded 145 millimeters of rainfall in March 2024, making it the second-wettest March on record. Since the start of the water year in September 2023, the area has received over 400 millimeters of rainfall, surpassing the totals of each of the last three full water years. Despite this increase, the precipitation still falls short of the historical yearly average of more than 500 millimeters.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ecological-responses-and-challenges">Ecological responses and challenges</h2>



<p>The western part of the park is home to thousands of small, shallow pools known as Mediterranean temporary ponds, which naturally experience cycles of flooding and drying. Following the recent rains, several of the largest ponds flooded, as did marsh areas farther inland, though some regions remained dry.</p>



<p>The Doñana Biological Station reported that this influx of water led to a resurgence of vegetation beneficial to breeding waterfowl such as coots, grebes, and herons.&nbsp;</p>



<p>However, despite these positive signs, the challenges remain significant. Development pressures from agricultural fields and an adjacent resort town continue to strain the local aquifer, exacerbating the water scarcity and impacting the wetland's ecological balance.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-long-term-concerns-for-donana-national-park">Long-term concerns for Doñana National Park</h2>



<p>Javier Bustamante, a researcher at the Doñana Biological Station, emphasized that while the rainfall has eased some of the immediate drought-related issues, it does not address the deeper problem of groundwater overexploitation.&nbsp;</p>



<p>"The rains have partially alleviated the most immediate drought problems, but they do not solve the invisible problem of groundwater overexploitation," Bustamante stated, highlighting the complex nature of the challenges facing Doñana.</p>



<p>The overall effect of the rainfall will become clearer in the coming months, but experts caution that the changes observed might not signify long-term relief. Conservation efforts continue to focus on managing external pressures and restoring the ecological balance to preserve Doñana National Park for future generations.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-more-about-donana-national-park">More about Doñana National Park</h2>



<p>Doñana National Park is one of Europe's most important and diverse natural reserves. This vast park stretches across parts of the provinces of Huelva, Seville, and Cádiz. It was established as a national park in 1969 and covers an area of approximately 543 square kilometers.</p>



<p>The park is celebrated for its extraordinary biodiversity. It serves as a critical stopover, breeding, and wintering site for thousands of European and African migratory birds.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Doñana's complex ecosystem includes <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/coastal-wetlands-are-inching-closer-to-extinction-as-the-world-heats-up/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">marshlands</a>, shallow streams, and sand dunes, providing habitat for a wide variety of plant and animal species. Among its notable inhabitants are the Iberian lynx and the Spanish imperial eagle, both of which are endangered species.</p>



<p>Doñana also has a rich cultural heritage; it has been influenced by various civilizations throughout history, including the Romans and Moors. This history is reflected in the archaeological sites found within its boundaries, including the remains of the town of La Algaida.</p>



<p>Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory&nbsp;</p>



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Doñana National Park gets temporary relief from drought

Today's Image of the Day from NASA Earth Observatory features...

<p>Today's <strong>Image of the Day</strong> from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NASA Earth Observatory</a> features Ruang, a small volcanic island in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The tranquil environment of Ruang was shattered by a powerful volcanic eruption on the night of April 16, 2024.</p>



<p>This event has left the island's 800 residents grappling with its devastating aftermath, while scientists are assessing its potential global effects.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-violent-awakening-on-ruang">A violent awakening on Ruang</h2>



<p>Ruang, located in the Sangihe Islands arc, is known for its long history of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/volcanic-eruptions-play-an-overlooked-role-in-earths-climate/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">volcanic activity</a>, but the intensity of the latest eruption has been particularly alarming. The <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/explosive-volcanic-eruption-triggered-an-hours-long-thunderstorm/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">eruption</a> produced explosive discharges, sending vast plumes of ash and gas soaring into the stratosphere. The force of nature transformed lush greenery into a gray wasteland.</p>



<p>“Late on April 16, 2024, the mountain roared to life, unleashing a series of explosive eruptions that, at times, sent plumes of ash and gas billowing high into the stratosphere. The eruption also bombarded the island with tephra, small pebbles of lapilli, and fine shards of pulverized rock called ash,” said NASA.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-extensive-damage-and-humanitarian-efforts">Extensive damage and humanitarian efforts</h2>



<p>The eruption's immediate impact was severe, with settlements on the north side of Ruang and Laingpatehi village experiencing extensive damage due to volcanic debris.&nbsp;</p>



<p>More than 500 houses were destroyed or severely damaged, according to Indonesia’s disaster management agency, Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB). The heavy ashfall also impacted local agriculture, damaging crops and farms.&nbsp;</p>



<p>In response to the crisis, the Sam Ratulangi International Airport in nearby Manado was temporarily closed, disrupting travel and causing widespread flight cancellations. It was not until April 22 that the airport could reopen, following significant cleanup efforts and a decrease in the volcanic threat level.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-scientific-analysis-and-global-concerns">Scientific analysis and global concerns</h2>



<p>The eruption has attracted significant scientific interest due to the vast quantities of ash and sulfur dioxide it emitted. Atmospheric scientist Ghassan Taha from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center noted, "We expect to see aerosol particles circulating in the stratosphere for weeks, if not months." This observation is critical as particles reaching this altitude can have extensive, albeit temporary, effects on global climate patterns.</p>



<p>Volcanologist Simon Carn from Michigan Technological University reported that the eruption released between 0.3 to 0.5 teragrams of sulfur dioxide on April 17 and 18. These levels, while substantial, fall below the threshold generally required to affect global temperatures significantly.&nbsp;</p>



<p>For context, the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption, which had a pronounced cooling effect on the Earth's climate, released approximately 20 teragrams of sulfur dioxide.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-preparedness-and-future-risks">Preparedness and future risks</h2>



<p>In light of Ruang's active volcanic history and the potential for further eruptions, local authorities remain vigilant. The risk of lahars and tsunamis prompted immediate evacuations and multiple tsunami warnings, though, fortunately, no substantial tsunamis have occurred thus far. Over 16,000 residents have been evacuated from the most vulnerable areas, a move that has likely prevented any fatalities or serious injuries.</p>



<p>The 2024 <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/underwater-volcanic-eruptions-are-more-harmful-than-previously-believed/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">eruption</a> of Ruang is a stark reminder of the powerful and often unpredictable nature of volcanic islands. While the local and immediate impacts are devastating, the eruption also offers valuable data for scientists studying the broader implications of such natural events on atmospheric conditions and climate. </p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-more-about-ruang">More about Ruang</h2>



<p>The population on Ruang is small, with residents primarily engaged in subsistence fishing and agriculture, which is typical of remote Indonesian islands. The island's terrain and soil fertility, influenced by volcanic ash, may support the cultivation of certain crops that are adapted to such conditions.</p>



<p>The Ruang volcano rises to about 725 meters above sea level, making it a prominent feature in the region. This area is part of the volcanic arc that includes numerous volcanoes produced by the subduction of the oceanic plate under the continental margin.</p>



<p>The active stratovolcano has had several recorded eruptions in history, with significant activity occurring in 1871, 1873, and 2002.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The image was captured by the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on April 20, 2024.</p>



<p>Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory&nbsp;</p>



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Ruang volcano eruption has devastated the tranquil island

<p>Today's <strong>Image of the Day</strong> from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NASA Earth Observatory</a> features the Bermejo River and the Río Grande de Tarija, which flow through Argentina and Bolivia in South America. The photograph was captured by an astronaut onboard the International Space Station.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-meandering-rivers">Meandering rivers</h2>



<p>“The meandering rivers in this image are sourced in the Andes Mountains and generally flow southeast through valleys in the foothills - the region between the high mountains and plains. The Iruya River deposits particles of silt and clay as it flows into the valley centered in this image,” said NASA.</p>



<p>“Visible indications of the rivers’ shifting channels include river islands, point bars (on the inside curve of streams), and several meander scars. Such scars form when a river gets cut off from the main flow and fills in with sediment, soil, and vegetation.”</p>



<p>“Sediment from the adjacent highlands filled valleys that were formed by tectonic forces driving uplift of the Andes. These deposits are subsequently carried by rivers, such as the Iruya, along with new sediment to form the light-toned braided channels and the adjacent darker-toned floodplains. Nutrient-rich floodplain soils provide fertile ground for agricultural fields.”</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-bermejo-river">Bermejo River</h2>



<p>The Bermejo River originates in the Bolivian <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/biodiversity-hotspots-are-shrinking-in-the-andes-mountains/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Andes</a> and flows into Argentina. It plays a crucial role in the geographical and ecological landscape of the region. The river's course is characterized by its meandering path through the Gran Chaco plain, making it a significant river in the region's hydrological system.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-economic-importance">Economic importance</h3>



<p>The Bermejo River is vital for agriculture, providing essential water resources for irrigation. It also has potential for hydroelectric power generation.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-biodiversity-nbsp">Biodiversity&nbsp;</h3>



<p>The diverse habitats created by the Bermejo River, including its riverbanks, floodplains, and adjacent forests, support rich biodiversity. However, the wildlife in this region faces threats from habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change, making conservation efforts critical for their survival.</p>



<p><a href="https://www.earth.com/news/jaguars-in-the-amazon-are-threatened-by-climate-extremes/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jaguars</a> are the apex predators of this region, and are occasionally spotted along the riverbanks, where they hunt. Large, herbivorous mammals called tapirs are found in the forests around the Bermejo River. They often visit the river to drink and cool off.</p>



<p>Capibaras, the world’s largest rodents, are commonly found in the wetlands and along the river edges.</p>



<p>The tallest flying bird found in South and Central America, jabirus can often be seen in wetlands along the Bermejo River. Toco toucans, known for their colorful bills, can be found in the forested areas near the river.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-rio-grande-de-tarija">Río Grande de Tarija</h2>



<p>The Río Grande de Tarija, also known in its lower stretches as the Guadalquivir, flows primarily within Bolivia. It is a critical watercourse in the Tarija Department, contributing significantly to the region's agriculture and livelihoods.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-economic-importance-0">Economic importance</h3>



<p>This river is essential for irrigation, supporting a variety of crops and contributing to the local economy. The surrounding lands are fertile and productive, thanks to the river's water.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-challenges">Challenges</h3>



<p>Similar to other rivers, the Río Grande de Tarija faces challenges such as water management issues, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/predicting-the-effects-of-pollutants-on-river-ecosystems/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">pollution</a>, and the impacts of climate change on its flow and health.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-wildlife-in-bolivian-rivers">Wildlife in Bolivian rivers</h3>



<p>River basins in Bolivia are home to a wide range of bird species, including various species of herons, egrets, kingfishers, and perhaps even some rarer species like the wattled jacana or the sunbittern. The diverse birdlife is attracted to the abundance of fish and the relatively untouched natural habitats along the river.</p>



<p>The Characidae family includes many fish species that are commonly found in South American rivers, such as tetras. They are known for their diversity and are a key part of the river's ecosystem, serving as both <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/diving-to-extremes-predatory-fish-frequent-the-oceans-twilight-zone/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">predator</a> and prey.</p>



<p>Cichlids are another diverse group of fish that can be found in South American rivers. They are appreciated by aquarium enthusiasts worldwide and play significant roles in their ecosystems as both predators and herbivores.</p>



<p>The rivers of Bolivia are also home to various catfish species, which are well adapted to life in muddy and turbulent waters. These include the armored catfish, which are often found clinging to rocks and logs.</p>



<p>Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory/ ISS Crew Earth Observations Facility/ Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, Johnson Space Center</p>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-nbsp">&nbsp;</h3>

The Río Grande de Tarija and Bermejo River in South America

<p>Today's <strong>Image of the Day</strong> from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NASA Earth Observatory</a> features the delta of the Ebro River on the northeast coast of Spain, captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ebro-river">Ebro River</h2>



<p>“Stretching across 910 km of northern Spain, the Ebro River is the second-longest river in the Iberian Peninsula. In the image, it can be seen as a green line winding its way through the peninsula before flowing into the Mediterranean, shaping the Ebro Delta,” noted ESA.</p>



<p>“The Ebro River discharges more water into the sea than any other river in Spain. As suspended sediment flows from the river’s mouth, it tints the coastal waters with a turquoise hue.”</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ebro-delta">Ebro Delta</h2>



<p>The Ebro Delta is one of the largest <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/wetland-methane-emissions-have-surged-at-high-latitudes/">wetland areas</a> in the western Mediterranean region. The river's basin is the largest in Spain, covering about 85,000 square kilometers.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-historical-significance-nbsp">Historical significance&nbsp;</h2>



<p>Historically, the Ebro River has been significant in numerous battles, including the famous Battle of the Ebro during the Spanish Civil War, which was one of the war's longest and deadliest conflicts.&nbsp;</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-economic-significance-nbsp">Economic significance&nbsp;</h2>



<p>Economically, the Ebro plays a crucial role in agriculture, particularly in regions like La Rioja and Navarre, which are known for their vineyards. Additionally, the river supports various industries and hydroelectric power generation.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ecological-significance">Ecological significance</h2>



<p>The Ebro Delta is ecologically rich, providing habitat for diverse bird species. It is also a vital area for rice cultivation in Spain.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-nature-reserve">Nature reserve</h3>



<p>“Most of the delta comprises the Ebro Delta Nature Reserve. With its protected wetlands, beaches, marshes, salt pans and estuaries, this reserve provides a natural habitat for numerous migratory birds and waterfowl,” said ESA.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-environmental-challenges-nbsp">Environmental challenges&nbsp;</h3>



<p>The river and its delta face environmental challenges such as pollution, water extraction for irrigation, and the impacts of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/climate-change-may-have-altered-river-flow-worldwide/">climate change</a>, which threaten its ecosystem and the sustainability of its water resources.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-northeast-coast-of-spain">The northeast coast of Spain</h2>



<p>The northeast coast of Spain is a vibrant and diverse region, characterized by its rich history, unique culture, and stunning landscapes. </p>



<p>It includes the autonomous communities of Catalonia, which features the dynamic city of Barcelona, and part of the Valencian Community. This area is also part of what is known as the Costa Brava, which stretches from the town of Blanes up to the French border.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-geography">Geography</h3>



<p>The <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/human-activity-impacts-97-percent-of-the-worlds-coastline/">coastline</a> is renowned for its rugged beauty, with rocky cliffs, secluded coves, and small beaches. The interior regions feature mountains such as the Pyrenees, which offer skiing in winter and hiking in the summer.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cultural-heritage">Cultural heritage</h3>



<p>The area has a strong cultural identity, particularly in Catalonia, where there is a significant movement for independence. The Catalan language is widely spoken alongside Spanish. The region is also known for its festivals, architecture (notably the works of Antoni Gaudí in Barcelona), and traditional dances like the Sardana.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cuisine">Cuisine</h3>



<p>The cuisine is a delightful mix of fresh seafood from the Mediterranean, traditional Catalan dishes like "pa amb tomàquet" (bread with tomato), and rice dishes such as paella in the Valencian region. The area is also famous for its wines, including the sparkling wine Cava.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-tourism">Tourism</h3>



<p>The northeast coast attracts millions of tourists each year due to its beautiful beaches, historical sites, and vibrant cities. Barcelona, in particular, is a major tourist destination with attractions like the Sagrada Familia, Park Güell, and the bustling La Rambla.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-economy">Economy</h3>



<p>The economy of the northeast coast is one of the most dynamic in Spain, with Barcelona serving as a major hub for trade, education, entertainment, and technology.</p>



<p>Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory</p>



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The Ebro River on the northeast coast of Spain

<p>Today's <strong>Image of the Day</strong> from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NASA Earth Observatory</a> features the United Arab Emirates, where a slow-moving storm system dumped more than a year's worth of rainfall in just a few hours. </p>



<p>“The UAE’s National Center for Meteorology reported that eastern parts of the country measured up to 250 millimeters (10 inches) of rain in less than 24 hours. UAE, known for its dry desert climate, receives only about 140 to 200 millimeters (5.5 to 8 inches) of rainfall per year,” said NASA.</p>



<p>“Dubai International Airport recorded 119 millimeters on April 16, which is 1.5 times its typical annual rainfall. The deluge temporarily halted flights at the airport, which is among the world’s busiest for international travel.”</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-heaviest-rainfall-on-record-in-the-united-arab-emirates-nbsp">Heaviest rainfall on record in the United Arab Emirates&nbsp;</h2>



<p>Authorities noted that this was the heaviest <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/record-heat-fueled-unexpected-and-deadly-storms-in-2023/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">rainfall</a> on record in the United Arab Emirates. The news agency WAM called it a historic weather event that surpassed “anything documented since the start of data collection in 1949.”&nbsp;</p>



<p>“Heavy rain triggered flash flooding across eastern parts of the country, inundating roads and disrupting transportation,” said NASA. “The system first hit Oman on April 14 and continued to batter the UAE through most of the day on April 16.”&nbsp;</p>



<p>At least 18 people were killed in the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/heavy-rainfall-events-in-the-northeast-are-set-to-increase-by-over-50-percent/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">heavy rains</a> in Oman, including ten children that were swept away in a vehicle with one adult, according to a statement from the country’s National Committee for Emergency Management.&nbsp;</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-strong-low-pressure-system">Strong low-pressure system</h2>



<p>Michael Mann, a climate scientist at the University of Pennsylvania, noted that three low-pressure systems formed a train of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/thunderstorms-are-becoming-more-intense-due-to-climate-change/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">storms</a> slowly moving along the jet stream - the river of air that moves weather systems - toward the Persian Gulf.&nbsp;</p>



<p>“The strong low-pressure system delivered multiple rounds of high winds and heavy rain to the northern and eastern parts of the country,” said NASA. “Some areas remained flooded on April 19, when Landsat 9 passed over the region for the first time since the storms.”&nbsp;</p>



<p>Climate experts attribute such extreme weather events to <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/limiting-global-warming-to-1-5-degrees-celsius-would-save-billions-of-lives/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">global warming</a>. According to a report from Reuters, researchers anticipate that climate change will lead to hotter temperatures, increased humidity, and a greater risk of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/seeking-ways-to-prevent-flooding-caused-by-climate-change/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">flooding</a> in parts of the Gulf region. “Countries like the UAE where there is a lack of drainage infrastructure to cope with heavy rains can suffer the most,” the report stated.&nbsp;</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-more-about-the-united-arab-emirates-nbsp">More about the United Arab Emirates&nbsp;</h2>



<p>The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation of seven emirates located on the eastern side of the Arabian Peninsula. It borders Oman and Saudi Arabia, and has maritime borders with Iran and Qatar in the Persian Gulf. Established as a federation in 1971, the UAE has rapidly developed into one of the most modern and wealthy nations in the world, largely thanks to its vast oil and natural gas reserves.</p>



<p>Abu Dhabi serves as the capital and is the largest emirate, both in terms of land area and economy, largely because it holds the majority of the UAE's oil reserves. Dubai is the most populous city and is renowned globally for its spectacular skyscrapers, including the Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world, as well as its bustling ports, and vibrant tourism and shopping sectors.</p>



<p>The UAE has a diverse and multicultural society with a significant expatriate population, drawn by business opportunities and the tax-free living in many sectors. The official language is Arabic, though English is widely spoken, especially in business and educational settings.</p>



<p>Politically, the UAE is a federal absolute monarchy. It is governed by a Supreme Council of Rulers made up of the seven emirs, who appoint the prime minister and the cabinet. The country has made significant strides in terms of infrastructure and healthcare, and it continues to invest heavily in various sectors including renewable energy, education, and technology.</p>



<p>Culturally, the UAE balances its rapid modernization with a strong commitment to traditional Arab culture. The heritage of the desert Bedouin lifestyle is celebrated with falconry, camel racing, and traditional dance remaining integral to its cultural festivities. The nation is also a major hub for international arts and sports events, enhancing its global profile and cultural footprint.</p>



<p>Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory&nbsp;</p>



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Storms dumped record rainfall in the United Arab Emirates

View,Of,The,Device,Of,An,Oil,Drilling,Rig

<p>Earth's surface bears the visible scars of human activities, from greenhouse gas emissions to deforestation. However, the impact of human intervention extends far beyond what meets the eye, reaching hundreds of meters to several kilometers beneath the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/new-model-reveals-the-evolution-of-the-earths-surface/#google_vignette" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">planet's surface</a> into Earth's deep subsurface. </p>



<p>This hidden realm, often overlooked, is now the subject of disturbing research by hydrology experts. Jennifer McIntosh, a professor in the University of Arizona's <a href="https://has.arizona.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences</a>, and her colleagues have delved into the ways humans influence Earth's deep subsurface. </p>



<p>"We looked at how the rates of fluid production with <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/oil-and-gas-production-linked-to-77-billion-in-annual-health-care-costs/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">oil and gas</a> compare to natural background circulation of water and showed how humans have made a big impact on the circulation of fluids in the subsurface," McIntosh explained.</p>



<p>In a paper published in the journal <em>Earth's Future</em>, they shed light on the significant impact of human activities on the circulation of fluids in this subterranean zone.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Deciphering the hidden world in motion beneath our feet</h2>



<p>The study, led by Grant Ferguson, also from the UArizona, compared the rates of fluid production from oil and gas extraction to the natural background circulation of water. </p>



<p>The findings reveal that human-induced <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/earth-internal-jet-stream-core/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">fluid fluxes</a> surpass the natural flow, and they are projected to increase further with proposed strategies for combating climate change.</p>



<p>These strategies include geologic carbon sequestration, geothermal energy production, and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/fools-gold-may-be-a-valuable-source-of-lithium/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">lithium extraction</a> from underground mineral-rich brine. </p>



<p>"Responsible management of the subsurface is central to any hope for a green transition, sustainable future and keeping warming below a few degrees," emphasizes Peter Reiners, a professor in the <a href="https://www.geo.arizona.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">UArizona Department of Geosciences</a> and a co-author of the study.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-earth-s-subsurface-fluid-fluxes">Earth's subsurface fluid fluxes</h2>



<p>These fluxes transport water, gases, and other substances through the subsurface, influencing everything from groundwater resources to geothermal energy.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Types of subsurface fluid fluxes</h3>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Groundwater flow</h4>



<p><a href="https://www.earth.com/news/groundwater-depletion-is-accelerating-but-it-is-not-inevitable/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Groundwater flow</a> represents the movement of water through porous and fractured rock formations. This flow occurs due to pressure gradients and the force of gravity, allowing water to move from areas of high hydraulic head to areas of low hydraulic head. Groundwater flow plays a vital role in the hydrologic cycle, recharging aquifers and sustaining surface water bodies.</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Hydrocarbon migration</h4>



<p>Subsurface fluid fluxes also include the migration of hydrocarbons, such as <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/millions-of-orphaned-oil-and-gas-wells-litter-the-world-and-must-be-cleaned-up/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">oil and natural gas</a>. These fluids originate from organic-rich source rocks and migrate through permeable rock layers until they encounter traps or seals. Understanding hydrocarbon migration is essential for oil and gas exploration and production.</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Geothermal fluid circulation</h4>



<p>In regions with high <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/underground-water-could-be-a-great-source-of-renewable-energy/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">geothermal gradients</a>, subsurface fluids can circulate through fractures and permeable rock formations, absorbing heat from the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/discovery-ancient-ocean-floor-surrounds-the-earths-core/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Earth's interior</a>. This heated fluid can then rise to the surface, creating hot springs, geysers, and fumaroles. Geothermal fluid circulation is a key factor in the development of geothermal energy resources.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Importance of Earth's subsurface fluid fluxes</h2>



<p>Subsurface fluid fluxes have far-reaching impacts on various aspects of our planet. They influence the availability and quality of groundwater resources, which are essential for human consumption, agriculture, and industrial activities. </p>



<p>Additionally, these fluxes play a crucial role in the formation and distribution of mineral resources, such as ore deposits and petroleum accumulations.</p>



<p>Moreover, subsurface fluid fluxes contribute to the transport and cycling of chemical elements and compounds within the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/unexpected-molten-rock-layer-discovered-under-earths-crust/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Earth's crust</a>. </p>



<p>This process has implications for geochemical cycles, rock-water interactions, and the evolution of subsurface environments.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Human intervention in Earth's fluid dynamics</h2>



<p>In <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/un-chief-fossil-fuel-era-must-end-for-humanitys-survival/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">oil and natural gas</a> production, saline water from the deep subsurface is extracted alongside the targeted resources. This ancient water, often millions of years old, acquires its salinity from the evaporation of ancient seawater or reactions with rocks and minerals. </p>



<p>To maintain reservoir pressures and enhance oil recovery, near-surface water is added to the extracted saline water, and the blended mixture is reinjected into the subsurface, creating a continuous cycle of fluid production and reinjection.</p>



<p>Similar processes occur in lithium extraction, geothermal energy production, and geologic carbon sequestration, where leftover saline water is reinjected into the underground. </p>



<p>"We show that the fluid injection rates or recharge rates from those oil and gas activities is greater than what naturally occurs," states McIntosh.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Rewriting Earth's history through subsurface geology</h2>



<p>Using existing data from various sources, the research team found that current fluid movement rates induced by human activities surpass those that occurred before human intervention. </p>



<p>As carbon capture, sequestration, and lithium extraction intensify, the researchers also predicted how these activities might be recorded in Earth's geological record.</p>



<p>Moreover, human activities have the potential to alter not only the <a href="https://www.earth.com/image/the-geysers-the-worlds-largest-geothermal-field/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">deep subsurface fluids</a> but also the microbes that inhabit those depths. </p>



<p>Fluid movements can modify <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/life-in-the-extreme-microbial-activity-discovered-in-old-faithful/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">microbial environments</a> through changes in water chemistry or by introducing new microbial communities from Earth's surface to the underground. </p>



<p><a href="https://www.earth.com/news/water-fracking-surged/">Hydraulic fracturing</a>, for example, can trigger sudden blooms of microbial activity in previously dormant deep rock formations.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Earth's subsurface is still mostly a mystery</h2>



<p>Despite the significance of these findings, many unknowns remain about Earth's deep subsurface and the extent of human impact on this hidden realm. </p>



<p>"We need to use the deep subsurface as part of the solution for the climate crisis," emphasizes McIntosh. "Yet, we know more about the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/lake-sediments-found-in-jezero-crater-hint-at-past-life-on-mars/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">surface of Mars</a> than we do about water, rocks and life deep beneath our feet."</p>



<p>Continued research and exploration of this enigmatic zone are crucial for understanding the full scope of human influence on our planet and developing <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/international-day-of-zero-waste-a-global-commitment-to-a-sustainable-future/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sustainable strategies</a> for addressing the climate crisis. </p>



<p>While we strive to mitigate the visible effects of human activities on Earth's surface, we must not overlook the hidden impact that extends deep into the subsurface.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-protecting-what-lies-beneath">Protecting what lies beneath</h2>



<p>As we continue to explore and utilize Earth's deep subsurface in our efforts to combat climate change, we must remain mindful of the hidden impact our actions have on this enigmatic realm. </p>



<p>By studying the fluid dynamics, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/climate-change-increases-threat-antimicrobial-resistance/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">microbial communities</a>, and geological record beneath our feet, we can develop a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between human activities and the subterranean world. </p>



<p>This knowledge will be crucial in guiding our strategies for a sustainable future, ensuring that our solutions do not create unforeseen consequences in the depths below. </p>



<p>As we navigate the challenges of the climate crisis, we must approach the subsurface with a spirit of curiosity, responsibility, and respect, recognizing that the key to our success may lie in the mysteries that await us in Earth's hidden depths.</p>



<p>The full study was published in the journal <em><a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2024EF004496" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Earth's Future</a></em>.</p>



<p>-----</p>



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Human activities also greatly harm Earth’s subsurface, not just the landmass

Earth's surface bears the visible scars of human activities, from...

<p>Rivers are not just pathways for water; they are dynamic forces that reshape the landscapes they traverse. Meandering <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/scientists-look-to-mars-to-help-clarify-how-river-paths-change-over-time/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">rivers</a> carve intricate patterns into the Earth as they journey from mountainous regions to the sea, forming valleys, canyons, floodplains, and deltas. </p>



<p>Researchers from <a href="https://www.ucsb.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">UC Santa Barbara</a> have delved into the factors that influence how meandering rivers migrate across landscapes. The findings challenge some established theories and provide new insights into river behavior.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Focus of the study</h2>



<p>“Meandering rivers move gradually across the floodplains, and this river movement presents socioeconomic risks along river corridors and regulates terrestrial biogeochemical cycles. Experimental and field studies suggest that fluvial sediment supply can exert a primary control on lateral migration rates of rivers,” wrote the researchers.</p>



<p>“However, we lack an understanding of the relative importance of environmental boundary conditions, such as floodplain vegetation and sediment supply, in setting the pace of river meandering across different environmental settings.”</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-forces-shaping-meandering-rivers">The forces shaping meandering rivers</h2>



<p>The study was focused on two primary forces that affect the bends in meandering rivers: "bar push" and "bank pull."</p>



<p>Bar push occurs when sediment deposits inside a bend, pushing the river outward. Conversely, bank pull involves erosion on the opposite bank, which further exaggerates the bend. </p>



<p>Interestingly, the research suggests that sediment load - the amount of debris and minerals carried by rivers - plays a more significant role in this outward push than previously thought.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-global-trend-in-meandering-rivers">Global trend in meandering rivers </h2>



<p>Evan Greenberg, the lead researcher and a doctoral geography student, along with his advisor Professor Vamsi Ganti, compiled a comprehensive dataset covering 139 <a href="https://www.earth.com/video/the-lena-river-delta-from-space/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">meandering</a> rivers worldwide. The team analyzed satellite imagery to observe how the paths of these rivers have shifted over time. </p>



<p>"We find a global-scale trend between the amount of sediment that rivers carry and how quickly they’re migrating, across all variables," explained Greenberg.</p>



<p>The analysis revealed that rivers laden with more sediment tend to migrate faster, a significant finding given that many of the world’s major waterways are meandering types. </p>



<p>These river migration patterns are crucial for effective environmental management and urban planning, especially as these waterways affect millions of people living in nearby floodplains.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-vegetation-s-role-in-stabilizing-rivers">Vegetation's role in stabilizing rivers</h2>



<p>Contrary to earlier studies that emphasized the stabilizing effects of vegetation, this new research shows that while vegetation does slow <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/river-profiles-climates/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">river</a> migration, its impact is less significant than previously estimated.</p>



<p>Unvegetated rivers with higher sediment loads were found to migrate up to four times faster than those with similar dimensions but more vegetation.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-dynamics-of-meandering-river-patterns">The dynamics of meandering river patterns</h2>



<p>The interaction of bar push and bank pull creates the characteristic meandering pattern of these rivers. </p>



<p>"You can’t have one dominate the other in a meandering river," said Professor Ganti. He further noted the importance of a balanced interaction between these forces to prevent the transformation of meandering rivers into braided rivers, which can happen if the sediment supply is insufficient.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-dams-and-river-migration-a-unique-case-study">Dams and river migration: A unique case study</h2>



<p>The examination of rivers near <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/humans-have-caused-unprecedented-changes-to-rivers/">dams</a> provided an interesting case study within the research. Dams trap sediment but don't usually affect the vegetation, providing unique conditions to study how sediment load influences river migration. </p>



<p>The observations showed that downstream from dams, where rivers are sediment-starved, migration rates decrease notably.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-predicting-changes-and-managing-risks">Predicting changes and managing risks</h2>



<p>Looking ahead, the researchers plan to extend their analysis to more rivers and varied river types. The goal is to develop a model that predicts river migration through different landscapes, from their sources to their mouths. </p>



<p>This model could prove essential in predicting changes in river behavior due to environmental changes, such as sea-level rise, increased extreme weather events, and shifts in land use, which might lead to increased sediment loads.</p>



<p>In conclusion, understanding how meandering <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/international-day-of-action-for-rivers-lifelines-of-our-planet/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">rivers</a> move is more than an academic pursuit— it's crucial for managing the risks associated with riverbank migration. </p>



<p>"More sediment means that rivers can do more stuff," said Professor Ganti, highlighting the dynamic and ever-changing nature of these fascinating systems. </p>



<p>This ongoing research into river dynamics will aid in the development of strategies to cope with future changes in these mighty rivers.</p>



<p>The study is published in the journal <em><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X24001079" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><u>Earth and Planetary Science Letters</u></a></em>.</p>



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Study reveals new insights into the dynamics of meandering rivers

Rivers are not just pathways for water; they are dynamic...

Resistant,Bacteria,And,Superbug,Organism,Or,Mrsa,Medical,Healthcare,Concept

<p>The world is in trouble – have you ever considered that it's not just rising temperatures and natural disasters we need to worry about? <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthpedia-articles/climate-change/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Clima</a><a href="https://www.earth.com/news/survey-mother-nature-is-more-likely-to-solve-climate-change-than-geoengineering/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">t</a><a href="https://www.earth.com/earthpedia-articles/climate-change/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">e change</a> has a sinister accomplice: antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and together, they're a dangerous pair. </p>



<p>AMR refers to the increasingly worrisome trend of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/beneficial-plant-bacteria-likely-to-decline-due-to-climate-change/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">bacteria</a>, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolving to resist the very drugs designed to kill them.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-climate-change-drastic-impacts">Climate change drastic impacts</h2>



<p>Climate change is known as the threat multiplier for AMR. It has widespread effects that are making our superbug problem significantly worse. Here's how climate change is linked to antimicrobial resistance:</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-warmer-world-means-more-illness">A warmer world means more illness</h3>



<p>Many disease-causing bacteria and other <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/can-soil-microbes-survive-climate-change/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">microbes</a> have historically been limited by geography. Cooler temperatures prevented them from spreading extensively. Climate change disrupts these barriers. </p>



<p>Warmer temperatures allow these pathogens to survive further north or south of their original ranges, and at higher altitudes. </p>



<p>This means that diseases once confined to specific regions could emerge in new areas, posing risks to populations that may not have prior immunity or established medical protocols for treatment.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-stressed-ecosystems-breed-superbugs">Stressed ecosystems breed superbugs</h3>



<p>Disrupted water systems caused by <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/extreme-weather-has-increased-seasonal-insect-activity/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">extreme weather</a> events, such as floods or droughts, can lead to contamination with sewage, agricultural runoff, or other sources carrying drug-resistant microbes. </p>



<p>This contaminated water can then spread these microbes to humans, animals, and crops, increasing the risk of infection and disease. </p>



<p>Additionally, changes in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/cowspiracy-film-review/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">animal agriculture</a> practices, often driven by the need to adapt to extreme weather, can lead to overcrowding or unsanitary conditions. </p>



<p>This creates a breeding ground for drug-resistant microbes to evolve and spread rapidly within animal populations.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-more-infections-more-antibiotics-more-resistance">More infections, more antibiotics, more resistance</h2>



<p><a href="https://www.earth.com/news/iss-climate-change/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Climate</a> change disrupts ecosystems and weather patterns, leading to several consequences that can increase the spread of diseases caused by various microbes. Warmer temperatures, for example, can allow microbes that thrive in warmer environments to expand their geographic range. </p>



<p>Additionally, extreme weather events like floods and droughts can disrupt water systems and sanitation infrastructure, creating ideal breeding grounds for microbes. These factors contribute to a rise in the number of infections and outbreaks of diseases.</p>



<p>The natural response to this increase in illnesses is often an increased reliance on antibiotics, powerful drugs that target and kill specific microbes. However, this increased use of antibiotics creates a selective pressure on the microbial populations. </p>



<p>As with any population under pressure, some microbes will develop adaptations that allow them to survive antibiotic exposure. These adaptations are the mechanisms of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/antibiotic-resistance-increasing-enterococci-looming-global-crisis/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">antibiotic resistance</a>.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-real-world-effects-of-climate-change-on-antimicrobial-resistance">Real-world effects of climate change on antimicrobial resistance</h2>



<p><a href="https://www.earth.com/news/global-temperature-increase-2023-blew-past-all-climate-models/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Climate</a> change is about subtle shifts at the microbial level that are already having serious impacts on our health. The examples below are a snapshot of what could become a widespread crisis.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-bacteria">Bacteria</h3>



<p>Bacteria like&nbsp;<em>Campylobacter</em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>Salmonella</em>, responsible for a significant number of food poisoning cases, are flourishing in warming water. Water systems in homes, food processing, and the environment at large are becoming more hospitable.</p>



<p>Contaminated water means these bacteria spread more easily. They can end up on fresh produce, in meat and poultry during processing, and even in drinking water. The warmer the water, the more these bacteria multiply, increasing our risk of getting sick.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-fungus">Fungus</h3>



<p><em>Candida auris</em>, previously not a major issue for humans, has emerged as a serious threat. One reason is its newfound ability to tolerate warmer and saltier conditions, likely an adaptation driven by the environment changing due to <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/understanding-the-impact-of-climate-change-at-the-national-level/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">climate</a> change.</p>



<p>This fungus is highly drug-resistant and can cause severe infections, particularly in already-sick patients. As the world warms and coastal areas change, this fungus could become much more common, posing risks to hospitals and people with weakened immune systems.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-world-threat">World threat</h3>



<p>Regions with rising average temperatures are also seeing more infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains of&nbsp;<em>E.coli</em>. This correlation, if seen elsewhere in the world, would mean serious trouble. Infections that were once easy to treat may become a major health challenge.</p>



<p>“Climate change compromises the ecological and environmental integrity of living systems and enables pathogens to increasingly cause disease. The impact on water systems, food-producing animals and crops threatens global food supply," explained Professor Sabiha Essack, South African Research Chair in Antibiotic Resistance and One Health at the Antimicrobial Research Unit, <a href="https://ww3.ukzn.ac.za" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of KwaZulu-Natal</a>. </p>



<p>"Human activities associated with population growth and transport, together with climate change increases antibiotic resistance and the spread of waterborne and vector- borne diseases of humans, animals and plants,” Essack concluded.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-melting-ice-from-climate-change-drives-antimicrobial-resistance">Melting ice from climate change drives antimicrobial resistance</h2>



<p>Professor Essack's research raises a critical point: as our planet warms, sea levels are rising at unprecedented rates. This isn't just a threat to coastal communities; it also unlocks a hidden danger – the thawing of permafrost. </p>



<p>Permafrost is permanently frozen ground, mostly in the Arctic regions, that has been like a giant natural deep freezer for millennia.</p>



<p><a href="https://www.earth.com/news/time-traveling-pathogens-from-melting-permafrost-pose-great-risk-to-the-earth/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Melting permafrost</a> releases previously frozen soil, organic matter, and even trapped organisms. These organisms, including ancient microbes, have been entombed for vast stretches of time. </p>



<p>Some of these microbes may carry genes for antibiotic resistance, genes they never needed in their frozen state but which could now pose a serious threat.</p>



<p>The released microbes and their antibiotic resistance genes can <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-do-deadly-microbes-travel-around-the-world-so-quickly/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">travel far and wide</a>. Ocean currents can carry them across vast distances, potentially introducing them to new ecosystems. </p>



<p>Even ships can act as unintentional transporters, carrying microbes in ballast water (water taken on board to ensure stability) that is then released in different ports.</p>



<p>The emergence of antibiotic-resistant microbes from permafrost adds another layer of complexity to the already concerning issue of AMR. </p>



<p>These ancient microbes may have unique resistance mechanisms, posing new challenges for our existing antibiotics. This further emphasizes the need for international collaboration and research to address this evolving threat.</p>



<p>While rising sea levels grab headlines, the hidden consequences of permafrost thaw are a stark reminder of the interconnectedness of our planet. <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/38-trillion-dollars-per-year-economic-losses-expected-from-climate-change/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Climate</a> change disrupts these delicate natural systems, and the consequences can be far-reaching and long-lasting.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-halting-climate-change-and-antimicrobial-resistance">Halting climate change and antimicrobial resistance</h2>



<p>Climate change alone is bad enough, but how we respond to it exacerbates the AMR crisis. Population growth, increased travel, and shifts in agriculture in response to disasters lead to more disease transmission and inappropriate use of antibiotics.</p>



<p>"Climate change has facilitated movement and proliferation of AMR. To deal with this threat, we will need unequivocal political leadership and commitment; strong global and local policy frameworks and governance; evidence-based, innovative 'One Health' solutions, and implementation research to adapt successful interventions to country contexts," explains Prof Essack.</p>



<p>“These partnerships must include a wide range of societal interests that will suspend interests of individual sectors for the public good. Initiatives that aim to make progress in climate change or AMR should join forces and highlight each other to make clear their mutual benefits," she concluded.</p>



<p>It sounds dire, but it doesn't mean we're powerless. Calling on our leaders to prioritize climate action and support the "One Health" approach (which recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health) are crucial steps.</p>



<p>Dealing with both climate change and antibiotic resistance isn't going to be easy, but it's time we all woke up to this interconnected threat. Understanding the problem is the first step toward finding those smart, innovative solutions we need.</p>



<p>The study is part of <em>ESCMID Global Congress (formerly ECCMID) Barcelona, 27-30 April</em>.</p>



<p>-----</p>



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Climate change fuels the rise of global antimicrobial resistance

The world is in trouble – have you ever considered...

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<span style="font-weight: 400;">How does fertilizer help extinguish wildfires? Today&#8217;s </span><b>Video of the Day</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> from the </span><a href="https://www.acs.org/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">American Chemical Society</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> explains why fertilizer is dumped around the perimeter of a wildlife to help keep it contained. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Long-term flame retardant is made of 85 percent water, 10 percent fertilizer, and five percent of other material such as clay. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Iron oxide gives the flame retardent its red color, which is used to help the firefighters see where retardant has been dropped. As seen above in the video they show How does fertilizer help extinguish wildfires? , they The coating clings to vegeation and insulates it from the approaching inferno; the fertilizer helps the damaged areas regrow in the wake of the blaze. The powdery concoction is a key ingredient of a multi-pronged firefighting strategy; after the air drop, bulldozers and ground crews move in to cut a fire break designed to halt the advancing flames.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The fertilizer is not used to extinguish a fire, but is used to help prevent a large fire from spreading. As the air heats up from the flames, the fertilizer reacts with the cellulose from trees and other vegetation that serve as fuel for a wildfire. The reaction produces water vapor that cools the surrounding fuel so that it will be less likely to catch on fire. </span></p>
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<p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">By </span></i><a href="http://csexton@earth.com"><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Chrissy Sexton</span></i></a><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span></i><a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Earth.com</span></i></a><i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Staff Writer</span></i></p>
<p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Video Credit: American Chemical Society</span></i></p>
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