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For people struggling with opioid addiction, the ability to enjoy life’s simple pleasures - such as the sound of laughter, the warmth of the sun, or the sight of a smiling baby - can slowly fade. Cravings for opioids can be eased due to a new form of therapy. 



This emotional numbness is one of addiction’s cruelest effects, often pushing people deeper into dependence in a desperate attempt to feel something again. But now, there’s a new kind of therapy that appears to help.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-opioid-recovery-boosted-by-new-therapy">Opioid recovery boosted by new therapy</h2>



In a new study, researchers from the <a href="https://ucsd.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of California San Diego</a> explored a treatment called Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement, or MORE. This therapy is designed to change how the brain processes pleasure. 



The team found that it not only improves mood and emotional awareness, but also helps reduce opioid cravings. The findings, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, add to growing evidence that MORE may be an effective tool in the fight against opioid use disorder (OUD).



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-pain-treatment-fuels-opioid-use">How pain treatment fuels opioid use</h2>



Every year, millions of people are prescribed opioids to help manage <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/people-with-chronic-pain-have-high-rates-of-depression-and-anxiety/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">chronic pain</a>. But for some, what begins as a treatment can spiral into dependency. 



As the body builds tolerance, individuals often need higher doses to feel the same relief. Over time, their ability to feel <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/pets-increase-life-satisfaction-as-much-as-marriage-or-close-friendships/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">joy in everyday life</a> begins to disappear. This emotional flattening becomes a powerful driver of addiction.



The researchers explain that MORE offers a different approach. Developed by a professor of psychiatry at UC San Diego School of Medicine, this therapy blends mindfulness training, cognitive behavioral techniques, and positive psychology. 



The goal is to help people better manage their cravings, reduce their pain, and, perhaps most importantly, rediscover joy.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-opioids-reshape-brain-activity-patterns">Opioids reshape brain activity patterns</h2>



In the study, 160 participants with chronic pain - some with OUD and some without - were enrolled from primary care and pain clinics. They were asked to complete a task designed to measure their emotional response to positive imagery. 



These included pictures of things such as sunsets, puppies, or happy faces. They also filled out surveys tracking their cravings and emotional states.



For a subset of these participants who were at risk of misusing opioids, the researchers randomly assigned them to one of two groups. 



One group received eight weeks of one-on-one MORE therapy. The other participated in a standard supportive group therapy. Afterward, all of the participants repeated the emotional task and filled out follow-up surveys for up to three months.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-restoring-the-capacity-to-feel-pleasure">Restoring the capacity to feel pleasure </h2>



The results were telling. People with OUD showed a much weaker response in the brain when looking at pleasant images. This blunted reaction was directly tied to stronger opioid cravings. 



However, those who went through the MORE program experienced a shift. Their brains responded more strongly to positive stimuli - and their cravings were cut in half compared to those in standard therapy.



“<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/brain-discovery-offers-hope-for-tackling-opioid-addiction/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Opioid addiction</a> decreases the brain’s ability to experience natural healthy pleasure, driving increased cravings for the drug,” said Eric Garland, the study’s lead author. “Our research shows that MORE helps restore this capacity, reducing cravings and potentially preventing opioid misuse.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-power-of-one-on-one-therapy">The power of one-on-one therapy </h2>



This isn’t the first time the therapy has shown promise. Over the past two decades, MORE has been tested in more than 10 randomized clinical trials, involving over 1,000 participants. 



In a 2022 study of 250 patients, the therapy reduced opioid misuse by 45% at a nine-month follow-up - almost three times more effective than group therapy alone. Half of the patients also reported less chronic pain.



In 2023, another study found that when MORE was added to standard <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/oxytocin-cuddle-hormone-fosters-love-boosts-memory-and-may-cure-addiction/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">addiction</a> care, the relapse rate dropped by 42%, and treatment dropout was 59% lower compared to standard care alone.



The therapy has also gained attention for its potential economic impact. Backed by the National Institutes of Health, Garland’s research estimates that for every dollar spent on MORE, there’s an estimated $798 in cost savings. 



These savings come from fewer fatal <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/tiktok-videos-provide-a-lifeline-to-prevent-opioid-overdoses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">overdoses</a>, lower healthcare expenses, less criminal justice involvement, and improved work productivity. Over a lifetime, the benefit per person treated is projected to exceed $320,000.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-more-therapy-helps-alleviate-opioid-cravings">MORE therapy helps alleviate opioid cravings</h2>



While the findings are promising, the researchers say more work is needed. “This study is a crucial step, but we need more large-scale and long-term research to fully understand how treatments like MORE can help heal the brain to enhance recovery from opioid addiction,” noted Garland.



“Multiple rigorous, well-controlled clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of the MORE therapy. It is now the right moment to partner with policymakers, healthcare organizations and administrators of the opioid legal settlement to disseminate this evidence-based treatment nationwide to help alleviate the opioid crisis.”



As the opioid epidemic continues to affect families across the country, therapies like MORE offer a fresh and much-needed approach - one that doesn’t just target the symptoms, but helps people reconnect with the joy of living.



The full study was published in the journal <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2833307" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">JAMA</a>.



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Finding joy again: New therapy eases opioid cravings

For people struggling with opioid addiction, the ability to enjoy life’s simple pleasures - such as the sound of laughter, the warmth of the sun, or the sight of a smiling baby - can slowly fade. Cravings for opioids can be eased due to a new form of therapy. This emotional numbness is one of addiction’s cruelest effects, often pushing people deeper into dependence in a desperate attempt to feel something again. But now, there’s a new kind of therapy that appears to help. Opioid recovery boosted...

Researchers at the <a href="https://www.amsterdamumc.org/en/about/organization/about-amsterdam-umc.htm" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Amsterdam University Medical Center</a> have made a significant discovery regarding the persistent <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/mental-fatigue-impairs-athletic-performance/">fatigue</a> experienced by long Covid patients. 



The experts have identified a biological cause for this debilitating symptom: reduced energy production by mitochondria in muscle cells.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-focus-of-the-study-nbsp">Focus of the study&nbsp;</h2>



The study participants, including 25 long Covid patients and 21 healthy controls, were subjected to a 15-minute cycling test.&nbsp;



The test resulted in a prolonged worsening of symptoms in the long-Covid group, known as post-exertional malaise (PEM). This exacerbation of fatigue occurs after physical, cognitive, or emotional exertion, beyond an individual's tolerance.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-muscle-tissue-changes">Muscle tissue changes</h2>



"We're seeing clear changes in the muscles in these patients," said Professor Michèle van Vugt. These changes were evident in blood and muscle tissue analyses conducted one week before and one day after the cycling test.



"We saw various abnormalities in the muscle tissue of the patients. At the cellular level, we saw that the mitochondria of the muscle, also known as the energy factories of the cell, function less well and that they produce less energy," explained Professor Rob Wüst.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-critical-insights">Critical insights</h2>



"So, the cause of the fatigue is really biological. The brain needs energy to think. Muscles need energy to move. This discovery means we can now start to research an appropriate treatment for those with long Covid," said Professor van Vugt.&nbsp;&nbsp;



One of the theories about long Covid is that coronavirus particles may linger in the body. "We don't see any indications of this in the muscles at the moment," said Van Vugt.&nbsp;



Furthermore, heart and lung functions appeared normal in the patients, indicating that the persistent fatigue is not due to abnormalities in these organs.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-implications-for-treatment-nbsp">Implications for treatment&nbsp;</h2>



The findings have significant implications for managing the symptoms of persistent Covid. The results suggest that intense exercise is not always good for patients with long Covid.&nbsp;



"A low exercise capacity is one of the hallmark signs of long Covid, associated with a substantial burden for daily life," wrote the researchers. "The ventilatory and central cardiovascular system did not limit exercise capacity in long Covid patients, but our results confirm previous suggestions of a peripheral impairment in skeletal muscle metabolism in long Covid patients."



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-advice-for-patients-nbsp-nbsp">Advice for patients&nbsp;&nbsp;</h2>



Brent Appelman, a researcher at Amsterdam UMC, advises patients to exercise within their own limits. "In concrete terms, we advise these patients to guard their physical limits and not to exceed them."&nbsp;



"Think of light exertion that does not lead to worsening of the complaints. Walking is good, or riding an electric bike, to maintain some physical condition. Keep in mind that every patient has a different limit," said Appelman.&nbsp;



"Because symptoms can worsen after physical exertion, some classic forms of rehabilitation and physiotherapy are counterproductive for the recovery of these patients," added Professor van Vugt.&nbsp;



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-understanding-long-covid">Understanding long Covid</h2>



An estimated one in eight patients develop long Covid, also known as post-Covid syndrome (PCS). A major study involving nearly 10,000 Americans found that long Covid can affect almost every tissue and organ in the body, with symptoms like fatigue, brain fog, dizziness, and gastrointestinal issues.&nbsp;



Notably, long COVID was more prevalent and severe in those infected before the 2021 Omicron variant. Researchers also identified 12 symptoms that most distinguish long Covid cases, including post-exertional malaise and issues with sexual desire or capacity. 



Further research has proposed several mechanisms for long Covid pathogenesis, including immune dysregulation, microbiota disruption, autoimmunity, clotting and endothelial abnormality, and dysfunctional neurological signaling.&nbsp;



Studies have observed alterations in immune cells, such as T cells and B cells, in individuals with long Covid, as well as elevated levels of certain cytokines. Elevated levels of autoantibodies have also been found in long Covid patients.



The study is published in the journal <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44432-3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nature Communications</a>.



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Cause of fatigue in long Covid patients has finally been revealed

Researchers at the Amsterdam University Medical Center have made a...

Researchers from the <a href="https://www.sdu.dk/en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Southern Denmark</a> have discovered a significant link between hearing loss and the heightened risk of developing <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/dog-owners-are-much-less-likely-to-develop-dementia/">dementia</a>. 



The extensive study, involving over half a million participants, sheds new light on the cognitive challenges posed by hearing impairments.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-comprehensive-analysis-nbsp">Comprehensive analysis&nbsp;</h2>



For the investigation, the researchers analyzed data from 573,088 individuals. The study is the largest of its kind to date. 



"Previous studies have suggested that there could be a link between hearing loss and dementia. Our study is larger than the previous studies, and we have demonstrated a link between hearing loss and dementia," said Professor Manuella Lech Cantuaria.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-understanding-the-link">Understanding the link</h2>



Hearing loss, particularly in severe cases, requires individuals to expend more mental energy in listening, which may detract from other cognitive functions vital for brain health. 



These cognitive functions include the mental processes necessary for thinking, problem-solving, and similar activities.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-insights">Key insights</h2>



The results of the study are alarming yet informative. The team found that individuals with hearing loss have an increased risk of developing dementia by up to 13 percent compared to those with normal hearing.&nbsp;



The risk escalates with the severity of hearing loss. Severe hearing impairment was associated with a 20% greater risk of dementia.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-role-of-hearing-aids">The role of hearing aids</h2>



The researchers also examined whether there was a difference in dementia risk based on the use of hearing aids. The results suggest that hearing aids might prevent or delay the onset and progression of dementia.



"We found that the risk of developing dementia was 20% higher for people who didn’t wear hearing aids compared to people with normal hearing. People who used hearing aids had a 6% increased risk of developing dementia. This suggests that wearing a hearing aid can prevent or delay the development of dementia," explained Professor Cantuaria.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-broader-implications">Broader Implications</h2>



The study's implications are profound, especially considering the growing number of dementia cases worldwide.&nbsp;



Around 800,000 Danes currently suffer from hearing loss, a number expected to rise due to increasing life expectancy and noise exposure.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-more-about-dementia-nbsp">More about dementia&nbsp;</h2>



Dementia is a broad term that describes a decline in cognitive function that is severe enough to interfere with daily life. It primarily affects memory, but also significantly impairs other mental functions like reasoning, problem-solving, and language skills.&nbsp;



Unlike normal aging, where memory might gradually diminish, dementia can cause dramatic changes in personality, behavior, and the ability to perform everyday tasks.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-alzheimer-s-disease-nbsp">Alzheimer's disease&nbsp;</h3>



The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer's disease, which accounts for a substantial percentage of cases. Alzheimer's is characterized by a buildup of certain proteins in and around brain cells, leading to cell death and brain shrinkage over time.&nbsp;



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-other-types-of-dementia-nbsp">Other types of dementia&nbsp;</h3>



Other types of dementia include vascular dementia, often caused by stroke or other conditions affecting blood flow to the brain, and Lewy body dementia, marked by abnormal protein deposits in brain cells.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-symptoms">Symptoms</h3>



Symptoms of dementia can vary widely, but they typically start gradually and worsen over time. Early signs might include simple forgetfulness, confusion with time or place, difficulty in finding the right words, or changes in mood and personality.&nbsp;



As the condition progresses, symptoms become more pronounced, leading to more profound memory loss, difficulties in communication, and a decline in the ability to care for oneself.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-treatment">Treatment</h3>



Dementia is primarily a condition of older age, but it is not an inevitable part of aging. Its exact causes are still not fully understood, but factors like genetics, lifestyle, and overall health play a role.&nbsp;



There is currently no cure for most types of dementia, but there are treatments that can help manage symptoms. These include medications to improve symptoms or slow progression, as well as various therapies like cognitive stimulation and lifestyle changes to support brain health.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-research">Research</h3>



Research continues to advance in understanding dementia, with a focus on early detection, prevention strategies, and finding more effective treatments. The condition's impact on individuals, families, and healthcare systems underscores the importance of ongoing support and education for those affected.



The study is published in the journal <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2023.3509" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head &amp; Neck Surgery</a>.



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Hearing loss linked to a greater risk of dementia

Researchers from the University of Southern Denmark have discovered a...

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Researchers have unveiled insights into an unexpected relationship between cannabis use and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/this-exercise-routine-can-cut-your-risk-of-early-death-in-half/">exercise</a>. The study suggests that marijuana can boost motivation and make exercise more fun, but does not enhance performance.



The study was led by Laurel Gibson and Angela Bryan from the University of Colorado Boulder's Center for Health and Addiction: Neuroscience, Genes and Environment (<a href="https://www.colorado.edu/center/cuchange/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">CU Change</a>). 



The team examined the effects of legal, commercially available cannabis on exercise, particularly focusing on runners' experiences.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-studying-cannabis-and-exercise">Studying cannabis and exercise</h2>



The research comes a decade after Colorado initiated legal recreational marijuana sales, aligning with an increasing trend of cannabis users integrating it into their exercise routines.&nbsp;



"Given the stereotype that cannabis is associated with extreme sedentary behavior, there are concerns that cannabis legalization may exacerbate the US physical inactivity epidemic," wrote the team. 



"However, despite these concerns, recent years have seen considerable public interest in the use of cannabis concurrently with exercise."



The study's primary objective was to understand how cannabis influences the perception and enjoyment of exercise.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-the-study-was-conducted-nbsp">How the study was conducted&nbsp;</h2>



The researchers recruited 42 Boulder-area runners who were already combining cannabis with their running routines. The participants were assigned to use either a CBD-dominant or a THC-dominant strain.&nbsp;



The volunteers performed separate treadmill runs, with and without the influence of cannabis, and their experiences were meticulously documented.



The study revealed that using cannabis before exercise boosts positive mood and enjoyment, regardless of whether THC or CBD is used. However, THC, known for its more intoxicating effects, made exercise feel more demanding.



Contrary to enhancing performance, participants in the THC group reported that their running felt harder. This aligns with previous findings that cannabis use can slow down runners, making it clear that cannabis is not a performance enhancer.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-sedentary-lifestyle-epidemic">Sedentary lifestyle epidemic</h2>



Natural endorphins have long been credited with inducing “runner’s high,” a state of euphoria and alertness that kicks in after an extended period of exercise. However, newer studies have linked runner's high to brain chemicals known as endogenous cannabinoids.



By consuming CBD or THC, cannabinoids which bind to the same receptors as the cannabinoids our brain makes naturally, athletes might be able to tap into that high with a shorter workout or enhance it during a long one, said Gibson.



Study senior author Professor&nbsp;Angela Bryan emphasized the potential of cannabis as a tool to combat the sedentary lifestyle epidemic. The research is particularly intriguing for its implications for people who struggle with motivation or enjoyment in exercise.



“We have an epidemic of sedentary lifestyle in this country, and we need new tools to try to get people to move their bodies in ways that are enjoyable,” said Professor Bryan. “If cannabis is one of those tools, we need to explore it, keeping in mind both the harms and the benefits.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-implications-of-cannabis-and-exercise">Implications of cannabis and exercise</h2>



While the findings are promising, the researchers caution against indiscriminate use of cannabis for exercise. Risks such as dizziness and loss of balance, especially in high-performance sports, cannot be overlooked.



"To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the acute effects of commercially available cannabis on subjective responses to exercise in a laboratory environment," wrote the study authors.&nbsp;



"Our findings suggest that, among regular cannabis users who use cannabis in combination with exercise, cannabis use prior to exercise may lead to increases in both positive and negative aspects of the subjective exercise experience."



The research is published in the journal <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01980-4" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sports Medicine</a>.



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Cannabis makes exercise more fun

Researchers have unveiled insights into an unexpected relationship between cannabis...

In a study from <a href="https://wsu.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Washington State University</a>, researchers have uncovered a significant correlation between the proximity of older adults to green and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/blue-and-green-spaces-are-beneficial-in-all-stages-of-life/">blue spaces</a> and their mental and physical well-being. 



The study offers compelling evidence that even small increases in access to nature can markedly improve the health outcomes of older adults.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-findings">Key findings</h2>



A mere 10% increase in forest space within a person’s ZIP code is linked to a noticeable decrease in serious psychological distress. This type of distress encompasses mental health challenges that necessitate treatment and hinder normal social, occupational, or educational functioning.



Similarly, enhancing green spaces, tree coverage, water bodies, or trail lengths by 10% appears to lower the likelihood of older individuals reporting their overall health as poor or fair.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-the-research-was-conducted-nbsp">How the research was conducted&nbsp;</h2>



The researchers analyzed health survey data from over 42,000 people aged 65 and above residing in urban areas of Washington state, spanning the years 2011 to 2019.



The experts related the health outcomes of these individuals to various measures quantifying their access to nature within their residential areas.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-comprehensive-analysis-nbsp">Comprehensive analysis&nbsp;</h2>



Initially presented at the American Academy of Neurology Annual Meeting in April 2023, the research focused solely on the link between psychological distress and proximity to natural spaces.



The final study expanded to include additional metrics such as green space percentage and trail length, also taking into account demographic variables like race and education.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-public-health-implications-nbsp">Public health implications&nbsp;</h2>



“Our findings suggest that loss of our urban green and blue spaces due to rapid urbanization may not just have an environmental impact but could have a public health impact as well,” said study first study author Adithya Vegaraju, a medical student in the WSU Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine.



Vegaraju said this research is among the first in the U.S. to specifically investigate the relationship between access to nature and health in the older population.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-nature-prescriptions-nbsp">Nature prescriptions&nbsp;</h2>



“Older adults with depression, anxiety or mental health issues are known to be more resistant to medical interventions or talk therapy, which are the go-to treatments for these conditions,” said Vegaraju.&nbsp;



“If exposure to green or blue spaces could help prevent, delay or even treat poor mental health in older adults, we need to look at that more closely as a way to improve mental health outcomes in this population.”



According to Vegaraju, one potential solution could involve "nature prescriptions," a growing trend that involves healthcare providers giving patients written recommendations to spend time outdoors.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-further-research-is-needed-nbsp">Further research is needed&nbsp;</h2>



Senior study author Solmaz Amiri, a research assistant professor in the WSU College of Medicine, said further studies are needed to know exactly how exposure to green and blue spaces may lead to better mental and general health. She plans to study the possible link between nature exposure and cognitive decline, which can be an early sign of Alzheimer’s disease or dementia.



“It is thought that exposure to green and blue spaces could help slow cognitive decline,” said Amiri. “What we would like to know is if green and blue space exposure can influence dementia directly or whether it can do so by reducing mental health issues that may lead to cognitive decline.”



Amiri hopes this research will help resolve health inequities among older adults from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, which may be tied to unequal access to green and blue spaces in the urban areas where they live.



The study is published in the journal <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103148" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Health &amp; Place</a>.



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Access to nature improves the mental health of older adults

In a study from Washington State University, researchers have uncovered...

For nearly two decades, the <a href="https://missouri.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Missouri</a>'s Stay Strong Stay Healthy (SSSH) program has been pivotal in promoting physical <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/new-study-proves-that-you-really-are-what-you-eat/">fitness</a> among older adults. Since its inception in 2005, the program has transcended state boundaries, benefiting over 20,000 seniors across five states.



Designed for individuals aged 60 and above, SSSH offers an eight-week strength training curriculum, emphasizing exercises like squats, bicep curls, and lunges. It's not just about the physical aspect; the program thrives in creating a warm, welcoming environment where seniors can exercise safely and socially.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-helping-older-adults-stay-independent-nbsp">Helping older adults stay independent&nbsp;</h2>



Stay Strong Stay Healthy is led by Professor Stephen Ball from the MU College of Health Sciences. “One thing I always preach when it comes to physical activity is: some is better than none, more is better than some, and too much is difficult to get.”&nbsp;



“As the United States population is aging, I want to make a difference by helping older adults stay independent as they age and send the message that you don’t need an expensive gym membership with a personal trainer to stay active. We created a community-based program so older adults can exercise with others who look like them in a more comfortable, social environment," said Professor Ball.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-enormous-benefits-nbsp">Enormous benefits&nbsp;</h2>



Participants in the MU Extension program consistently report an increase in physical energy and self-confidence. Furthermore, multiple peer-reviewed studies show that the program improves muscle strength, balance, flexibility and sleep. Notably, the training has been proven to reduce participants’ risk for falling - a big concern for aging adults.&nbsp;



“Another benefit we often hear about is the social enjoyment participants have spending time with other older adults,” said Professor Ball. “While it is certainly not expected, participants sometimes take the instructors out for lunch or ice cream after class as a sign of gratitude, appreciation and friendship.”



The program comprises two levels, each spanning eight weeks. A recent study attesting to the success of the Level 2 class found that participants not only maintained but also improved their health gains from Level 1. This advancement is a testament to the program's structured and effective approach.&nbsp;



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-invaluable-opportunities-nbsp">Invaluable opportunities&nbsp;</h2>



The benefits of Stay Strong Stay Healthy extend to MU students as well, offering them invaluable opportunities to lead classes and hone essential skills like relationship-building and leadership.&nbsp;



“I learned the importance of making the participants feel comfortable - a skill you can only really learn through experience - and I feel like I learned as much from the participants as they learned from me,” said Audrey Guess, an undergraduate student instructor majoring in Health Sciences. “I was originally thinking about a career in pediatrics, but now I think I want to continue to help older adults.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-looking-ahead">Looking ahead</h2>



Professor Ball aims to secure evidence-based status from the National Council on Aging (NCOA), a move that could propel the program to a national platform. Such recognition would not only enhance funding opportunities but also reinforce the program's commitment to reducing fall risks among older adults, thus promoting their independence and quality of life.



MU's Stay Strong Stay Healthy program is more than just a fitness initiative. It's a movement championing the health and independence of older adults, proving that age is just a number when it comes to staying active and healthy.



“We are proud of our impact so far, and we’re just getting started,” said Professor Ball. “Because of the popularity and success of our program, we’re piloting a Level 3 class to help participants continue their forward momentum. Not only are we changing the lives of the participants by improving their health as they age, we are also providing professional development opportunities for our students at MU as well.”



The study is published in the <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07334648231199996" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Journal of Applied Gerontology</a>.



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Stay Strong Stay Healthy program shows that fitness has no age limit

For nearly two decades, the University of Missouri's Stay Strong...

The rise in popularity of the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/americas-demand-for-avocados-linked-to-escalating-crisis-in-mexico/">avocado</a>, a staple on the tables of health enthusiasts and toast aficionados alike, has brought with it a range of overlooked consequences.&nbsp;



This multifaceted issue is eloquently explored by Honor May Eldridge, a seasoned food policy expert, in her latest work, "<a href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781003371915/avocado-debate-honor-may-eldridge" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Avocado Debate</a>." Eldridge's book delves into the complexities surrounding this iconic fruit, which has become a symbol of much more than mere healthy eating.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-globally-celebrated-superfood-nbsp">Globally celebrated superfood&nbsp;</h2>



Eldridge's expertise in sustainable agriculture shines through as she discusses the avocado's journey from a humble fruit to a globally celebrated superfood.&nbsp;



"The avocado has come to represent so much more than just a fruit. It’s wrapped up with ideas of generational conflict, environmental chaos and social injustice. Over the last century, through careful marketing, it has evolved into a commodity crop with a huge social media following,” Eldridge explained.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-informed-choices-nbsp">Informed choices&nbsp;</h2>



"The Avocado Debate" is not an indictment of the fruit or its fans; instead, it aims to illuminate the hidden impacts of our food choices. Eldridge's approach is educational, not accusatory. She believes in informed choices.&nbsp;



“Everything we eat has an impact – good and bad. We all just need to be more knowledgeable about those consequences so we can make more informed choices. We shouldn’t demonize the avocado,” said Eldridge.&nbsp;



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-environmental-and-social-impacts">Environmental and social impacts</h2>



In the past 30 years, avocados have transformed from a regional specialty to a global sensation. Eldridge traces this evolution, highlighting the pivotal role of historical and contemporary marketing strategies in its rise to fame. She critically examines the polarizing narratives surrounding avocados, urging a more balanced view of their environmental and social impacts.



The book also tackles the ethical and environmental challenges posed by avocado farming. From the strain on water resources to the use of fertilizers and pesticides, Eldridge doesn't shy away from the difficult questions. She examines the broader implications of avocado production, such as land use changes that threaten ecosystems and local communities, and the complex dynamics between the Global North and South.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-broader-implications-of-our-food-choices">Broader implications of our food choices</h2>



Eldridge also sheds light on certification schemes like Fairtrade and Organic. While acknowledging their benefits, she also points out their limitations, emphasizing the need for a multifaceted approach to food choices that takes into account affordability and sustainability.



"The Avocado Debate" transcends its subject, serving as a lens to view the broader implications of our food choices. Eldridge encourages readers to look beyond black-and-white narratives, recognizing the nuances in our food system. She hopes to inspire a more informed and responsible approach to food consumption.&nbsp;



As she puts it, “my goal is to encourage readers to recognize the complexity of our food system and understand that no food is inherently 'good' or 'bad.’ The debate needs to move beyond simplistic portrayals and embrace the intricate reality of our choices.”



The book is a valuable resource for anyone interested in understanding the implications of their dietary decisions, offering insights into the ethical and environmental aspects of food production and consumption.



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The Avocado Debate: Understanding the impacts of our food choices

The rise in popularity of the avocado, a staple on...

Blood,Samples,For,Hdl,Cholesterol,(good,Cholesterol),And,Ldl,Cholesterol

A recent study has revealed a surprising twist in the narrative about "good" <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/food-can-work-as-well-as-medication-to-lower-cholesterol/">cholesterol</a>, HDL (High-density lipoprotein).&nbsp;



Contrary to its long-held reputation for cardiovascular benefits, high levels of HDL are now linked with an increased risk of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-good-vs-bad-cholesterol-nbsp">Good vs. bad cholesterol&nbsp;</h2>



Traditionally, HDL has been celebrated for its role in cardiovascular health. It absorbs cholesterol from the blood and transports it to the liver for removal, which is why it's been deemed "good."&nbsp;



Low-density lipoprotein, the so-called "bad" cholesterol, is known for transporting cholesterol particles throughout the body, contributing to the build-up of plaque in arteries, a leading cause of heart disease and stroke.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-focus-of-the-study">Focus of the study</h2>



However, the findings from a study published in the journal <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanwpc/article/PIIS2666-6065(23)00281-X/fulltext#secsectitle0145">Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific</a> suggest a complex relationship between high-density lipoprotein and brain health.&nbsp;



The study involved tracking over 18,600 individuals aged 65 and above for six years, during which 4.6 percent of participants developed dementia.&nbsp;



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-findings">Key findings</h2>



Surprisingly, those with very high HDL levels faced a 27 percent increased risk of dementia, with the risk spiking to 42 percent in individuals aged 75 and older.



The research team from Australia clarified that these increased risks were independent of other traditional dementia risk factors such as physical activity, education, diabetes, smoking, or alcohol consumption.&nbsp;



The experts defined "very high" levels of HDL as 80 mg/dL or higher, a rarity in the study and not typically associated with dietary factors but possibly indicative of underlying metabolic disorders. The correlation between high HDL levels and increased dementia risk echoes the findings of a study from 2022.&nbsp;



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-further-research-is-needed-nbsp">Further research is needed&nbsp;</h2>



Dr. Monira Hussain, the first author and a senior research fellow at <a href="https://www.monash.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Monash University</a>'s School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, emphasized the need for further research to understand this phenomenon. 



"While we know HDL cholesterol is important for cardiovascular health, this study suggests that we need further research to understand the role of very high HDL cholesterol in the context of brain health.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-broader-implications-nbsp">Broader implications&nbsp;</h2>



The study's implications extend beyond the scientific community to potentially impact medical practice. The ease of measuring cholesterol levels and the possibility of influencing them through lifestyle changes position cholesterol as a potential biomarker for dementia risk.



Currently, approximately 5.8 million Americans are living with Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia, primarily affecting those over 65. This number is projected to nearly double by 2050. The exact cause of Alzheimer's remains a subject of debate, but abnormal protein build-ups in the brain are believed to play a significant role.



"What we are learning now is that there is a lot more nuance to HDL’s role in the body. As a result, I usually explain to patients that it is more 'neutral' than 'good,'" said cardiologist Corey Bradley. This statement underscores the complexity of cholesterol's impact on the body, signaling a shift in how medical professionals may approach cholesterol management in the context of overall health.



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“Good” cholesterol may increase the risk of dementia

A recent study has revealed a surprising twist in the...

Researchers at <a href="https://www.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">UC Riverside</a> have found new evidence that may help motivate you to ditch a high-fat diet in the new year. 



According to the study, diets that are high in fat affect genes linked to obesity, colon cancer, the immune system, and brain function. The team found that high fat intake may also elevate the risk of COVID-19 infection.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-focus-of-the-research-nbsp">Focus of the research&nbsp;</h2>



For the investigation, the researchers fed mice three different high-fat diets (with at least 40% of calories from fat) over 24 weeks. These diets included saturated fat from coconut oil, monounsaturated fat from modified soybean oil, and polyunsaturated fat from unmodified soybean oil.&nbsp;



The experts analyzed genetic changes in all four parts of the intestines, alongside examining the microbiome.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-surprising-genetic-alterations">Surprising genetic alterations</h2>



The study revealed significant changes in gene expression across all diets when compared to a low-fat control diet.&nbsp;



“Word on the street is that plant-based diets are better for you, and in many cases that’s true. However, a diet high in fat, even from a plant, is one case where it’s just not true,” said study senior author Professor Frances Sladek.



The research highlights the extensive impacts of these diets, including major shifts in gut bacteria and fat metabolism genes.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-alarming-findings">Alarming findings</h2>



One of the more alarming discoveries was the detrimental effect of high-fat diets on genes regulating immunity and infectious diseases.&nbsp;



“We saw pattern recognition genes, ones that recognize infectious bacteria, take a hit. We saw cytokine signaling genes take a hit, which help the body control inflammation,” said Sladek.&nbsp;



‘So, it’s a double whammy. These diets impair immune system genes in the host, and they also create an environment in which harmful gut bacteria can thrive.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-additional-insights-nbsp">Additional insights&nbsp;</h2>



The study revealed an association between high-fat diets and increased expression of ACE2 and other proteins, which facilitate COVID-19 entry into the body.



Furthermore, the team observed that high-fat food increased signs of stem cells in the colon. “You’d think that would be a good thing, but actually they can be precursors to cancer,” explained Sladek.&nbsp;&nbsp;



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-changes-in-gene-expression-nbsp">Changes in gene expression&nbsp;</h2>



Coconut oil showed the greatest number of changes in gene expression, followed by the unmodified soybean oil. The researchers noted that negative changes to the microbiome in this study were more pronounced in mice fed the soybean oil diet.&nbsp;



The experts had previously documented negative health effects of high soybean oil consumption. In 2015, they found that soybean oil induces obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, and fatty liver in mice.&nbsp;



In 2020, the researchers demonstrated that soybean oil can also affect genes in the brain related to conditions like autism, Alzheimer’s disease, anxiety, and depression.&nbsp;



In the current study, the team found that the expression of several neurotransmitter genes were changed by the high-fat diets, confirming that diet can impact the gut-brain axis.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-concerning-results">Concerning results</h2>



The researchers emphasized that these findings only apply to soybean oil, and not to other soy products, tofu, or soybeans themselves. “There are some really good things about soybeans. But too much of that oil is just not good for you,” said UCR microbiologist Poonamjot Deol.



While the findings are based on mouse studies and may not fully translate to humans, the similarities in working DNA between the two species make the results concerning. The high consumption of soybean oil in the United States is particularly alarming.&nbsp;



“Some fat is necessary in the diet, perhaps 10 to 15%. Most people though, at least in this country, are getting at least three times the amount that they need,” said Deol.&nbsp;



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-study-implications-nbsp">Study implications&nbsp;</h2>



The experts noted that there is no need to panic over one or two meals, considering it was the long-term effects of a high-fat diet (24 weeks) that caused the observed changes in mice.



“In human terms, that is like starting from childhood and continuing until middle age. One night of indulgence is not what these mice ate. It’s more like a lifetime of the food,” said Deol.&nbsp;



Still, the researchers hope the study will cause people to closely examine their eating habits. “Some people think, ‘Oh, I’ll just exercise more and be okay. But regularly eating this way could be impacting your immune system and how your brain functions,” said Deol. “You may not be able to just exercise away these effects.”



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-49555-7" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Scientific Reports</a>.



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High-fat diets linked to unexpected health risks

Researchers at UC Riverside have found new evidence that may...

In a study that redefines our understanding of the mind-body connection, <a href="https://www.harvard.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Harvard</a> psychologists Peter Aungle and Ellen Langer have demonstrated that perceived time can significantly affect the rate of physical <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/blueberries-could-be-key-to-treating-non-healing-wounds/">healing</a>. 



The research challenges long-held views about the psychological factors influencing physical health, suggesting a more complex interplay than previously thought.



According to the researchers, this is the first study to demonstrate that perceived time can affect physical healing independent of actual time. 



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-focus-of-the-study-nbsp">Focus of the study&nbsp;</h2>



"Open Google Scholar and start typing 'mind body' into the search box. The top two suggested search terms are 'mind body problem' and 'mind body connection.' Select 'mind body connection,' and Google Scholar returns more than 5 million results," noted the study authors. "The top results link to papers that cover the topics of emotion, chronic pain, and placebos."



"In some domains, the simultaneous and bidirectional influences of mind on body and body on mind are intuitive and increasingly well-studied, as indicated by the 5 million results returned on Google Scholar. But in other domains, the ability of the mind to shape physical health is overlooked, discounted, or rejected altogether."



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-an-interesting-theory">An interesting theory</h2>



"The purpose of this study was to test whether manipulating perceived time, while holding real time constant, would affect physical healing," wrote the researchers.



"More specifically, we hypothesized that experimentally induced wounds would heal faster when more perceived time had passed and heal slower when less perceived time had passed, despite no differences in actual elapsed time."



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-the-research-was-conducted-nbsp">How the research was conducted&nbsp;</h2>



The study involved a standardized procedure where volunteer subjects were mildly wounded. The novel aspect of this research lies in the manipulation of perceived time in a controlled laboratory environment.&nbsp;



Subjects experienced three different conditions: Slow Time (where time appeared to move at half its normal speed), Normal Time (real-time), and Fast Time (double the speed of normal time).&nbsp;



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-surprising-results">Surprising results</h2>



The results were nothing short of astonishing. As predicted by the experts, wounds healed significantly faster when participants believed more time had passed.&nbsp;



Conversely, when subjects perceived that less time had gone by, the healing process was slower. This occurred despite the actual time elapsed being the same across all conditions.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-broader-implications">Broader implications</h2>



The study opens up new avenues for understanding the mind-body connection and how psychological factors impact physical health. It suggests that our abstract beliefs about time and the body's functioning can directly shape our physical health outcomes. 



The researchers are now focusing on uncovering the underlying mechanisms behind these findings and exploring the broader implications for both psychological and physical health treatments.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-rethinking-mind-body-health">Rethinking mind-body health</h2>



Traditionally, the psychological influences on physical health have been understood in terms of emotional and behavioral impacts, such as stress affecting immune function or beliefs promoting healthy actions.&nbsp;



This research, however, indicates that our understanding of these influences needs to be broadened. Incorporating the concept of mind-body “unity” in future research and treatments could ultimately revolutionize health and healing, emphasizing the power of perception and belief in our physical well-being.



"These data and the larger body of research of which they are a part suggest that - at the very least - neglecting the role of the mind when trying to understand any behavior of the body is risky at best and reckless at worst."



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50009-3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nature Scientific Reports</a>.



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Mind-body connection: Wounds heal faster if we think more time has passed 

In a study that redefines our understanding of the mind-body...

Clock,Painted,On,Male,Face,To,Portray,Aging,Or,Bio

Vision, a complex process, relies on the conversion of different wavelengths of light into electrical impulses that are decoded as colors and brightness in the brain. 



Photoreceptors in the retina, known as cones, facilitate sharp, detailed, and colored vision under sufficient light. 



On the other hand, rods contribute to vision in low light conditions, allowing us to distinguish different shades of gray but with less precision. 



The electrical impulses are then transmitted to ganglion cells in the retina and further processed by the visual cortex in the brain, resulting in the perception of a colored image.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-light-color-and-impact-on-sleep">Light color and impact on sleep</h2>



It's important to note that ambient light not only enables us to see, it also influences our sleep cycle and circadian rhythm. 



Specialized ganglion cells, like the cones and rods, are sensitive to light and react strongly to short-wavelength light at around 490 nanometers. 



When exposed to light consisting solely of short wavelengths between 440 and 490 nanometers, we perceive it as blue. 



If such light activates the ganglion cells, they signal to the internal clock that it is daytime. The intensity of the light per wavelength becomes the decisive factor, rather than the perceived color.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-rods-cones-and-colors">Rods, cones, and colors</h2>



Dr. Christine Blume from the Centre for Chronobiology of the <a href="https://mcn.unibas.ch/de/divisions/chronobiology/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Basel</a>, who investigates the effects of light on humans, raises the question of whether the cones and, consequently, the color of light also influence the internal clock. 



"The light-sensitive ganglion cells also receive information from the cones. This raises the question of whether the cones, and thereby the light colour, also influence the internal clock," Dr. Blume explains. 



"After all, the most striking changes in brightness and light color occur at sunrise and sunset, marking the beginning and end of a day," says Blume.



In a 2019 study conducted on mice, it was suggested that yellowish light has a stronger influence on the internal clock than blueish light. However, in humans, the main effect of light on the internal clock and sleep is likely mediated via the light-sensitive ganglion cells. 



Dr. Blume adds, "There is reason to believe that the color of light, which is encoded by the cones, could also be relevant for the internal clock."



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-studying-the-effects-of-light-color">Studying the effects of light color</h2>



To uncover the truth behind these hypotheses, the research team exposed 16 healthy volunteers to blueish or yellowish light stimuli for one hour in the late evening. A white light stimulus was included as a control condition. 



The light stimuli were carefully designed to differentially activate the color-sensitive cones in the retina, while the stimulation of the light-sensitive ganglion cells remained consistent across all three conditions. This allowed the researchers to isolate the specific effects of color on the internal clock and sleep.



"This method of light stimulation allows us to separate the light properties that may play a role in how light effects humans in a clean experimental way," says Manuel Spitschan, Professor of Chronobiology and Health at the <a href="https://www.tum.de/en/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Technical University of Munich</a>, who was also involved in the study.



In the sleep laboratory, the researchers assessed whether the color of the light had an impact on the participants' internal clocks. 



They also evaluated the time it took for the volunteers to fall asleep, the depth of their sleep at the beginning of the night, their reported tiredness, and their ability to react, which naturally declines as sleepiness increases.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-findings-on-light-color-sleep-and-internal-clocks">Findings on light color, sleep and internal clocks</h2>



The results of the study indicate that the variation of light color, along a blue-yellow dimension, plays no relevant role in the human internal clock or sleep. This contradicts the results of the mouse study mentioned above. 



"We found no evidence that the variation of light color along a blue-yellow dimension plays a relevant role for the human internal clock or sleep," says Dr. Blume. 



"Rather, our results support the findings of many other studies that the light-sensitive ganglion cells are most important for the human internal clock," says the scientist.



Manuel Spitschan believes that this study contributes to bridging the gap between basic research and practical applications. 



He remarks, "Our findings show that it is probably most important to take into account the effect of light on the light-sensitive ganglion cells when planning and designing lighting. The cones and therefore the color play a very subordinate role."



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-blue-light-implications-and-future-research">"Blue light" implications and future research</h2>



It remains to be examined whether the color of light has no effect on sleep under altered parameters, such as prolonged light exposure or varying time frames. Follow-up studies are needed to address these questions and provide further insights into the relationship between light color, the internal clock, and sleep.



Experts frequently advise that the short-wavelength "blue light" emitted by smartphones and tablets disrupts our biological rhythms and sleep patterns. 



As a result, using these devices early in the evening or enabling their night shift mode, which diminishes short-wavelength light and imparts a yellowish tint, is recommended. 



However, Dr. Blume notes that this yellowish adjustment is an unnecessary by-product. "Technologically, we can reduce the short-wavelength light in these displays without altering the color, but commercial mobile phones have yet to adopt this approach," she explains.



In summary, this study dispels the myth surrounding the influence of light color on the human internal clock and sleep. While light-sensitive ganglion cells play a significant role, the color of light, as encoded by cones, is less relevant. 



As future research delves deeper into this subject, it is crucial to recognize the pivotal role of light-sensitive ganglion cells in designing lighting solutions that promote healthy sleep patterns and support overall well-being.



The full study was published in the journal <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-023-01791-7" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nature Human Behavior</a>.



-----



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-----

Color of light has no impact on our internal clocks or sleep patterns

Vision, a complex process, relies on the conversion of different...

A recent international study has shed light on the specific exercise routines linked to significantly reduced mortality rates.&nbsp;



This research, spanning across four nations and delving into the health habits of half a million Americans, unveils a precise workout regimen that could potentially cut one’s risk of premature death in half.



<h2 id="h-focus-of-the-study">Focus of the study</h2>



The team of researchers from Spain, Australia, Canada, and Denmark meticulously examined medical records and survey responses of healthy Americans aged 18 and above.&nbsp;



The experts analyzed data and death records to determine the optimal time and type of exercise that would reduce the risk of mortality from various causes.



<h2 id="h-the-perfect-workout">The perfect workout</h2>



The researchers discovered that a blend of moderate to intense cardiovascular activities, complemented by weight training, may be the perfect workout routine.&nbsp;



This weekly routine includes one hour and 15 minutes of moderate activities like brisk walking, a minimum of two and a half hours of more intense exercises such as running or swimming, and at least two sessions dedicated to muscle-strengthening activities like weightlifting.&nbsp;



Remarkably this regimen was associated with a 50 percent lower risk of death from any cause.



However, the researchers emphasize that any physical activity, even in smaller doses, is vastly superior to a sedentary lifestyle. They pointed to a recent study which revealed that a brisk 11-minute daily walk could cut early death risks by nearly a quarter.



<h2 id="h-how-the-research-was-conducted">How the research was conducted&nbsp;</h2>



This groundbreaking study hinged on data sourced from 22 iterations of the US National Health Interview Survey, spanning from 1997 to 2018.&nbsp;



The survey's participants, predominantly female and white, had an average age of 46. After analyzing their exercise patterns, the researchers compared this data with the causes of their deaths.&nbsp;



Those with conditions such as cancer, heart disease, lung disease, and stroke, or those who passed away within the initial two years of the survey's follow-up, were intentionally excluded from the analysis.



The researchers split physical activity regimens into 48 categories, including every conceivable blend of moderate aerobic, vigorous aerobic, and muscle-strengthening exercises.&nbsp;



<h2 id="h-greatest-risk-reduction">Greatest risk reduction</h2>



The experts found that the "highest statistically significant risk reduction" was tied to 75 minutes of moderate aerobic activities, over 150 minutes of intense aerobic exercises, and a minimum of two muscle-strengthening sessions weekly.



Interestingly, this challenges the World Health Organization's current recommendations, which lean towards more moderate exercise and less vigorous activity.



<h2 id="h-reducing-the-risk-of-heart-attack-stroke-and-cancer">Reducing the risk of heart attack, stroke, and cancer</h2>



The experts also discovered exercise patterns tied to specific causes of death. To combat risks from heart disease or stroke, two and a half to almost four hours of moderate exercise, combined with a little over an hour of intense activity and two muscle-strengthening sessions, led to a staggering 70 percent drop in risk.&nbsp;



Conversely, for cancer-related mortality, more than five hours of moderate exercise, coupled with one hour and 15 minutes of vigorous activity and two muscle-strengthening sessions, reduced the risk by 56 percent.



The research is published in the journal <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2807854?guestAccessKey=5d4ae503-89fb-434a-97f1-6f57e87fec5b&amp;utm_source=For_The_Media&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=ftm_links&amp;utm_content=tfl&amp;utm_term=080723">JAMA Internal Medicine</a>.&nbsp;



<h2 id="h-physical-activity-and-mental-health">Physical activity and mental health&nbsp;</h2>



Physical activity also has a range of benefits for mental health. It is directly related to improved overall well-being.



<h3 id="h-mood-enhancement">Mood enhancement</h3>



Physical activity releases endorphins, which are natural mood lifters. It can help alleviate feelings of depression and anxiety.



<h3 id="h-stress-reduction">Stress reduction</h3>



Exercise reduces levels of the body's stress hormones, such as adrenaline and cortisol. It also stimulates the production of endorphins.



<h3 id="h-improved-sleep">Improved sleep</h3>



Regular physical activity can help you fall asleep faster and enjoy deeper sleep. Sleep is crucial for mental well-being.



<h3 id="h-boosted-self-esteem">Boosted self-esteem</h3>



Meeting exercise goals or challenges, even small ones, can boost your self-confidence. Getting in shape can also make you feel better about your appearance.



<h3 id="h-brain-health">Brain health</h3>



Physical activity increases the heart rate, which pumps more oxygen to the brain. It also aids the release of hormones that provide an excellent environment for the growth of brain cells.



<h3 id="h-cognitive-function">Cognitive function</h3>



Exercise stimulates the growth of new connections between cells in many important cortical areas of the brain, enhancing memory and cognitive functions.



<h3 id="h-reduction-in-anxiety">Reduction in anxiety</h3>



The chemicals released during and after exercise can help people with anxiety disorders calm down.



<h3 id="h-combat-addiction">Combat addiction</h3>



Exercise can help in addiction recovery. The brain releases dopamine, the "reward chemical," in response to any form of pleasure, including substance use. However, exercise can help recreate this dopamine "high" in a healthier way.



<h3 id="h-increased-social-interaction">Increased social interaction&nbsp;</h3>



Joining a fitness group or a gym can provide a social outlet, which can benefit mental well-being.



<h3 id="h-meditative-aspects">Meditative aspects</h3>



Activities like running or swimming can have a meditative effect on the mind, providing a mental "break" and reducing day-to-day worries.



While physical activity is beneficial for mental health, it's important to note that individuals with mental health issues should consult with professionals about the most effective treatments. Exercise can complement but not replace traditional forms of therapy or medication in certain cases.



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This exercise routine can cut your risk of death in half

A recent international study has shed light on the specific...

It's the beginning of a new year, and many people will carry with them a laundry list of resolutions and unreasonably high expectations into 2024. However, if we just listen to the experts, this could be the year that we set realistic goals and actually follow through with them.



According to research, around 40 percent of Americans make New Year's <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/2024-resolutions-better-parenting-and-family-health-are-top-priorities/">resolutions</a>, but only around nine percent of them will reach these goals.



Many experts agree that the biggest reason our resolutions fail is because the goals we are setting are not very specific. For example, making a resolution to lose weight is too general and does not include a plan of action or a way to track your progress.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-why-resolutions-don-t-work">Why resolutions don't work</h2>



Beyond setting goals that are too broad, people are often setting too many goals. In an article for Entrepreneur, Biztuition CEO Julie Christopher explained why New Year's resolutions often do not work and can actually make matters worse.



"Unfortunately, most of us create too much resistance by injecting too many resolutions and goals into our minds,” said Christopher. “This process results in setting too many expectations and creating unrealistic goals. We end up with a long list of trying to do everything at once, relying on our emotions to keep us motivated until we achieve them.”



“Change just one of your habits that creates the most change. I discovered that making just one small change in your daily repetitive routine is a crucial step to alleviate the resistance that comes with change.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-expectations-of-others">The expectations of others</h2>



Psychotherapist Jonathan Alpert, author of “Be Fearless: Change Your Life in 28 Days,” pointed out that many of us have a tendency to make New Year's resolutions that are influenced by the expectations of others and do not reflect what we actually want.



“Goals need to be made for the individual,” Alpert told Business Insider. “So often, people seem to be influenced by their friends, their family, what they see in society. I think it's important for people to set goals that are for themselves and unique to themselves.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-lack-of-meaningful-resolutions">Lack of meaningful resolutions </h2>



Dr. Karen Lawson is the director of the Integrative Health Coaching program at the University of Minnesota’s Center for Spirituality &amp; Healing.



“Many people don’t make their own resolutions out of what’s most meaningful and desirable for them but they set it out of what other people told them they need to do out of fear or guilt,” Dr. Lawson told CBS News. “So the motivation doesn’t come from within but comes from the outside and that doesn’t tend to lead to success.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-acknowledge-a-setback-and-move-on">Acknowledge a setback and move on</h2>



Dr. Lawson also emphasized the importance of being compassionate with ourselves and celebrating our successes along the way. She said that it is best to simply acknowledge when we have a setback and move on.



“People on the whole tend to be harder on themselves than they are with other people. They tend to beat themselves up,” said Dr. Lawson. “So when we have a day when we fall down on the diet, instead of telling yourself that you’re weak or bad, tell yourself that you had a bad day and that tomorrow’s a new day to start over.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-blank-slate-of-a-new-year">The blank slate of a new year</h2>



According to <a href="https://www.uwhealth.org/">UW Health</a> psychologist Shilagh Mirgain, the blank slate of a new year can be a great opportunity for people to reset and create a different kind of future for themselves. Dr. Mirgain <a href="https://www.uwhealth.org/news/setting-goals-instead-resolutions-key-to-better-2022">provided the following steps</a> to help people create meaningful goals instead of basic resolutions:



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-reflect-on-the-past-year">Reflect on the past year</h3>



Identify and examine what went right and what was challenging by asking yourself what you want to bring with you into the new year? What do you want to leave behind? What brings you joy and a sense of fulfillment? What would make you a healthier you?



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-envision-your-best-year">Envision your best year</h3>



Picture your life one year from now and envision how you want to feel. You could write it down as a day in the life of you – who are you around, how is your work life, how do you experience your body and your health, finances, emotions, spirit. Consider picking one word that captures this image as your intention for the 12 months ahead.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-set-some-realistic-goals">Set some realistic goals</h3>



Set a few goals that you want to work towards. Goals are about who you are becoming and not about just giving yourself more to do. Goals need to be for you, it’s your life. If you are doing it for someone else, take it off your list.&nbsp;



Goal-setting should be energy giving not energy draining and should excite you enough to make these goals happen. Once you are clear about your goal, break it down into measurable steps. Think about creating daily, weekly, or monthly action steps that move you in the direction of your larger vision for the year.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-plan-and-anticipate-obstacles">Plan and anticipate obstacles</h3>



Plan for the challenges that could arise so you can anticipate how you will overcome them. Have a support team in place to encourage you when you feel like giving up. The main reasons people fail include a failure to plan for setbacks, having unrealistic expectations for their goals and not making a commitment to what they are working towards.&nbsp;



Revisit your goals from time to time to keep them top of mind, celebrate successes, adjust accordingly and recommit to action steps to stay on track.



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How to set realistic goals and achieve them in 2024

It's the beginning of a new year, and many people...

Scientists are transforming chocolate into a functional food by infusing it with probiotics and prebiotics, aiming to create a treat that satisfies cravings while supporting gut health. 



The challenge lies in maintaining chocolate's beloved texture and flavor while adding health benefits.



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Probiotics - beneficial microbes that balance gut bacteria and aid digestion - are typically fragile and can be destroyed by stomach acid or processing. 



Prebiotics act as food for these microbes, helping them thrive. Together, they form "synbiotics," a powerful health combination.



Researchers Smriti Gaur and Shubhi Singh from India's Jaypee Institute of Information Technology took an innovative approach, using natural prebiotics like corn and honey instead of complex processing methods. 



They created five chocolate varieties: a control and four synbiotic versions containing different combinations of prebiotics, probiotics (Lactobacillus strains), and flavor enhancers (cinnamon or orange).



Laboratory simulations of human digestion showed the probiotics remained viable for over five hours, suggesting they could survive long enough to benefit gut health.



Taste tests were positive, with researchers particularly enjoying the orange-flavored variety, describing it as having "vibrant citrus notes" complementing the "rich cocoa" with a "luxurious" texture.



This research represents just the beginning. With further refinement of strains, textures, and flavors, chocolate could evolve beyond mere indulgence to become a functional food that nourishes while it delights.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsfoodscitech.4c00741" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ACS Food Science &amp; Technology</a>.

Is chocolate the next nutritional powerhouse?

Scientists are transforming chocolate into a functional food by infusing...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Nushagak Bay, a large estuary in southwest Alaska. Nushagak runs mainly north to south and exits in Bristol Bay, a large body of water in the Bering Sea.



"The bay is primarily fed by the Nushagak River, which begins in the Alaska Range and flows southwest approximately 450 km. The bay is also fed by several additional rivers including the Wood, Igushik, Snake and Weary rivers," says ESA.



"The dark colors of the Nushagak River are most likely due to tannins or lignins (chemical substances found in plants). Tannins and lignins from roots, leaves, seeds, bark and soil can leach into the water and give it a brown or even black colour. The sediments then flow southwards where it is mixed with the bluer waters of the bay."



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Nushagak Bay in southwest Alaska

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> (ACS) reveals that proteins on flu viruses are actually flexible, tilting and waving in a “breath-like” motion. According to the experts, these proteins could be used to better defend against the flu.



"The main antigenic targets of influenza virus are two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Whereas the structural and dynamical properties of both glycoproteins have been studied previously, the understanding of their plasticity in the whole-virion context is fragmented," wrote the researchers.



To investigate, the team conducted detailed simulations of the influenza A H1N1 virion, or the swine flu. The experts concluded that the visualizations show many new vulnerable states of flu viruses, which could improve future vaccines and antiviral drugs.



Video/ Image Credit: American Chemical Society&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Flu viruses are more flexible than expected

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Lake Trasimeno, which is located west of Perugia in central Italy. It is the fourth largest lake in the country. While Trasimeno’s water level varies, it has a maximum depth of approximately six meters.&nbsp;



"In this Copernicus Sentinel-2 image, captured on 6 August 2022, the lake’s emerald green colour is likely due to the presence of phytoplankton. Streaks in the water, particularly visible in the west, indicate the presence of soil and sediments which have been stirred up by winds. Dark colored waters in the southern part of the lake indicate a presence of submerged and floating macrophytes (aquatic plants) as well as algae," says ESA.



"Surrounded by hills on three sides, Trasimeno is subject to heavy storms created by winds, especially from the north and west. There are three islets in the lake: Maggiore, Minore and Polvese (the largest). The lake’s shores are sparsely inhabited with only two popular villages: Castiglione del Lago and Passignano sul Trasimeno."



"Italy is experiencing its worst drought in 70 years which has affected drinking water supplies, hydroelectric power and agricultural production. High temperatures, hot winds and lack of rainfall are the main causes of drought in the Umbrian region which saw Lake Trasimeno’s drop 1.3 m, reaching the limit of the hydrometric zero in July 2022."



Video/Image Credit: ESA&nbsp;



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By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Lake Trasimeno in Central Italy

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> describes a new self-powered nanosensor that can instantly detect mercury contamination with the tap of a finger.&nbsp;



The oxidized form of mercury can be harmful when it is ingested through contaminated water or food. This makes it necessary for experts to develop sensors that can quickly and accurately detect the presence of mercury.&nbsp;



Zong-Hong Lin and colleagues have now created a triboelectric nanosensor (TENS) that can detect mercury by simply by touching a sample. According to the researchers, their TENS could serve as the basis for similar devices to safely and remotely monitor other pollutants.



Video Credit: American Chemical Society&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Detecting mercury contamination with the tap of a finger

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> explores the ability of salt to transform the way that foods and beverages taste. Salt is known to cover up undesirable flavors, such as bitterness in coffee or beer, but how exactly does sodium chloride change the taste of other compounds?



One previous study showed that, not only does salt suppress bitterness, but also enhances sweetness and sourness. Another study revealed that bitterness reduction by salt seems to be happening at the tongue receptor level as well as in the brain.&nbsp;



While it is known that salt taste is mediated by the presence of sodium channels in the form of taste buds, experts believe that there is also an unknown receptor responsible for how we taste salt that has not yet been identified.&nbsp;



Video Credit: ACS Reactions



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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How does salt makes things taste better?

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Santiago, the capital city of Chile. The city is located in the center of the Santiago Metropolitan Region, which has a population of about eight million people.&nbsp;



'The weather of Santiago resembles the Mediterranean climate with dry and warm summers with temperatures reaching up to 35°C (from October to March) and cool and humid winters that can drop to 0°C (from April to September)."



"The city lies in the centre of the country’s central valley around 80 km from the Pacific Ocean to the west and borders Argentina to the east. A tiny part of Argentina is visible in the top-right corner of the image where the mountain crest of the Andes Mountains acts as a divider between the two countries," says ESA.



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Santiago, Chile in South America

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Astronomers at <a href="https://www.jhu.edu/">Johns Hopkins University</a> have created an interactive map of the universe, including the actual position and real colors of 200,000 galaxies. The map allows the public to access data that was previously only available to scientists.



The map was developed using data collected by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. For over two decades, a telescope in New Mexico was aimed at slightly different locations to capture the night sky.&nbsp;



"Growing up I was very inspired by astronomy pictures, stars, nebulae and galaxies, and now it's our time to create a new type of picture to inspire people," said map creator Brice Ménard, a professor at Johns Hopkins. "Astrophysicists around the world have been analyzing this data for years, leading to thousands of scientific papers and discoveries. But nobody took the time to create a map that is beautiful, scientifically accurate, and accessible to people who are not scientists. Our goal here is to show everybody what the universe really looks like."



"In this map, we are just a speck at the very bottom, just one pixel. And when I say we, I mean our galaxy, the Milky Way which has billions of stars and planets. We are used to seeing astronomical pictures showing one galaxy here, one galaxy there or perhaps a group of galaxies. But what this map shows is a very, very different scale."



"From this speck at the bottom, we are able to map out galaxies across the entire universe, and that says something about the power of science."



The <a href="https://mapoftheuniverse.net/">interactive map</a> is available online, where it can be downloaded for free.



Video Credit: Johns Hopkins&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Interactive map of the universe includes 200,000 galaxies

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Lesotho: Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky" Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features northwest Lesotho in South Africa.



According to ESA, Lesotho is the only nation in the world that lies completely above 1,000 m in elevation. The country is famous for its tall mountains and narrow valleys, and is known as Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky."



Out of a population of around two million people, about 80 percent live in rural areas. More than 75 percent of these people are engaged in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/climate-change-will-have-a-global-impact-on-agriculture/">agriculture</a>, including rainfed cereal production and animal grazing.&nbsp;



ESA reports that the country’s agricultural system faces a growing number of issues, with climate-related vulnerabilities such as drought, floods and extreme temperatures occurring more frequently. 



Diamonds are amongst the minerals found in the mountains. Indeed, Lesotho can truly be called the Kingdom in the Sky. Beautiful, culturally rich, safe, affordable, and easily accessible from Durban and Johannesburg, mountainous Lesotho is a vastly underrated travel destination. the Kingdom of Lesotho (Sotho: 'Muso oa Lesotho) is an enclaved country in southern Africa. It is just over 30,000 km2 (11,583 sq mi) in size and has a population of around 2 million.



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer 



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Lesotho: Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky"

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Dublin, the capital and largest city of Ireland. Beyond its pub culture, Dublin is known as a modern culinary destination and a UNESCO City of Literature.



"Dublin is located near the midpoint of Ireland’s east coast in the province of Leinster. The city, which covers an area of around 115 square kilometers, is bordered by the Dublin Mountains, a low mountain range to the south, and is surrounded by flat farmland to the north and west," says ESA.



"The city straddles the River Liffey, which rises in the Wicklow Mountains and flows around 80 kilometers eastwards through the city of Dublin, in which it is canalised and bordered with quays. It then empties into Dublin Bay, an arm of the Irish Sea."



Dublin has an abundance of green spaces, including one of the largest enclosed public parks in any European capital city. Phoenix Park, which was originally formed as a royal hunting park in the 1660s, includes 707 hectares of green space.



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The city of Dublin on Ireland's east coast

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features the province of Zaragoza in northeast Spain. The image was captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission.



"Together with the provinces of Huesca and Teruel, Zaragoza formed the old kingdom of Aragon. Its capital, also called Zaragoza (not visible in this image) is home to around half of Aragon’s population," says ESA.



"The Ebro River can be seen winding its way through the province from west to east in this image. Between its source in the Cantabrian Mountains in the northwest and its delta on the Mediterranean coast, the Ebro River is fed by more than 200 tributaries as it flows 910 km across much of northern Spain."



Since rainfall is very scarce in this region, irrigation in the Ebro basin is critically important. In the valleys surrounding the Ebro River, many fields are used for growing crops such as corn, wheat, and barley.



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The province of Zaragoza in northeast Spain

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Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> reveals the evolution of the Columbia Glacier in southeastern Alaska. Columbia is among the fastest shrinking glaciers in the world, and the video documents its rapid retreat over the years.&nbsp;



Columbia Glacier is a large, multi-branched calving glacier that flows out of the Chugach Mountains to the Prince William Sound.&nbsp;



According to USGS, Columbia had a long history of stability prior to 1980, with a length 41 miles, and small, short-lived advances or retreats.



In the years since 1980, however, satellite images have captured Columbia’s alarming retreat. By using false-color images, scientists can distinguish between snow and ice, open water, vegetation, and rocky debris on the glacier’s surface.



The series of false-color images featured in today's video were acquired over the span of 35 years. You can see that by 2021, the glacier’s main branch had retreated about 15 miles from its initial position.



The Columbia Glacier has also lost more than 50 percent of its volume, mostly due to calving. <a href="https://www.earth.com/video/nasa-reveals-3d-visual-of-an-atmospheric-river/">NASA</a> reports that while climate change likely started the retreat, mechanical processes kept the disintegration going.



The NASA images are provided by Jesse Allen, Robert Simmon, Joshua Stevens, and Lauren Dauphin using data from Landsat satellites, from the U.S. Geological Survey, and data from MODIS on NASA’s Terra satellite. The structure of Columbia’s moraine played a large role in the stability of the glacier before 1980. 



Like other tidewater glaciers, the Columbia built up a moraine over time, and the mixture of ice and rock functioned like a dam keeping out the sea. It was supported on one end by the shoreline and by the underwater terminal moraine at the other.



Video Credit: NASA Earth Observatory/&nbsp; NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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The rapid retreat of the Columbia Glacier

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features the Pyrenees Mountains, which form a natural boundary between France and Spain in southwest Europe.



The mountain range is 430 kilometers in length. It stretches from the Mediterranean Sea on the east to the Atlantic Ocean on the west.



At an elevation of 3404 meters, Pico de Aneto is the highest mountain peak in the Pyrenees, and the third-highest peak in Spain. Pico de Aneto is located in the Posets-Maladeta Natural Park, which spans more than 82,000 acres.&nbsp;



"Geological studies have revealed that the Pyrenees Mountains have been around for longer than the Alps, with their sediments first deposited in coastal basins during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras," reports ESA.



"The entire mountain range formed due to the upwelling of large sedimentary rocks by the collision of the Iberian and the Eurasian plate around 100 to 150 million years ago, followed by intense erosion from ice and water."



The western Pyrenees receive more precipitation due to moisture blowing in from the Atlantic Ocean. The mountain range contains many lakes, several small glaciers, and some of the highest waterfalls in Europe.



Video &amp; Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The Pyrenees Mountains in southwest Europe

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Today's Video of the Day from <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard">NASA Goddard</a> describes two exoplanets that are orbiting a star 218 light-years away. A team of researchers led by the University of Montreal has found evidence that these planets are "water worlds."



The experts used data from NASA’s Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes. They discovered that exoplanets Kepler-138 c and Kepler-138 could be composed largely of water.



"We previously thought that planets that were a bit larger than Earth were big balls of metal and rock, like scaled-up versions of Earth, and that's why we called them super-Earths," explained study co-author Björn Benneke.&nbsp;



"However, we have now shown that these two planets, Kepler-138 c and d, are quite different in nature and that a big fraction of their entire volume is likely composed of water. It is the best evidence yet for water worlds, a type of planet that was theorized by astronomers to exist for a long time."



Video Credit: NASA Goddard



Image Credit: NASA, ESA, and Leah Hustak (STScI)



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Two distant planets may be "water worlds"

[sendtonews key="QIoVYJqRBi-2434608-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from NASA...

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Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard">NASA Goddard</a> describes Earth’s interconnected systems, and how this network is affected by rising temperatures.&nbsp;



During 2020, average global temperatures matched the hottest year on record. The hurricane season was also record-breaking, with many of the storms intensifying at extraordinary speeds. Hot water in the ocean is fuel for hurricanes. The satellite data shows that it's all one interconnected system showing how Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected.



According to NASA, dust swept up from Northern Africa plays a major role in the formation of hurricanes, and is also a key source of fertilization in the Amazon rainforest. As a result of<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/seagrass-wasting-disease-is-fueled-by-climate-change/"> climate</a> change, dust plumes are expected to decline, which will have an effect on vegetation far away.&nbsp;



Images from Earth-observing satellites show how the world’s plant life is affected by natural disasters, fires, and deforestation. Satellites also reveal how widespread changes in vegetation impact waterways,&nbsp; the climate, air quality. Satellites communicate by using radio waves to send signals to the antennas on the Earth. "Earth From Space" is a groundbreaking two-hour special that reveals a spectacular new space-based vision of our planet. 



Video Credit: NASA Goddard&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected

[sendtonews key="JbW4VsY53O-1632195-12187" type="single"] Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected...

Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://welcome.miami.edu/">University of Miami</a> Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science explores how changes in water temperatures have affected tiger shark habitats and movements in the North Atlantic Ocean. The study reveals that rising temperatures have caused the sharks to shift toward the poles over the past 40 years.



“Tiger shark annual migrations have expanded poleward, paralleling rising water temperatures,” explained study lead author Neil Hammerschlag. “These results have consequences for tiger shark conservation, since shifts in their movements outside of marine protected areas may leave them more vulnerable to commercial fishing.”



The researchers analyzed nine years of tracking data from satellite-tagged tiger sharks, combined with four decades of conventional tag and recapture data provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Cooperative Shark Tagging Program.



The experts found that during the last decade of record heat, for every one-degree Celsius increase in water temperatures, tiger sharks migrated further poleward by over 400 kilometers. They also migrated two weeks earlier than usual to waters off the northeastern coast of the United States.



“Given their role as apex predators, these changes to tiger shark movements may alter predator-prey interactions, leading to ecological imbalances, and more frequent encounters with humans,” concluded Professor Hammerschlag.



Video Credit: University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Tiger sharks are shifting poleward as temperatures rise

Today’s Video of the Day from the University of Miami...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> is focused on the melt ponds that emerge during the spring and summer on the Greenland Ice Sheet, which is the largest ice mass in the northern hemisphere.



"Melt ponds are vast pools of open water that form on both sea ice and ice sheets and are visible as turquoise-blue pools of water in this Copernicus Sentinel-2 image," says ESA.



"When snow and ice melts atop glaciers, water flows in channels and streams and collects in depressions on the surface. These melt ponds can speed up the melting of the surrounding ice since they greatly reduce the ice’s ability to reflect sunlight."



"This can create a positive feedback where an increasing number of melt ponds absorb more heat which causes ice cover to melt even faster."



According to ESA, Greenland has been hit with a late-season heatwave that began in early September. This caused the type of melt event that usually occurs in the middle of summer.



"In a recent paper published in Nature Climate Change, scientists found that major sea-level rise from the melting of the Greenland ice cap is now ‘inevitable’ even if the burning of fossil fuels were to halt overnight," says ESA. "Using satellite observations of Greenland ice loss and ice cap from 2000 to 2019, the team found the losses will lead to a minimum rise of 27 cm regardless of climate change."



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Melt ponds on the Greenland Ice Sheet

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> describes a new map of Mars that is providing insight into the planet’s watery past. The map also reveals where future missions could safely land on Mars.&nbsp;



The map has been created over the last decade using observations of water-rich rocks and mineral deposits. The images were captured by ESA’s Mars Express and NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.



"A big surprise is the prevalence of these minerals, with the map revealing hundreds of thousands of water-affected locations in the oldest parts of the planet," says ESA. "The new data will help answer exciting questions about Mars’ climate history, whether water was globally persistent or confined to short, intense episodes, and whether the conditions were ever suitable for life."



"Specifically, the map shows the locations and abundances of aqueous minerals. These are from rocks that have been chemically altered by the action of water in the past, and have typically been transformed into clays and salts."



According to John Carter of the Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), our collective understanding of Mars has been oversimplified. He explained that planetary scientists have tended to think that only a few types of clay minerals on Mars were created during its wet period, then as the water gradually dried up, salts were produced across the planet.



The new map shows that the composition of Mars is much more complicated than what we thought. For example, while many salts formed after Martian clays, there are some salts that are presumed to be older than some of the clays.&nbsp;



“The evolution from lots of water to no water is not as clear cut as we thought, the water didn’t just stop overnight. We see a huge diversity of geological contexts, so that no one process or simple timeline can explain the evolution of the mineralogy of Mars. That’s the first result of our study. The second is that if you exclude life processes on Earth, Mars exhibits a diversity of mineralogy in geological settings just as Earth does,” said Carter.



Video Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The history of Mars is much more complex than we thought

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.stowers.org/">Stowers Institute for Medical Research</a> describes how cavefish adapted to a sedentary lifestyle over tens of thousands of years. 



The experts found that the muscle metabolism of cavefish has been genetically reprogrammed over time. As a result, the animals have experienced major changes in their morphology and behavior. Despite these changes, however, the cavefish remain healthy and fit.



The research may provide new clues about the evolutionary consequences of prolonged physical inactivity in humans.&nbsp;



“It’s no surprise that people are moving less and less as technology has advanced,” said Rohner. “With cavefish, we have a unique system where we can study what might happen if people remained couch potatoes over very, very long periods of time.”



Video Credit: Stowers Institute for Medical Research



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Cavefish are healthy despite their sedentary lifestyle

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Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> some of the most incredible waves in the world, as seen by Landsat satellites.



"With more than 370,000 miles of coastline on Earth, there are plenty of places where epic waves build up, curl over, and hurtle toward the shore.- much to the thrill of surfers," says NASA. "There are some places where these waves are so magnificent that they can be seen from space."



"With the broad perspective of satellites, we can see how these iconic waves develop into the world’s tallest, longest, fastest, and heaviest."



Video Credit: NASA Earth Observatory&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Satellites capture the world's biggest and fastest waves

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