In 2018, a silent threat we encounter daily - plastic chemicals - may have played a role in over 356,000 deaths from heart disease. Unlike dramatic outbreaks or high-profile toxins, this danger came from everyday plastic use.



More specifically, from the chemical di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), used in everything from food containers and IV bags to flooring and plastic wraps. While most people remain unaware of these risks, the scientific community is sounding a loud and urgent alarm.



Recent research led by scientists at <a href="https://nyulangone.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NYU Langone Health</a> brings global clarity to an issue long debated in toxicology circles. Their analysis, grounded in population-level health data and environmental exposure surveys, shows just how far-reaching the consequences of DEHP exposure really are. 



And in doing so, it transforms an abstract <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-normal-plastic-turns-into-dangerous-micro-and-nanoplastics/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">environmental worry</a> into a concrete human cost.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-plastic-chemicals-quietly-harming-the-heart-nbsp">Plastic chemicals quietly harming the heart&nbsp;</h2>



Phthalates like DEHP are used to make plastic flexible and durable. Over time, these chemicals leak from products and enter our bodies through food, water, and even the air. 



Once inside, they break down into several harmful metabolites: MEHP, MEHHP, MEOHP, and MECPP. These compounds affect hormonal systems, metabolism, and cardiovascular health.



The NYU study found that DEHP exposure was responsible for 13.497% of all cardiovascular deaths among adults aged 55–64 in 2018. This figure represents not just numbers but millions of years of life lost. 



The researchers estimated that globally, DEHP caused over 10.4 million years of life lost that year alone. These numbers offer a new lens through which to view our relationship with <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/your-chewing-gum-may-be-full-of-microplastics/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">plastic</a> - not just as a pollution problem, but as a driver of premature death.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-plastic-linked-heart-deaths-in-asia">Plastic-linked heart deaths in Asia</h2>



One of the study’s most revealing findings is the stark global inequality in exposure. DEHP-related heart disease deaths were not evenly distributed. Nearly three-fourths of all such deaths occurred in Asia. 



India alone accounted for more than 103,000. China followed with over 60,000, and Indonesia ranked third. The researchers linked this concentration to rapid industrial expansion in these regions, combined with weaker environmental protections.



The Middle East and South Asia showed the highest DEHP exposure <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/plastic-treaty-is-a-historic-opportunity-to-stop-a-human-health-crisis/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">levels</a>, with some areas having six times the exposure seen in European countries. These areas also saw the highest percentage of cardiovascular deaths attributable to DEHP.



“There is a clear disparity in which parts of the world bear the brunt of heightened heart risks from phthalates,” said study senior author Leonardo Trasande.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-plastic-chemical-triggers-inflammation">Plastic chemical triggers inflammation</h2>



DEHP doesn’t act alone. It breaks down into metabolites that accumulate in the body and influence cardiovascular processes in several ways. 



They act as anti-androgens, interfere with lipid and glucose metabolism, and trigger inflammation in artery walls. These conditions are well-known drivers of heart attacks, strokes, and atherosclerosis.



Studies on human tissues have found microplastics lodged in blood vessels, sometimes near damaged or inflamed areas. This raises concerns that <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/microplastics-linked-to-health-issues-including-cancer-and-infertility/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">plastics</a> not only release harmful chemicals but may also act as physical irritants in the cardiovascular system.



To estimate risk, the NYU team analyzed data on DEHP exposure from urine samples collected globally in 2008. They then matched these exposure levels to mortality data from 2018, using established risk models. The result was a detailed map showing how different levels of DEHP exposure correlated with increased cardiovascular deaths.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-plastic-damages-health-with-trillions-lost">Plastic damages health, with trillions lost</h2>



The toll of DEHP exposure doesn’t stop at lost lives. The study estimates the economic burden to range from $10.2 billion to as high as $3.74 trillion. These numbers include lost productivity, healthcare costs, and the societal value of years of life lost.



Different countries might calculate these costs in various ways. Some use a standard value per lost year of life; others calculate based on income levels. But whichever method is used, the conclusion is the same: phthalate exposure is costing humanity dearly.



“By highlighting the connection between phthalates and a leading cause of death across the world, our findings add to the vast body of evidence that these chemicals present a tremendous <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/drinking-from-plastic-bottles-linked-to-high-blood-pressure-and-heart-problems/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">danger</a> to human health,” said lead author Sara Hyman.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-exposure-levels-and-death-risks">Exposure levels and death risks</h2>



Even within a single country, some people face much higher risks from plastic chemicals. The study found wide gaps between those with the lowest and highest levels of DEHP exposure.



In the United States and Africa, individuals in the top 5% exposure group had up to 30% higher DEHP-related cardiovascular mortality than those with lower exposure.



In contrast, countries in South Asia and East Asia saw elevated risks across the board. That means even people with “average” exposure in these regions faced high mortality risks. This suggests that in such areas, phthalates are deeply embedded in everyday life - from packaging to air to water.



The inequality is not just geographic. It’s also environmental, economic, and systemic. Countries with poor waste management, lax regulation, and high plastic consumption suffer more, especially when older adults are more vulnerable to heart disease.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-regulatory-gaps-and-delays">Regulatory gaps and delays</h2>



The timeline used in the study - 2008 exposure data and 2018 health outcomes - highlights another issue. Many countries implemented DEHP regulations only after 2018.



The European Union, Canada, Australia, and Japan had early restrictions in food packaging and childcare products. However, many countries had no such rules during the study period.



In recent years, some nations, including China and India, have started tightening controls. Yet even now, global regulation remains inconsistent. Many high-income countries continue to export plastic waste to lower-income nations, increasing exposure risks in already vulnerable regions.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-protecting-lives-from-plastic-chemicals">Protecting lives from plastic chemicals</h2>



The global community has taken some initial steps. In 2022, the UN began negotiations for a legally binding treaty to address plastic pollution. But efforts to limit production face strong resistance from petrochemical-producing countries.



This research provides key evidence to support stronger international policies. Reducing DEHP exposure will require more than bans on specific products. It will need coordinated action across supply chains, consumer behavior, waste management, and environmental justice.



Limiting exposure at the highest percentiles - those most affected - could yield the greatest health benefits. And extending bio-monitoring programs to regions without current data could help tailor interventions.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-true-cost-of-plastic-comfort">The true cost of plastic comfort</h2>



Plastics have made life easier in many ways. But their hidden costs are now surfacing. This study, the first of its kind to model global plastic chemical DEHP-related heart disease mortality, shows the damage extends beyond pollution and into our arteries.



By exposing this connection, researchers have given the world a chance to act. Whether governments respond with decisive regulation or continue business as usual remains to be seen. But one thing is clear: the cost of ignoring plastic's effects on health is far too high.



Trasande and his team plan to investigate how reducing DEHP exposure might change mortality outcomes in the future. Their work lays the groundwork for safer, healthier policies around plastics. 



It is now up to global leaders to decide whether they will listen to the science - or continue to pay the price in lives lost.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/ebiom/article/PIIS2352-3964(25)00174-4/fulltext" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EBioMedicine</a>.



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Hidden chemical in plastic may be taking years off your life

In 2018, a silent threat we encounter daily - plastic chemicals - may have played a role in over 356,000 deaths from heart disease. Unlike dramatic outbreaks or high-profile toxins, this danger came from everyday plastic use. More specifically, from the chemical di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), used in everything from food containers and IV bags to flooring and plastic wraps. While most people remain unaware of these risks, the scientific community is sounding a loud and urgent alarm. Recent research led by scientists at NYU Langone Health brings...

Many parents have observed their children struggling with fundamental reading and math skills in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. These concerns are now backed by alarming national test scores, highlighting the impact of the past few years on student <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/air-pollution-is-harming-kids-memory-and-learning/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">learning</a>.



<a href="https://nces.ed.gov/whatsnew/commissioner/index.asp" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Peggy Carr</a>, commissioner of the National Center for Education Statistics (<a href="https://nces.ed.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NCES</a>), has been studying these declines closely. She pointed to remote schooling and widespread disruptions as factors that continue to influence classroom performance.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-joy-for-reading-is-declining">Joy for reading is declining</h2>



Recent <a href="https://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">assessments</a> show that fourth graders experienced an average drop in reading scores from 220 to 215. 



This shift is a sign that pandemic-related <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/toddlers-learn-faster-after-witnessing-impossible-events/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">challenges</a> did not remain a short-term event but lingered, leading to long-term effects on foundational language abilities.



“Student joy for reading is declining. We know that teachers are not asking as much for essay responses to questions,” said Carr. 



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-steep-decline-in-math-scores">Steep decline in math scores</h2>



Eighth graders have experienced an even steeper decline in math scores, dropping an average of eight points compared to previous years. 



The impact is especially pronounced among lower-performing students, and many teachers report needing to provide remedial lessons just to bring students up to speed.



Fourth-grade math scores dropped by 3 points, though higher-performing students in eighth grade are showing small gains compared to last year.



This unusual split has created the biggest gap ever observed between those who score at the top and those at the bottom, according to the analyses.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-some-states-are-seeing-improvements">Some states are seeing improvements </h2>



On the bright side, fourth graders in Alabama posted higher math scores than before the pandemic, and counterparts in Louisiana surpassed old reading marks.



These outcomes highlight that local policies and classroom <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/boredom-can-make-children-more-creative-and-teach-new-skills/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">strategies</a> might be making a difference in certain places.



Education officials are studying these state-level successes to figure out what sets these programs apart. Some specialists suspect an emphasis on simpler, consistent teaching approaches may help students regain their footing in key subjects.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-learning-gaps-in-math-and-reading">Learning gaps in math and reading</h2>



For many families, pandemic schooling was a massive shift that involved virtual platforms, less class time, and fewer group discussions. 



Students in households with limited internet resources had an even harder adjustment, which might have widened existing academic gaps.



According to a <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.3102/0013189X20965918" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">study</a> on pandemic closures, lost instructional time caused significant skill deficits, especially among younger students who need direct support to grasp early reading and math concepts. 



Shorter lessons and fewer chances to practice new skills consistently contributed to the loss of momentum.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-role-of-attendance">The role of attendance </h2>



The new data shows that children who are regularly absent are more vulnerable to falling behind. Students who miss school often struggle to keep up because they lose critical exposure to classroom activities and teacher feedback.



Schools are trying to address this by emphasizing consistent attendance and seeking more engaging lesson plans. 



Educators see these steps as part of the solution for rekindling interest in both reading and math, even though it may take time for big <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/memes-help-students-learn-better-and-boost-engagement/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">improvements</a> to appear.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-rethinking-resources-and-support">Rethinking resources and support</h2>



Access to libraries and reading materials outside of school hours can make a difference, particularly for those who lack them at home.



Some districts are providing extra help after classes, summer catch-up programs, or small-group tutoring to ensure that students receive focused instruction.



Officials are also pushing for better teacher training in reading instruction and strategies for math mastery. They argue that when teachers feel more confident guiding students, learners will benefit from clearer explanations and consistent practice.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-confronting-post-pandemic-stress">Confronting post-pandemic stress</h2>



Academic performance is not the only concern. Children are dealing with emotional and mental hurdles that come from the last few years of unpredictability. 



This stress can reduce their motivation to pick up a book or tackle math equations if they feel overwhelmed.



Experts say schools should offer counseling or mindfulness sessions to help kids regain a sense of balance. Even small steps toward emotional stability may lead to bigger gains in the classroom.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-collective-effort-and-support">Collective effort and support</h2>



Carr described the latest results as sobering, yet educators continue to encourage families to stay hopeful and engaged in their children’s <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/secrets-of-learning-how-the-brain-stores-new-information/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">development</a>.



Many teachers are trying innovative solutions to spark curiosity in reading, including interactive lessons and classroom activities that focus on comprehension.



Some communities are organizing volunteer-based math programs where high school students help younger peers with problems. Early signs of success suggest that a dedicated and collective effort has great potential.



The results are published in the <a href="https://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National Assessment of Educational Progress Report Card</a>.



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Students struggle in basic math and reading after pandemic

Many parents have observed their children struggling with fundamental reading...

Man's,Hands,Cut,Tomato,On,The,Board,For,A,Vegetarian

Modern dating, especially online, can be a challenging endeavor. Striking a balance between authenticity and appeal in our dating profiles can be as tricky as deciding between a spontaneous snapshot or a hilarious one-liner.



If you've ever found yourself wading through uncharted waters of dating, insights from a recent research might save you from the dreaded left swipe!



A group of researchers has shed light on a word that could potentially dampen your dating appeal. 



This revelation doesn't come from a team of seasoned dating coaches but an unexpected source: the <a href="https://en.uw.edu.pl/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Warsaw</a>.



As per their studies, you might want to reconsider flaunting "vegetarian" on your dating profile.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-vegetarian-makes-dating-profile-less-attractive">"Vegetarian" makes dating profile less attractive</h2>



The university study suggests that including "<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/vegetarians-have-different-health-outcomes-due-to-genetics/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">vegetarian</a>" in your dating bio could reduce your overall attractiveness to prospective partners.



Doesn't matter if you're a man or a woman, the verdict stands firm. 



Interestingly, this research also indicates that men identifying as vegetarians might be perceived as less "<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/what-makes-a-human-voice-attractive/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">masculine</a>."



"Women who reject traditional masculinity based on strength and dominance may perceive male vegetarians differently than those who embrace traditional masculinity. This, in turn, may explain why for some women a vegetarian man is 'not a real man'," noted the authors.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-vegetarian-diet-s-impact-on-dating-success">Vegetarian diet’s impact on dating success</h2>



Until now, most of the studies in the romantic realm focused primarily on physical attractiveness, conversational skills, and shared interests. 



Shortage of research on the influence of diet on <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/opposites-attract-usually-not-according-to-a-new-study/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">romantic attraction</a> was noted, leading to this unusual study.



Their methodology involved engaging 404 participants of varying ages (18-82 years), simulating a hypothetical dating app scenario. 



The volunteers viewed four types of dating profiles featuring a vegetarian for ethical reasons, a vegetarian for environmental reasons, a vegetarian for health reasons, and an individual with no specified diet. 



After assessing each profile, participants rated the individual's overall appeal, their openness to date them, and their perceived masculinity or femininity.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-dating-preferences">Dating preferences</h2>



Interestingly, the study pointed to vegetarians being less desirable as potential romantic partners. 



"Compared to vegetarian targets, targets with no diet information were seen most positively in general, more masculine as well as more feminine, and thus more suitable to enter a relationship with," the researchers observed.



Diving deeper into the data, they discovered that profiles depicting a vegetarian for health reasons were the least positively viewed. 



Nevertheless, the reasoning behind such associations was not explored in the study.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-similar-eating-habits-matter-in-attraction">Similar eating habits matter in attraction</h2>



Speculation suggests that shared dietary habits could be a significant factor in these preferences. 



"Since only meat-eaters participated in the study, one explanation for the present finding is that people want to enter relationships with people who are on a similar diet to them," the research team deduced.



This aligns with earlier studies indicating that vegetarians prefer dating other vegetarians. 



The preferences for profiles that didn't mention dietary habits over vegetarians could originate from valuing similarity in romantic <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/relationship-loss-can-lead-to-renewed-sense-of-control/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">relationships</a>. 



"Meat-eaters may believe that vegetarians simply have different values than they do, and those who do not mention their diet might be assumed to be meat-eaters, as a 'default' option," the researchers noted.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-dating-bias-against-vegetarians">Dating bias against vegetarians</h2>



These findings could stir up more research around vegetarian stereotypes and their links to perceived masculinity or femininity. 



Grasping this may provide a better understanding of the reluctance among some men to adopt a vegetarian lifestyle.



While this research may not immediately alter dating trends, it contributes to the broader exploration of human relationships and attraction.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-psychology-of-dating-preferences">Psychology of dating preferences</h2>



While the study highlights a bias against vegetarians, it also raises deeper questions about how personal values influence attraction. 



Dietary choices often go beyond just food - they reflect cultural backgrounds, ethical beliefs, and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/eight-healthy-lifestyle-habits-could-extend-your-life-by-decades/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">lifestyle</a> priorities.



For many, eating habits align with identity and daily routines, making them an essential factor in romantic compatibility.



Psychologists suggest that people gravitate toward partners who validate their worldview. A meat-eater might subconsciously view a vegetarian as someone with conflicting values, even if the difference is only dietary. 



This could explain why dating profiles without diet information were rated more favorably - participants may have assumed these individuals shared their own eating habits by default.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-vegetarians-can-still-find-compatible-partners">Vegetarians can still find compatible partners</h2>



But does this mean vegetarians are at a disadvantage in the dating world? Not necessarily.



Just as people seek similarities in potential partners, niche dating trends continue to rise. Vegetarian-specific dating platforms and communities have gained traction, offering those with plant-based lifestyles a space to connect with like-minded individuals.



At the end of the day, attraction is subjective, and compatibility extends far beyond what’s on the dinner table. 



Whether you're a meat-lover or a plant-based advocate, confidence in your choices and openness to meaningful connections might just be the real secret to dating success.



The full study was published in the <a href="https://spb.psychopen.eu/index.php/spb/article/view/14457/14457.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Social Psychological Bulletin</a>.



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Does 'vegetarian' on your dating profile make you less likely to get a match?

Modern dating, especially online, can be a challenging endeavor. Striking...

Research has consistently demonstrated the cognitive benefits of bilingualism. A new study suggests that these benefits may be even more pronounced in children with autism. 



A team of psychologists and researchers set out to investigate the role of bilingualism in children, with a particular focus on kids with <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/autism-diagnoses-have-almost-tripled-in-the-us-over-the-past-ten-years/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">autism</a>.



Based on a sample of 112 children between the ages of 7 and 12, the team scrutinized the cognitive impacts of speaking two or more languages.



The experts found promising connections between multilingualism and improved executive function.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-bilingualism-and-executive-function">Bilingualism and executive function</h2>



"We discovered that multilingualism is associated with improvements in executive function, which in turn is associated with improvements in autism symptoms," said Lynn Perry, one of the lead researchers.



Executive function refers to <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/experts-identify-key-mental-abilities-that-actually-improve-with-age/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">mental skills</a> essential for focus, planning, remembering instructions, and multitasking. 



While these skills develop over time, children with autism often face challenges with executive functioning, which can impact their ability to handle daily tasks and adjust to new situations. Bilingualism seems to have a positive effect in this area.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-universal-benefits-of-bilingualism">Universal benefits of bilingualism </h2>



The benefits of bilingualism are not exclusive to children with autism. Speaking more than one <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/native-language-is-specially-stored-in-the-brain-for-easy-access/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">language</a> seems to give a cognitive boost to all kids, enhancing skills that are indispensable for thriving in school and future workplaces.



The ability to perceive and respond to the world from another's viewpoint, known as perspective-taking, is another area that bilingualism appears to significantly impact. 



"We also found that multilingual children have enhanced perspective taking skills, or the ability to understand someone else’s thoughts or point of view," noted Celia Romero, another researcher on the team.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-bilingual-advantage">The bilingual advantage </h2>



A theory called joint activation, born from neuroscience, suggests an interesting pattern in the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/bilingual-brain-maintains-youthfulness-with-age/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">bilingual brain</a>. 



With two languages constantly active and battling for usage, the brain continuously shifts between the languages, enhancing executive control. This phenomenon is touted as the "bilingual advantage."



Lucina Uddin is a former professor at the <a href="https://www.as.miami.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Miami College of Arts and Sciences</a> and the current director of the Brain Connectivity and Cognition Laboratory at the <a href="https://www.ucla.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of California, Los Angeles</a>.



"If you have to juggle two languages, you have to suppress one in order to use the other. That's the idea, that inhibition - or the ability to stop yourself from doing something - might be bolstered by knowing two languages," explained Uddin.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-children-exposed-to-multiple-languages">Children exposed to multiple languages </h2>



The research challenges previous concerns that learning multiple languages might overwhelm autistic children.



"I started investigating this to let families know there’s no detriment for their child to learn another language, whether or not they have a neurodevelopmental disorder," said Romero. "We know this through research, but often it takes time to translate that to families, so I hope this study helps address that."



This perspective is shared by Michael Alessandri, the executive director of the Center for Autism and Related Disabilities.



"It is wonderful to have sound research supporting our general recommendation to not restrict language exposures to children in multilingual homes,” said Alessandri. "This will surely bring a sense of relief to many of our families living with loved ones with autism.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-future-research-directions">Future research directions</h2>



The researchers will continue their work by focusing on preschool children and the effect of bilingualism on peer interactions, which are critical for children's social and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/bilingual-children-have-lasting-cognitive-benefits/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cognitive</a> development.



At UCLA, Uddin is conducting an extensive follow-up study to further examine the impact of multilingualism on brain and cognitive development in autistic children.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-long-term-impact-of-bilingualism">Long-term impact of bilingualism</h2>



The benefits of bilingualism extend beyond childhood, influencing cognitive resilience and adaptability into adulthood. 



Studies suggest that multilingual individuals develop stronger problem-solving skills and improved memory retention over time. 



For autistic individuals, these advantages may translate into better academic performance, enhanced workplace adaptability, and improved social interactions.



Researchers believe that the continuous cognitive exercise of managing two languages strengthens neural pathways associated with flexibility and decision-making. 



As more studies emerge, experts hope that multilingual education will be increasingly encouraged in neurodivergent communities, ensuring long-term cognitive and social benefits.



The full study was published in the journal <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aur.3260" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Autism Research</a>.



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Children with autism benefit from learning multiple languages

Research has consistently demonstrated the cognitive benefits of bilingualism. A...

Recent evidence indicates that even modest exposure to traffic-related air pollution could harm the liver and potentially increase the likelihood of developing metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).&nbsp;



Researchers at the <a href="https://www.uts.edu.au/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Technology Sydney</a> (UTS) set out to investigate how fine particulate matter - collected from urban roadways - can undermine liver health over time.&nbsp;



While <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/understanding-how-air-pollution-forms-may-help-us-prevent-it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">air pollution</a> is typically associated with respiratory risks, this research suggests its effects may extend far beyond the lungs.



“We think of air pollution as being harmful to people’s lungs, but it has a broader impact on health including on the liver,” said lead author Hui Chen, a professor at UTS.&nbsp;



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-is-fatty-liver-disease">What is fatty liver disease?</h2>



Fatty liver disease, also known as hepatic steatosis, is the world’s most prevalent liver disorder, characterized by an overaccumulation of fat in liver cells.&nbsp;



In its advanced stages, fatty liver can lead to inflammation, cirrhosis, cancer, or even organ failure. A key reason the liver is so vulnerable is because it plays central roles in detoxifying the blood, regulating glucose, and producing essential molecules the body needs to function.



“The <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/experts-say-this-is-the-best-fruit-to-eat-for-a-healthier-liver/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">liver</a> is critical for metabolism. It clears toxins, regulates blood sugar, and produces essential vitamins and proteins, among many other functions. If the liver isn't functioning properly, it can leave people feeling tired and unwell due to disrupted metabolism,” Chen explained.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-pollution-particles-infiltrate-the-liver">How pollution particles infiltrate the liver</h2>



The study examined the effects of tiny particulate matter, specifically PM2.5, which is smaller than 2.5 microns - about 3% the diameter of a human hair. Because of its minuscule size, PM2.5 bypasses many of the body’s natural filters when inhaled.&nbsp;



“When we inhale air pollution, the very tiny particles known as PM2.5 enter the bloodstream through the lungs. The liver, which filters toxins from the blood, then accumulates these substances, which can include heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, nickel and zinc,” said Chen.&nbsp;



Over time, this accumulation may strain the organ and jeopardize overall metabolic health.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-pollution-exposure-and-fatty-liver">Pollution exposure and fatty liver </h2>



World-renowned liver specialist Professor Jacob George, director of the <a href="https://wimr.org.au/research-centres/the-storr-liver-centre/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Storr Liver Center</a> and a co-author of the study, researches the causes of liver diseases and cancer.&nbsp;



Professor George pointed out that “around one in three Australian adults has fatty liver disease, and it is more common in those who are overweight or have diabetes.”&nbsp;



Although unhealthy dietary habits, physical inactivity, and excess alcohol consumption are well-established contributors, these latest findings highlight the added role that chronic exposure to traffic pollution may play.&nbsp;



This insight emphasizes the complexity of fatty liver disease, which likely results from a combination of lifestyle, genetic, and environmental elements.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cumulative-effects-on-the-liver">Cumulative effects on the liver</h2>



The researchers exposed mice to 10 micrograms of traffic-related PM2.5 each day - a dose they say reflects typical human exposure levels in busy urban areas, such as major roads in Sydney.&nbsp;



Key markers of liver health, including inflammation and fibrosis (scar tissue formation), plus changes in liver sugars and fats, were tracked at intervals of four, eight, and twelve weeks.



After four weeks, the liver showed few notable changes. After eight weeks, however, clear disruption in normal metabolic function was observed.



By twelve weeks, significant changes emerged, including higher levels of inflammation and scarring, altered sugar storage, and increased harmful fats.



“The effect was cumulative. At four weeks we didn’t see much change, but by eight weeks there was disruption to the normal metabolic function of the liver and by 12 weeks we could see significant changes,” explained first author Dr. Min Feng, a medical doctor and PhD candidate in the UTS Faculty of Science.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-air-pollution-alters-liver-chemistry">How air pollution alters liver chemistry</h2>



The presence of PM2.5 appeared to spur immune cells to cluster in the liver, leading to inflammation and scar tissue formation.&nbsp;



In addition, the liver’s processing of fats ramped up, leading to more potent forms of lipids - like triglycerides, diacylglycerols, and ceramides - while simultaneously storing less sugar for energy.&nbsp;



On a molecular level, researchers discovered changes in 64 liver proteins, many of which correlate with fatty liver, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/space-travel-weakens-astronauts-immune-system-similar-aging/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">immune dysfunction</a>, or cancer-related processes.



“Previous research has shown that exposure to heavily polluted air is associated with liver disorders, however this study reveals even low levels can cause harm. It suggests there is no safe level of exposure to traffic-derived air pollution,” said Chen.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-mitigating-health-risks-of-traffic-pollution">Mitigating health risks of traffic pollution</h2>



The researchers recommend that people limit their exposure to traffic-related air pollution by avoiding peak-hour commutes, taking less congested routes when possible, and closing car windows with air recirculation mode in dense traffic. They also suggest considering masks if traveling through highly polluted areas.&nbsp;



Such steps may help reduce the accumulation of PM2.5 in the bloodstream and minimize any subsequent stress on the liver.



While further research is needed to explore how medication or therapeutic interventions might mitigate this pollution-driven liver damage, these findings add a new dimension to how air pollution can impact health.&nbsp;



By demonstrating that even small doses of PM2.5 can compromise liver function over time, the study broadens the discussion of environmental hazards. Fatty liver disease and other related conditions may be more intricately tied to daily life in polluted urban settings than previously recognized.



As a next step, the researchers plan to investigate potential treatments, such as targeted pharmaceuticals or lifestyle modifications, that could bolster the liver’s resilience against pollution.&nbsp;



While lifestyle factors - such as a healthy diet, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/exercise-in-a-pill-is-now-closer-to-reality/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">exercise</a>, and reduced alcohol intake - remain central to preventing fatty liver, evidence now points to tackling environmental exposures as well.



The study is published in the <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2025.01.025" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Journal of Environmental Sciences</a>.



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Traffic-related air pollution causes liver damage

Recent evidence indicates that even modest exposure to traffic-related air...

The modern gym experience for women is more complex than simply showing up to exercise.



A new study reveals that women face social pressures, judgment, and physical barriers in gym environments. These challenges affect their ability to maintain regular exercise routines and fully benefit from physical activity.



Regular exercise improves both physical and mental health, with women experiencing significant advantages. Research shows that women who engage in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/fitness-is-far-more-important-than-weight-for-living-a-healthy-life/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">consistent exercise</a> have lower mortality rates and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease compared to men.



Despite these benefits, women remain less active than men, even as their gym memberships have increased. Understanding the factors behind this disparity is essential to creating more inclusive and supportive fitness spaces.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-social-pressures-and-gym-spaces">Social pressures and gym spaces</h2>



The study was led by researchers Emma Cowley from the&nbsp;<a href="https://sheresearch.ie" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">SHE&nbsp;Research&nbsp;Centre</a>&nbsp;at TUS, Ireland, and Jekaterina Schneider from the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.uwe.ac.uk" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;West&nbsp;of&nbsp;England</a>.



Cowley and Schneider conducted an online survey with 279 women. Among these respondents, 84% were current gym-goers. The findings revealed a persistent struggle among women to feel comfortable in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/working-out-at-the-gym-you-may-need-to-check-the-air-quality/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">gym spaces</a>.



Many women reported feeling judged based on their appearance and performance, leading to feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt. 



This environment creates additional pressure to conform to certain fitness ideals while simultaneously navigating the challenge of being taken seriously in gym spaces dominated by men.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-women-claiming-space-in-the-gym">Women claiming space in the gym</h2>



Women often found themselves fighting for space, whether it was waiting for gym equipment or feeling the need to prove their competence in weightlifting areas traditionally occupied by men. 



Additionally, many reported experiencing harassment or receiving unsolicited advice from male gym-goers. These interactions contribute to a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/physical-activity-instantly-boosts-your-brain-speed-by-years/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">gym culture</a> that, at times, makes it more difficult for women to focus on their workouts without feeling scrutinized.



Despite these challenges, the study also found that women actively resisted the gendered and appearance-based expectations placed upon them. Many found empowerment through skill development, breaking traditional gender norms, and working out in environments that supported their fitness goals. 



When women exercised in spaces where they felt encouraged rather than judged, they were more likely to continue their fitness journeys with confidence.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-gym-attire-and-confidence">Gym attire and confidence</h2>



One of the key findings of the study was the role of gym attire in shaping women’s experiences. Clothing choices in gym settings were often both empowering and restrictive. 



Many women selected their workout attire based on comfort and functionality, prioritizing movement and breathability. However, social comparison and fear of judgment often influenced these decisions.



Some women expressed concerns about wearing non-branded gym attire, fearing that their clothing choices might make them stand out in a negative way.



Others worried that dressing in stylish or coordinated outfits could make them appear too put-together or as if they were trying too hard. For many, gym attire became a tool for hiding perceived imperfections, such as choosing clothes that concealed certain areas of their body or minimized the visibility of sweat stains.



This aspect of the study aligns with previous research suggesting that gym clothing plays a significant role in shaping body image and self-perception. 



For some women, the right attire can boost confidence and make them feel more prepared for their workouts. However, when clothing choices are influenced by social pressures or concerns about judgment, they can become an additional barrier to feeling at ease in a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-ai-artificial-intelligence-changing-health-diet-fitness-exercise-approach/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">gym setting</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-expanding-future-research">Expanding future research</h2>



While the study provides important insights into women’s experiences in gym environments, the researchers acknowledge several limitations. 



Most participants in the study were white, heterosexual, and self-identified as being of “normal” weight. They were also able-bodied, current gym-goers, and lived in economically developed countries.



These factors limit the generalizability of the findings, as they do not fully capture the experiences of women from diverse backgrounds.



The study highlights the need for future research that includes a more representative sample. Women from different racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds, as well as those with disabilities, may face unique challenges in gym environments.



Understanding these perspectives can help create more inclusive policies and practices that ensure all women feel comfortable and supported when engaging in fitness activities.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-redefining-gym-culture">Redefining gym culture</h2>



One of the most striking takeaways from the study is how social norms continue to influence women’s experiences in the gym. The experts note that while the pressure to maintain an ultra-thin physique has decreased, a new challenge has emerged.



The growing emphasis on muscularity and athleticism has introduced new, often unattainable, fitness ideals for women.



“In the gym, just like in other areas of life, women often feel stuck between being seen as ‘too much’ and ‘not enough’, dealing with judgement about how they look, how they perform, and even how much space they take up,” noted the researchers.



“Even though the pressure to be super thin is decreasing, the growing focus on being muscular and athletic is creating new challenges. It is pushing unrealistic standards that can negatively affect women’s body image and overall well-being.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-inclusive-gym-culture-for-women">Inclusive gym culture for women</h2>



These observations highlight the ongoing need to challenge traditional fitness standards and promote a more balanced and individualized approach to exercise. 



By shifting the focus away from aesthetics and toward health, strength, and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/exercise-in-a-pill-is-now-closer-to-reality/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">personal well-being</a>, gyms can create environments that encourage women to feel more comfortable and confident in their fitness journeys.



Creating a gym culture that welcomes and supports women requires a collective effort from fitness professionals, gym staff, and gym-goers. 



Encouraging respectful interactions, implementing inclusive gym policies, and providing designated spaces where women can train without discomfort are essential steps in making fitness environments more accessible. 



Additionally, promoting body positivity and self-acceptance within the fitness industry can help counteract the unrealistic expectations that many women face.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0316756" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PLOS One</a>.



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Gym-phobia: The hidden workout hurdles faced by women

The modern gym experience for women is more complex than...

A recent study suggests that Alzheimer's disease may have a stronger connection to sleep than previously believed, with both sleep quality and duration playing a significant role in its development.



Disruptions in sleep, especially during the transition to REM, may serve as early signs of cognitive decline. REM sleep is important for memory consolidation, emotional processing, and overall brain health.



"Sleep disturbances are common in patients with dementia and have been associated increasingly with Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) biomarkers, even in preclinical stage of the disease," noted the study authors.



Understanding the various sleep stages, including REM, could provide valuable insights for Alzheimer’s research.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-sleep-changes-with-age">How sleep changes with age</h2>



<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/loneliness-disrupts-college-students-sleep-more-than-screen-time/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sleep</a>, for health purposes, isn't just a singular, seamless cycle. We undergo three distinct phases of non-REM sleep, each progressively deeper than the former, before finally transitioning into REM sleep.



The completion of this cycle typically takes 90 minutes or longer, depending on age. As people get older, it often takes longer to move into <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-the-brain-paralyzes-the-body-during-rem-sleep/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">REM sleep</a>.



This delay may indicate underlying neurological changes, potentially linked to Alzheimer’s progression.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-rem-sleep-and-memory-connection">REM sleep and memory connection</h2>



During REM sleep, the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/reboot-switch-in-brain-activates-as-you-sleep-to-make-room-for-new-memories-barr/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">brain</a> is hard at work processing memories - particularly those that are emotionally charged - and depositing them into long-term storage.



“The delay in REM sleep disrupts the brain’s ability to consolidate memories by interfering with the process that contributes to learning and memory,” said Dr. Yue Leng, an associate professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at <a href="https://www.ucsf.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">UCSF</a>.



“If it is insufficient or delayed, it may increase the stress hormone cortisol. This can impair the brain’s hippocampus, a critical structure for memory consolidation.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-sleep-patterns-in-alzheimer-s-patients">Sleep patterns in Alzheimer’s patients</h2>



The researchers observed 128 individuals (with an average age of 70) in the neurology unit of the China-Japan Friendship Hospital in Beijing. Among them, half were diagnosed with Alzheimer's, about one-third had mild cognitive impairment, and the rest had normal cognition.



The participants spent a night in the clinic, allowing researchers to monitor their brainwave activity, eye movement, heart rate, and breathing.



Based on these observations, the researchers categorized the individuals into groups of early and delayed REM sleep. The former group transitioned to REM sleep in less than 98 minutes, while the latter typically took over 193 minutes.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-delayed-rem-sleep-and-alzheimer-s">Delayed REM sleep and Alzheimer’s</h2>



The researchers identified an interesting pattern. Patients with Alzheimer's were more prone to delayed REM sleep, and they also exhibited higher levels of two toxic proteins - amyloid and tau - commonly associated with the condition.



Individuals with prolonged REM sleep had higher amyloid levels by 16% and tau levels by 29% compared to their counterparts with early REM sleep. They also had a 39% decrease in a beneficial protein called brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), known to drop in Alzheimer's.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-potential-strategies-against-alzheimer-s">Potential strategies against Alzheimer's</h2>



With these findings in mind, the researchers recommend taking a closer look at the effects of medications that influence sleep cycle. 



"Future research should study the effects of certain medications that influence sleep patterns, as these may modify disease progression,” Leng said.



<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/melatonin-receptor-is-a-new-target-for-treating-sleep-disorders/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Melatonin</a>, known for its role in sleep regulation, has been shown in animal studies to boost REM sleep while reducing tau and amyloid accumulation. 



Other insomnia medications that block chemicals suppressing REM sleep have demonstrated similar effects.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-prioritizing-healthy-sleep-habits">Prioritizing healthy sleep habits</h2>



For individuals who are concerned about their Alzheimer’s risk, prioritizing healthy <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/poor-sleep-habits-may-age-the-brain-faster/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sleep habits</a> may be beneficial.



“This includes treating conditions like sleep apnea and avoiding heavy drinking, since both can interfere with a healthy sleep cycle,” said Dr. Dantao Peng of the Department of Neurology at the <a href="https://www.zryhyy.com.cn" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">China-Japan Friendship Hospital</a> in Beijing, who is also a senior author of the study.



“Patients taking certain antidepressants and sedatives that reduce REM sleep should discuss their concerns with their doctor, if they are worried about Alzheimer’s.”



In conclusion, while sleep alone may not serve as a standalone indicator of Alzheimer's, it is becoming increasingly clear that sleep patterns play a crucial role in brain health. 



The research was <a href="https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/alz.14495">published</a> in Alzheimer’s and Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association.



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Dreams and REM sleep quality directly linked to Alzheimer’s disease

A recent study suggests that Alzheimer's disease may have a...

A new study has revealed how both recent and lifetime cannabis use can affect cognitive function. In particular, cannabis use was linked to reduced neural activity during working memory tasks.&nbsp;



The project - among the largest to investigate cannabis and cognition - examined more than 1,000 adults aged 22 to 36, using cutting-edge brain imaging techniques to assess the impact of cannabis on various mental processes.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cannabis-and-working-memory-nbsp">Cannabis and working memory&nbsp;</h2>



The research team discovered that 63% of heavy lifetime <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/cannabis-and-hallucinogen-use-are-at-historically-high-levels/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cannabis</a> users showed diminished brain activation in key regions while performing a working memory exercise, while 68% of recent users demonstrated a similar pattern.&nbsp;



<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/pupils-enlarge-dilate-when-working-memory-engaged-focused-on-task/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Working memory</a>, a cognitive ability essential for temporarily storing and manipulating information, underpins a wide array of everyday tasks, such as following directions or solving mental calculations.



Joshua Gowin is the study’s first author and an assistant professor of radiology at the <a href="https://medschool.cuanschutz.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Colorado School of Medicine</a>.&nbsp;



“As cannabis use continues to grow globally, studying its effects on human health has become increasingly important," Gowin explained. 



"By doing so, we can provide a well-rounded understanding of both the benefits and risks of cannabis use, empowering people to make informed decisions and fully comprehend the potential consequences."



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-distinguishing-cannabis-users-by-intake">Distinguishing cannabis users by intake</h2>



The researchers classified study participants into three groups, based on cannabis usage history:



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Heavy users: Over 1,000 total instances of cannabis use</li>



<li>Moderate users: Between 10 and 999 total uses</li>



<li>Non-users: Fewer than 10 total uses</li>
</ul>



The volunteers completed seven cognitive tasks - ranging from working memory and reward assessment to emotional processing and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/kids-with-too-much-screen-time-struggle-to-gain-language-skills/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">language skills</a> - while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).&nbsp;



This approach allowed scientists to examine real-time brain activity in response to different stimuli.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-working-memory-the-most-vulnerable-function">Working memory: The most vulnerable function</h2>



While many of the tasks revealed subtle cognitive differences, the most pronounced effect appeared in working memory.



“We applied the highest standards to our research, setting rigorous thresholds for statistical significance across all seven cognitive function tests. To minimize the risk of false positives, we employed false discovery rate (FDR) correction,” noted Gowin.&nbsp;



“While some of the other tasks indicated potential cognitive impairment, only the working memory task showed a statistically significant impact.”



Reduced working memory performance manifested in lower neural activation within regions such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), and the anterior insula. 



These areas are closely tied to <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/optimal-decision-making-is-a-balance-of-experience-and-knowledge/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">decision-making</a>, problem-solving, and the integration of thoughts and emotions.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cannabis-use-and-brain-function-nbsp">Cannabis use and brain function&nbsp;</h2>



Notably, the researchers found that refraining from cannabis prior to cognitive testing might offer some improvement in working memory performance. 



However, abrupt cessation could also temporarily disturb cognitive function, especially among heavy users, due to potential withdrawal symptoms.



“People need to be aware of their relationship with cannabis since abstaining cold turkey could disrupt their cognition as well. For example, heavy users may need to be more cautious,” said Gowin.



This dynamic highlights the complexity of cannabis’s impact on cognition, emphasizing that moderation or gradual reduction may be preferable for individuals wishing to protect or recover working memory capabilities.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-further-research-is-needed-nbsp">Further research is needed&nbsp;</h2>



While the findings confirm a clear correlation between cannabis use and reduced working memory function, the researchers emphasize there is still much to learn about how these effects might vary across age groups, usage patterns, and individual physiology.



“There are a lot of questions we still need answers to regarding how cannabis impacts the brain. Large, long-term studies are needed next to understand whether cannabis use directly changes brain function, how long these effects last and the impact on different age groups,” noted Gowin.



Such extended research could clarify the duration of these cognitive impacts, determine whether they persist long after cessation, and identify any unique vulnerabilities among younger or older populations.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-understanding-the-risks-and-benefits-nbsp">Understanding the risks and benefits&nbsp;</h2>



As cannabis use gains broader acceptance and legalization in many regions, these findings bear considerable weight on both public health strategies and policy considerations.&nbsp;



By highlighting potential risks to memory and daily functioning, this research serves as a reminder of the importance of understanding both the benefits and drawbacks of cannabis consumption.



Ultimately, knowledge gained from such studies could shape guidelines and interventions, aiding individuals and communities in making well-informed decisions about cannabis use - particularly in contexts demanding a high degree of working memory and cognitive performance.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2829657" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">JAMA Network Open</a>.



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Cannabis use causes memory problems, and they may be permanent

A new study has revealed how both recent and lifetime...

In the competitive world of business, we often hear that hard work, dedication, and skill are the key ingredients for career progress. But a new study has revealed an uncomfortable truth: being attractive might influence your career path more than late nights at the office.



Experts at the Institute for Operations Research and&nbsp;the&nbsp;Management&nbsp;Sciences (<a href="https://www.informs.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">INFORMS</a>)&nbsp;in Baltimore have identified a strong connection between physical attractiveness and career success.



The experts analyzed the professional trajectories of over 40,000 MBA graduates and found that those who were considered more attractive earned up to 11 percent more than their "less attractive" colleagues. The findings also revealed that these individuals had a greater chance of securing prestigious job roles.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-appearance-shapes-career-trajectory">Appearance shapes career trajectory </h2>



Professor Nikhil Malik, who led the research, highlighted the long-term impact of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/we-usually-end-up-with-partners-who-look-as-attractive-as-we-are/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">appearance</a> on career growth. 



"Appearance shapes not just the start of a career, but its trajectory over decades," he explained. "These findings reveal a persistent and compounding effect of beauty in professional settings."



Attractiveness is often considered a personal preference, but society tends to follow certain common beauty standards. These standards vary by culture, time period, and personal taste, but some traits are widely recognized as appealing. 



Facial symmetry, clear skin, and well-proportioned features are frequently associated with attractiveness. 



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-attractive-employees-and-career-outcomes">Attractive employees and career outcomes </h2>



The concept that beauty impacts <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/employees-need-vacations-to-fully-disengage-from-work/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">professional success</a> is not new. 



Many previous studies have shown that attractive individuals are often perceived as being more trustworthy, more competent as leaders, and even more intelligent. These assumptions can lead to advantages in hiring, promotions, and salary negotiations.



In the current study, the researchers sought to determine whether these perceptions influence long-term career outcomes. By analyzing data from more than 43,000 MBA graduates, the team used artificial intelligence to assess each participant’s attractiveness.



The researchers then tracked the graduates' salaries and job titles over a 15-year period to measure the impact of perceived appearance on professional success.



The results showed a clear pattern. Attractive graduates earned an average of 2.4 percent more than their less attractive peers, which translated to an additional $2,508 per year. The impact was even greater for the most attractive individuals. 



Those in the top 10 percent of the attractiveness scale earned over 11 percent more, which equated to a salary increase of $5,528 annually.



The researchers describe this phenomenon as the "beauty premium," a consistent advantage that attractive individuals receive in professional <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/where-does-love-live-in-the-brain/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">environments</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-attractive-people-have-a-better-career">Attractive people have a better career</h2>



Beyond salary differences, the study revealed that good-looking professionals were more likely to hold high-ranking positions within their industries. 



Fifteen years after graduation, attractive individuals were 52.4 percent more likely to have secured prestigious job roles compared to their less attractive peers.



However, the researchers found that the benefits of attractiveness varied significantly depending on the industry. Some fields placed a greater emphasis on social interaction, which amplified the effects of the beauty premium.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-professionals-in-various-fields">Professionals in various fields</h2>



Management and consulting industries, where client relationships and networking play a major role, demonstrated the highest correlation between attractiveness and career success. 



Professionals in these fields benefited the most from the beauty premium, with <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/dating-apps-make-it-difficult-to-find-true-love/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">attractive individuals</a> climbing the corporate ladder faster and securing leadership roles at a higher rate.



In contrast, industries that rely heavily on technical skills, such as IT and engineering, showed the lowest correlation between attractiveness and career success. In these fields, expertise and knowledge appeared to outweigh physical appearance in determining career progression.



"This research highlights how biases tied to physical appearance persist in shaping career outcomes, even for highly educated professionals," noted Professor Param Vir Singh, a co-author of the study.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-role-of-trust">The role of trust </h2>



While the study did not explore the specific reasons behind the beauty premium, some experts believe trust plays a key role in attractive individuals' career success.



Astrid Hopfensitz, a professor in organizational behavior at <a href="https://em-lyon.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EM&nbsp;Lyon&nbsp;Business&nbsp;School</a>, who was not involved in the study, provided insights into the psychological mechanisms that might explain these findings.



"It is thought individuals perceived as beautiful are also more likely to benefit from people's trust, which makes it easier for them to get promoted or to strike business deals," she explained.



Professor Hopfensitz further suggested that attractive individuals might be seen as healthier and as having had more positive social interactions in their past. These factors could contribute to their perceived trustworthiness, making others more willing to invest in their success.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-employers-must-address-beauty-bias">Employers must address beauty bias</h2>



The findings of this study highlight the influence of unconscious biases on career progression.



While qualifications, experience, and dedication should be the primary factors in professional advancement, the research suggests that physical appearance can still shape career outcomes in significant ways.



Organizations and employers must acknowledge these biases and work towards fairer hiring and promotion practices. 



Implementing structured evaluation criteria, increasing awareness of unconscious biases, and ensuring transparency in decision-making processes could help mitigate the effects of the beauty premium.



The workplace should be a space where skills and expertise determine success rather than physical attributes. Recognizing and addressing these hidden biases can lead to a more equitable professional environment that allows individuals to progress based on their abilities rather than their looks.



The study was published online in the journal <a href="https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/isre.2021.0559?journalCode=isre">Information Systems Research</a>.



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Attractive people have more career opportunities and success

In the competitive world of business, we often hear that...

You see them piling up in your employee profile - those unused vacation days that quietly accumulate while deadlines and work meetings fill your calendar. Like millions of Americans, you're probably thinking they can wait until things slow down.



A new review from the <a href="https://www.uga.edu/">University of Georgia</a> suggests that fully disconnecting during vacation can improve your health and well-being.



The study, published in the&nbsp;Journal of Applied Psychology, analyzed 32 studies from nine countries. It found that vacations offer greater benefits for employees than previously thought. 



More importantly, these positive effects last long after the vacation ends and employees return home.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-impact-of-taking-vacations">Impact of taking vacations</h2>



Vacations do more than just offer a temporary break. They have long-term benefits that extend beyond the immediate period of rest. The research suggests that taking time off improves both physical and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/whispered-dreams-how-relaxing-words-tune-our-heartbeat-to-sleep/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">mental health</a> while enhancing job performance in the long run.



"We think working more is better, but we actually perform better by taking care of ourselves," noted Ryan Grant from the Franklin College of Arts and Sciences



Grant, the study’s lead author and a doctoral student in psychology, highlighted the lasting benefits of vacations.



He noted that job demands and stress are increasing, yet many employees feel hesitant to take time off. Some fear they will fall behind, while others worry it may impact their chances of promotion.



Many workers believe that being constantly available makes them more valuable, but the research suggests otherwise. Instead of pushing through exhaustion, employees benefit from structured breaks. 



"We need to break up these intense periods of work with intense periods of rest and recuperation," said Grant.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-avoid-working-on-vacations">Avoid working on vacations</h2>



Taking a vacation is not enough. How employees use their time off significantly affects how restorative the experience is. The study found that employees who truly disengaged from work saw the most significant <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/sleep-increases-feelings-of-hope-happiness-and-gratitude/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">improvements in their well-being</a>.



"If you’re not at work but you’re thinking about work on vacation, you might as well be at the office," noted Grant.



This means avoiding work emails, not answering phone calls, and resisting the urge to check in with colleagues. True rest requires a mental separation from work responsibilities. Many professionals find it difficult to unplug completely, but doing so maximizes the benefits of time off. 



Vacations provide a rare chance to step away from work-related stress, and the more employees embrace that separation, the more they gain from it.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-physical-activity-enhances-vacation-benefits">Physical activity enhances vacation benefits</h2>



The study also revealed that employees who engaged in physical activity during their vacations reported higher levels of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/deep-sleep-clears-toxic-waste-from-the-brain/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">well-being and restoration</a>. However, this does not mean that vacationers need to participate in intense exercise or structured fitness routines.



"Basically, anything that gets your heart rate up is a good option," Grant confirmed.



Activities like hiking, swimming, cycling, or even casual walks can contribute to overall health benefits. Many vacation activities incorporate movement, such as snorkeling or exploring new cities on foot.



These activities not only provide physiological benefits but also offer unique and enjoyable experiences. A change of scenery, combined with physical movement, creates opportunities for relaxation and rejuvenation that a sedentary vacation may not provide.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-vacation-without-work-stress">Vacation without work stress</h2>



Longer vacations tend to offer greater benefits. However, returning to work after an extended break can sometimes feel overwhelming. The transition back to daily responsibilities can lead to a sudden drop in well-being.



To counteract this effect, planning both before and after a vacation is essential. Packing in advance, setting expectations at work, and wrapping up key tasks before departure can reduce stress leading up to a trip. 



Similarly, easing back into work life, with a buffer period after returning, can make the transition smoother.



Allowing a day or two to re-acclimate before diving back into a full workload can help maintain the benefits of a vacation for longer. It gives employees time to catch up on emails, re-establish routines, and adjust mentally without feeling overwhelmed.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-vacations-are-not-a-luxury">Vacations are not a luxury</h2>



The study was co-authored by Beth Buchanan, a late Ph.D. student in UGA’s Department of Psychology, and Kristen Shockley, an associate professor at <a href="https://www.auburn.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Auburn University</a>. The research reinforces the idea that vacations are not a luxury but a necessity for long-term success.



Time off allows employees to return to work more energized, focused, and productive. Rather than viewing vacations as an obstacle to career growth, workers should see them as an investment in their <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/spending-67-minutes-daily-outdoors-boosts-mental-health/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">overall well-being</a>.



Taking a break is not a sign of weakness or lack of ambition. It is a proven strategy for maintaining mental health, improving job performance, and enhancing quality of life. If you want to be at your best at work, take that vacation - and truly unplug.



The study was published in the <a href="https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fapl0001262" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Journal of Applied Psychology</a>. 



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Employees need vacations to fully disengage from work

You see them piling up in your employee profile -...

iron ore deposit - 1

The winter chill in early January surprised many across England this year. On January 11, 2025, a casual walk through the Devil’s Punch Bowl turned into a moment of astonishment for a local resident.



He spotted a curious formation that resembled fine strands of white hair wrapped around a twig, and he soon realized it was <a href="https://www.earth.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/frost-beard_exidiopsis-effusa_fungi_rare-ice_variuos-images_1m.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">something quite special</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-fluffy-frozen-cotton">Fluffy, frozen cotton?</h2>



The walker, identified as the Reverend Jonny Scott from Godalming, initially saw what appeared to be fluffy cotton on a piece of wood. He was intrigued.



He wondered if it might be a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/deadly-fungus-found-in-garden-soils-across-america/">strange fungus</a> or just a bit of frosty residue that had collected on the bark. His interest grew when he recognized that the material was actually made of delicate ice fibers.



Experts have known about this unusual natural display for more than a century. In 1918, the phenomenon earned scientific attention for its striking appearance.



Scientists Dr. Christian Hofmann from the <a href="https://www.opensanctions.org/entities/NK-eG42EVWMizVRHKRM9QmwMY/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Institute of Applied Physics</a>, Dr. Christian Mätzler from the <a href="https://www.imk.kit.edu/english/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research</a>, and Dr. Gisela Preuss from <a href="https://www.biogeosciences.net/">Biogeosciences </a>led a project in 2015 that clarified the precise cause of this unique formation. 



They learned that a fungus named Exidiopsis effusa helps these icy filaments develop on rotting wood.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-nature-s-artistry-in-rare-weather">Nature's artistry in rare weather</h2>



The Met Office states that <a href="https://scottishwildlifetrust.org.uk/2012/12/frost-beard/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">hair ice</a>, often called frost beard, only appears on damp, rotten branches of broadleaf trees. 



Temperatures must hover below freezing at latitudes between 45°N and 55°N, which includes parts of Europe and North America.



Such narrow requirements explain why people so rarely witness these wispy ribbons of ice. Moisture in the wood meets just the right chill to create slender strands of around 0.01 millimeters (0.004 inches) thick.



Rev. Scott was thrilled when he realized he had encountered an extremely uncommon sight. “Nature never ceases to amaze me!” he exclaimed.



He carefully picked up the twig, puzzled by the sheer fragility of the ice. He recalled seeing “a twig that looked to be wrapped in cotton wool” or “perhaps a strange fungus,” but closer inspection proved it was crystal-like hairs of ice.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-fungal-helper-exidiopsis-effusa">Fungal helper Exidiopsis effusa</h2>



Scientists looking at these formations discovered that the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/shock-discovery-greenland-ice-sheet-is-teeming-with-microorganisms/">fungus maintains the ice structure</a> by shaping water into threads along the wood’s surface. 



During cold weather, water in the wood expands outward, and the fungus helps it freeze into smooth filaments, preventing the ice from clumping.



The strands stand firm until temperatures rise above freezing, or direct sunlight hits them, which causes them to vanish in a matter of moments.



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://www.earth.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/frost-beard_exidiopsis-effusa_fungi_rare-ice_1m.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.earth.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/frost-beard_exidiopsis-effusa_fungi_rare-ice_1s.webp" alt="An unusual natural phenomenon - mysterious hair ice on wood looks like angle hair. The fungus Exidiopsis effusa is responsible for this crystallization process that occurs in &quot;Frost beard.&quot;" class="wp-image-1958147"/></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An unusual natural phenomenon - mysterious hair ice on wood looks like angle hair. The fungus Exidiopsis effusa is responsible for this crystallization process that occurs in "Frost beard."</figcaption></figure>



The existence of hair ice was first documented over 100 years ago, and several theories arose to explain how these slender filaments formed. Some early researchers suspected bacterial processes.



Others suggested peculiar chemical reactions in rotting wood. The 2015 research by Hofmann, Mätzler, and Preuss confirmed that Exidiopsis effusa is essential in shaping the ice, which put long-standing debates to rest.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-moments-of-wonder">Moments of wonder</h2>



The <a href="https://surreyhills.org/places-to-see/the-devils-punchbowl/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Devil’s Punch Bowl</a>, a vast natural amphitheater, has long been a favorite among local hikers seeking fresh air and scenic views. Running into hair ice enhances a simple stroll, turning it into something extraordinary.



Rev. Scott admitted he had never even heard of hair ice before, and he felt a bit of excitement to spot such a rare event by chance. 



Once he returned to the car park and did a quick online search, he realized he had stumbled upon a fascinating natural curiosity.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-fragile-beauty">Fragile beauty</h2>



These frozen fibers appear unexpectedly, almost like an artistic flourish designed by the cold. They are easily missed if you’re not paying attention.



Observers often find them on fallen branches scattered along woodland floors. Many folks walk right by without a second glance.



But for anyone who does pause to look, the sight can be quite memorable. Even though hair ice can arise in several places within the right latitudes, people rarely notice it.



And It doesn’t last long. A brief shift in temperature or a stray ray of sunshine is enough to melt the fragile ice.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-why-does-any-of-this-matter">Why does any of this matter?</h2>



The fleeting nature of hair ice heightens its appeal. For many, the momentary glimpse of these icy tresses symbolizes how rapidly beautiful things in the natural world can come and go.



It’s a reminder to stay curious, no matter how familiar a place might seem. Rev. Scott’s story highlights the potential rewards of keeping a watchful eye on the woods.



Research scientists, mycologists, and weather experts continue to investigate subtle interactions between <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/fungi-can-think-and-make-smart-decisions-without-a-brain/">fungi and their surroundings</a>. There’s still much to learn about the microscopic processes that lead to the formation of hair ice.



Each small piece of understanding adds to a broader view of how living organisms and seasonal conditions overlap in unexpected ways.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-new-perspective">New perspective</h2>



It’s easy to overlook delicate sights like these when you think you’ve seen it all. Sometimes, the simplest items - a fallen twig, a chilly breeze - combine to create something that sparks genuine awe.



Rev. Scott encountered hair ice on a routine stroll, and his discovery brought attention to a phenomenon that deserves more admiration from nature lovers.



The study is published in <a href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/12/4261/2015/bg-12-4261-2015.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Biogeosciences</a>.



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Rare 'frost beard' ice formation discovered by a hiker

The winter chill in early January surprised many across England...

Millions of Americans face a sobering reality about their drinking water. A recent study from the&nbsp;Keck&nbsp;School&nbsp;of&nbsp;Medicine&nbsp;at the&nbsp;University&nbsp;of&nbsp;Southern&nbsp;California (USC)&nbsp;warns that exposure to "forever chemicals" in tap water increases cancer risk by up to 33 percent. 



These chemicals, known as polyfluoroalkyl substances (<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/bacteria-strain-identified-that-can-eat-forever-chemicals/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PFAS</a>), exist in nearly half of the drinking water supplies across the United States.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-forever-chemicals-in-drinking-water">Forever chemicals in drinking water</h2>



Scientists have linked PFAS to severe health problems, including kidney, breast, and testicular cancer. This study broadens the scope, connecting these <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/forever-chemicals-alter-gene-expression-in-the-brain/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">chemicals</a> to digestive, endocrine, respiratory, and mouth and throat cancers.



<a href="https://www.usc.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">USC</a> researchers analyzed large population datasets, pinpointing a disturbing pattern - counties with contaminated water reported higher cancer cases between 2016 and 2021.



The <a href="https://www.epa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EPA</a> estimates that PFAS contamination contributes to nearly 6,864 new cancer cases each year. Though this accounts for only 0.4 percent of all cancer cases, the long-term impact remains alarming.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-hotspots-of-forever-chemicals">Hotspots of forever chemicals </h2>



The&nbsp;Environmental&nbsp;Working&nbsp;Group&nbsp;(<a href="https://www.ewg.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EWG</a>)&nbsp;has mapped out communities and military sites affected by PFAS contamination. Last year, the EPA set the maximum <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/forever-chemicals-found-in-tap-and-bottled-water-worldwide/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PFAS</a> levels at four parts per trillion in drinking water. 



But these limits are exceeded in many parts of the country - including Nassau and Suffolk counties in New York, and Los Angeles and Orange counties in California.



The study revealed that cancer rates in these counties range from a minor two percent increase to a staggering 33 percent spike. 



A particularly concerning finding involved perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), a type of PFAS linked to mouth and throat cancers.



Men in high-PFAS areas exhibited increased cases of leukemia and cancers affecting the urinary system, brain, and soft tissues. Meanwhile, women in these regions faced higher incidences of thyroid, mouth, throat, and soft tissue cancers.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-dangers-of-forever-chemicals-in-water">Dangers of forever chemicals in water</h2>



PFAS are <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/scientists-can-now-trace-forever-chemicals-back-to-their-sources/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">microscopic chemicals</a> that persist in the environment and human body for thousands of years. Their ability to repel water and oil makes them common in non-stick cookware, waterproof clothing, and food packaging. 



Unfortunately, they also leach into water supplies through household activities like washing dishes or as pesticide runoff from agricultural lands.



There is no safe level of PFAS exposure. Even small amounts accumulate in the body, leading to potential long-term health effects. While public water systems can treat contaminated water, private wells remain a challenge for individuals relying on them.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-to-reduce-pfas-exposure-at-home">How to reduce PFAS exposure at home</h2>



Households concerned about <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/new-filtration-system-removes-forever-chemicals-from-water/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PFAS</a> in their water can use specialized filters.&nbsp;



<a href="https://www.consumerreports.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Consumer Reports</a> advises buying only filters certified by the National Sanitation Foundation, Water Quality Association, or International Association of Plumbing &amp; Mechanical Officials.



Prices range from $45 for basic pitcher filters to $1,200 for advanced under-sink systems. Although costly, these filters provide one of the few reliable ways to reduce PFAS intake.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-worst-pfas-hotspots-in-the-u-s">Worst PFAS hotspots in the U.S.</h2>



According to the Environmental Working Group, the ten worst cities with water contamination from forever chemicals include:



<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li>Brunswick County, N.C. – 185.9 ppt</li>



<li>Quad Cities, Iowa – 109.8 ppt</li>



<li>Miami, Fla. – 56.7 ppt</li>



<li>Bergen County, N.J. – 51.4 ppt</li>



<li>Wilmington, N.C. – 50.5 ppt</li>



<li>Philadelphia, Pa. – 46.3 ppt</li>



<li>Louisville, Ky. – 45.2 ppt</li>



<li>New Orleans, La. – 41.8 ppt</li>



<li>Charleston, S.C. – 33.3 ppt</li>



<li>Decatur, Ala. – 24.1 ppt</li>
</ol>



These numbers reflect serious environmental concerns, prompting urgent calls for regulatory action.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-strengthening-pfas-regulations">Strengthening PFAS regulations</h2>



The&nbsp;National&nbsp;Cancer&nbsp;Institute&nbsp;(<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NCI</a>)&nbsp;compiled cancer data from 22 registries covering half of the U.S. population. Scientists cross-referenced this data with PFAS levels in drinking water, identifying several high-risk zones in Chicago, New York, Georgia, Texas, and California.



As part of a nationwide cleanup effort, public water systems have five years to reduce PFAS levels. By 2029, the EPA will begin enforcing strict limits on six PFAS types, including PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS, PFHpA, and PFBS.



Dr. Shiwen Li, the study's lead researcher, believes these measures may still be too lenient. He warns that additional restrictions may be necessary to protect public health.



"When people hear that PFAS is associated with cancer, it's hard to know how it's relevant," Dr. Li said. "These findings allow us to draw an initial conclusion about the link between certain rare cancers and PFAS."



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Forever chemicals found in most tap water increase cancer risk by up to 33%

Millions of Americans face a sobering reality about their drinking...

Heart disease remains the number one killer worldwide, outstripping all other causes of death as key risk factors continue to surge, according to the 2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of U.S. and Global Data From the American Heart Association.&nbsp;



Released in the journal <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001303" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Circulation</a>, the flagship peer-reviewed publication of the <a href="https://www.heart.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">American Heart Association</a> (AHA), the comprehensive annual update underscores the urgent need to accelerate efforts to prevent and treat heart disease.



“Did you know that in the U.S., someone dies of cardiovascular disease every 34 seconds? Nearly 2,500 people in the U.S. die from cardiovascular disease every day. Those are alarming statistics to me – and they should be alarming for all of us, because it’s likely many among those whom we lose will be our friends and loved ones,” said Keith Churchwell, the volunteer president of the AHA.



“Too many people are dying from heart disease and from stroke which remains the 5th leading cause of death. Together, they kill more people than all cancers and accidental deaths - the #2 and #3 causes of death – combined.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-disturbing-rise-in-cardiovascular-deaths">Disturbing rise in cardiovascular deaths</h2>



The new report highlights the persistent risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the United States. The experts found that more than 941,652 CVD-related deaths were recorded in 2022 - over 10,000 above the 931,578 reported in 2021.



The age-adjusted CVD death rate was 224.3 per 100,000 people in 2022, a marginal drop from 233.3 per 100,000 in 2021, yet the overall number of fatalities remains on an upward trajectory.



While the data suggest that some aspects of the mortality rate may be stabilizing after a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/heart-disease-deaths-increased-during-covid-reversing-progress/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">spike</a> during the COVID-19 pandemic, many risk factors continue to worsen. 



The report further notes that nearly all major causes of death saw reductions in their age-adjusted rates, except for kidney disease, which climbed by 1.5%.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-kidney-disease-on-the-rise">Kidney disease on the rise</h2>



Seth S. Martin, chair of the AHA’s statistical update writing committee and a cardiologist at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, emphasized that kidney disease and cardiovascular disease share interrelated risk factors.



“Kidney disease has actually been on the rise over the past decade. In our report, we noted a significant increase in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among Medicare beneficiaries from 9.2% in 2011 to 14.2% in 2021. Additionally, the global prevalence of kidney disease has increased more than 27% in relative terms since 2010,” explained Martin.



He added that high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes are closely linked to both heart and kidney ailments, creating a compounded health threat that underscores the importance of addressing these conditions holistically.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-risk-factors-for-heart-disease">Risk factors for heart disease </h2>



The report sheds light on several alarming statistics about cardiovascular risk factors in the United States. Nearly 47% of U.S. adults are affected by high blood pressure, while more than 50% live with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes.



In addition, over 72% of U.S. adults exceed healthy weight thresholds, with nearly 42% classified as obese.



In younger populations, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/childhood-obesity-rates-are-surging-worldwide/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">obesity</a> is also on the rise, with an estimated 40% of U.S. children having an unhealthy weight, including 20% meeting obesity criteria. Globally, about 60% of adults are considered overweight or obese, illustrating the widespread nature of these trends.



“In the update, we noted calculations that found excess weight contributes to as many as 1,300 additional deaths per day in the U.S., nearly 500,000 per year. It lowers life expectancy by as much as 2.4 years compared to a healthy weight,” said Latha P. Palaniappan, vice-chair of the statistical update writing committee and a professor of cardiovascular medicine at <a href="https://www.stanford.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Stanford University</a>.



“The impact on lives lost is twice as high for women, and higher for Black adults than for white adults. It’s alarming to note that excess weight now costs us even more lives than <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/smoking-cigarettes-accelerates-aging/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">smoking</a>.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-disparities-in-risk-factors">Disparities in risk factors</h2>



The study highlights major disparities in risk factors based on race, ethnicity, and sex. For obesity, Black women exhibit the highest rates at 57.9%, while Asian women register the lowest rate at 14.5%.&nbsp;



Hispanic men show the highest <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/global-diabetes-rate-has-doubled-reaching-over-800-million/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">diabetes</a> prevalence at 14.5%, contrasted with a 7.7% rate among white women. In the case of high blood pressure, 58.4% of Black women experience hypertension, compared with 35.3% of Hispanic women.



“And it is important to acknowledge that, although cardiovascular disease affects us all, it doesn’t affect us all equally. For instance, there is wide variation in the prevalence of obesity, diabetes and high blood pressure by sex and race/ethnicity,” observed Dhruv S. Kazi, the associate director at <a href="https://www.bidmc.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-encouraging-trends-in-tobacco-use">Encouraging trends in tobacco use</h2>



Amid these alarming findings, there is a silver lining in the falling rates of tobacco consumption. Since 1965, adult smoking rates have dropped significantly.&nbsp;



Furthermore, current cigarette use among high schoolers fell from 16.5% in 2022 to 12.6% in 2023, while e-cigarette use also declined from 14.1% to 10% in the same period.



“Another positive trend over the years has been a reduction in the rates of high cholesterol,” said Keith Churchwell, pointing out that a combination of heightened awareness, lifestyle changes, and medical treatments has contributed to these gains.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-need-for-holistic-prevention">The need for holistic prevention</h2>



Despite improved treatments and lower tobacco usage, the anticipated surge in obesity, diabetes, and hypertension poses an enormous challenge for public health. Researchers warn that if current trends continue, the U.S. could face a 300% jump in heart disease-related healthcare costs by 2050.



“If recent trends continue, hypertension and obesity will each affect more than 180 million U.S. adults by 2050, whereas the prevalence of diabetes will climb to more than 80 million. And over the same time period, we expect to see a 300% increase in health care costs related to cardiovascular disease,” Kazi said.



He and Churchwell emphasize that solutions must go beyond clinical discoveries, extending to community interventions that ensure equal access to care and tackle socioeconomic barriers.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-reversing-the-trend-of-heart-disease">Reversing the trend of heart disease </h2>



The report urges policymakers, healthcare professionals, and communities to collaborate in order to halt the escalation of key risk factors for heart disease. This means prioritizing obesity prevention, controlling high blood pressure, improving dietary habits, and expanding the availability of new therapies for those who need them most.



“Heart disease was once considered a death sentence, but thanks to the many advances in clinical diagnosis and treatment, people are able to live longer, healthier lives even after a cardiovascular event,” Churchwell explained.



“Certainly, any medical or clinical therapy that can treat the risk factors that contribute to CVD are essential. More importantly, I would say that we need to stop these risk factors in their tracks, keep people healthy throughout their lifespan. That will only be possible with a strong emphasis on early prevention and equitable health access for all.”



With a continued and concerted focus on prevention, early detection, and equitable health policies, experts believe it is still possible to reverse the upward curve of heart disease and save countless lives.



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Heart disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide

Heart disease remains the number one killer worldwide, outstripping all...

Scientists are transforming chocolate into a functional food by infusing it with probiotics and prebiotics, aiming to create a treat that satisfies cravings while supporting gut health. 



The challenge lies in maintaining chocolate's beloved texture and flavor while adding health benefits.



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Probiotics - beneficial microbes that balance gut bacteria and aid digestion - are typically fragile and can be destroyed by stomach acid or processing. 



Prebiotics act as food for these microbes, helping them thrive. Together, they form "synbiotics," a powerful health combination.



Researchers Smriti Gaur and Shubhi Singh from India's Jaypee Institute of Information Technology took an innovative approach, using natural prebiotics like corn and honey instead of complex processing methods. 



They created five chocolate varieties: a control and four synbiotic versions containing different combinations of prebiotics, probiotics (Lactobacillus strains), and flavor enhancers (cinnamon or orange).



Laboratory simulations of human digestion showed the probiotics remained viable for over five hours, suggesting they could survive long enough to benefit gut health.



Taste tests were positive, with researchers particularly enjoying the orange-flavored variety, describing it as having "vibrant citrus notes" complementing the "rich cocoa" with a "luxurious" texture.



This research represents just the beginning. With further refinement of strains, textures, and flavors, chocolate could evolve beyond mere indulgence to become a functional food that nourishes while it delights.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsfoodscitech.4c00741" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ACS Food Science &amp; Technology</a>.

Is chocolate the next nutritional powerhouse?

Scientists are transforming chocolate into a functional food by infusing...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Nushagak Bay, a large estuary in southwest Alaska. Nushagak runs mainly north to south and exits in Bristol Bay, a large body of water in the Bering Sea.



"The bay is primarily fed by the Nushagak River, which begins in the Alaska Range and flows southwest approximately 450 km. The bay is also fed by several additional rivers including the Wood, Igushik, Snake and Weary rivers," says ESA.



"The dark colors of the Nushagak River are most likely due to tannins or lignins (chemical substances found in plants). Tannins and lignins from roots, leaves, seeds, bark and soil can leach into the water and give it a brown or even black colour. The sediments then flow southwards where it is mixed with the bluer waters of the bay."



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Nushagak Bay in southwest Alaska

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> (ACS) reveals that proteins on flu viruses are actually flexible, tilting and waving in a “breath-like” motion. According to the experts, these proteins could be used to better defend against the flu.



"The main antigenic targets of influenza virus are two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Whereas the structural and dynamical properties of both glycoproteins have been studied previously, the understanding of their plasticity in the whole-virion context is fragmented," wrote the researchers.



To investigate, the team conducted detailed simulations of the influenza A H1N1 virion, or the swine flu. The experts concluded that the visualizations show many new vulnerable states of flu viruses, which could improve future vaccines and antiviral drugs.



Video/ Image Credit: American Chemical Society&nbsp;



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Flu viruses are more flexible than expected

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Lake Trasimeno, which is located west of Perugia in central Italy. It is the fourth largest lake in the country. While Trasimeno’s water level varies, it has a maximum depth of approximately six meters.&nbsp;



"In this Copernicus Sentinel-2 image, captured on 6 August 2022, the lake’s emerald green colour is likely due to the presence of phytoplankton. Streaks in the water, particularly visible in the west, indicate the presence of soil and sediments which have been stirred up by winds. Dark colored waters in the southern part of the lake indicate a presence of submerged and floating macrophytes (aquatic plants) as well as algae," says ESA.



"Surrounded by hills on three sides, Trasimeno is subject to heavy storms created by winds, especially from the north and west. There are three islets in the lake: Maggiore, Minore and Polvese (the largest). The lake’s shores are sparsely inhabited with only two popular villages: Castiglione del Lago and Passignano sul Trasimeno."



"Italy is experiencing its worst drought in 70 years which has affected drinking water supplies, hydroelectric power and agricultural production. High temperatures, hot winds and lack of rainfall are the main causes of drought in the Umbrian region which saw Lake Trasimeno’s drop 1.3 m, reaching the limit of the hydrometric zero in July 2022."



Video/Image Credit: ESA&nbsp;



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By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Lake Trasimeno in Central Italy

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> describes a new self-powered nanosensor that can instantly detect mercury contamination with the tap of a finger.&nbsp;



The oxidized form of mercury can be harmful when it is ingested through contaminated water or food. This makes it necessary for experts to develop sensors that can quickly and accurately detect the presence of mercury.&nbsp;



Zong-Hong Lin and colleagues have now created a triboelectric nanosensor (TENS) that can detect mercury by simply by touching a sample. According to the researchers, their TENS could serve as the basis for similar devices to safely and remotely monitor other pollutants.



Video Credit: American Chemical Society&nbsp;



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Detecting mercury contamination with the tap of a finger

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> explores the ability of salt to transform the way that foods and beverages taste. Salt is known to cover up undesirable flavors, such as bitterness in coffee or beer, but how exactly does sodium chloride change the taste of other compounds?



One previous study showed that, not only does salt suppress bitterness, but also enhances sweetness and sourness. Another study revealed that bitterness reduction by salt seems to be happening at the tongue receptor level as well as in the brain.&nbsp;



While it is known that salt taste is mediated by the presence of sodium channels in the form of taste buds, experts believe that there is also an unknown receptor responsible for how we taste salt that has not yet been identified.&nbsp;



Video Credit: ACS Reactions



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How does salt makes things taste better?

[sendtonews key="X0f6OHYoI4-2310561-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Santiago, the capital city of Chile. The city is located in the center of the Santiago Metropolitan Region, which has a population of about eight million people.&nbsp;



'The weather of Santiago resembles the Mediterranean climate with dry and warm summers with temperatures reaching up to 35°C (from October to March) and cool and humid winters that can drop to 0°C (from April to September)."



"The city lies in the centre of the country’s central valley around 80 km from the Pacific Ocean to the west and borders Argentina to the east. A tiny part of Argentina is visible in the top-right corner of the image where the mountain crest of the Andes Mountains acts as a divider between the two countries," says ESA.



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Santiago, Chile in South America

[sendtonews key="JRaP49ISmm-2357509-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

Spiral,Galaxy,,Illustration,Of,Milky,Way

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Astronomers at <a href="https://www.jhu.edu/">Johns Hopkins University</a> have created an interactive map of the universe, including the actual position and real colors of 200,000 galaxies. The map allows the public to access data that was previously only available to scientists.



The map was developed using data collected by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. For over two decades, a telescope in New Mexico was aimed at slightly different locations to capture the night sky.&nbsp;



"Growing up I was very inspired by astronomy pictures, stars, nebulae and galaxies, and now it's our time to create a new type of picture to inspire people," said map creator Brice Ménard, a professor at Johns Hopkins. "Astrophysicists around the world have been analyzing this data for years, leading to thousands of scientific papers and discoveries. But nobody took the time to create a map that is beautiful, scientifically accurate, and accessible to people who are not scientists. Our goal here is to show everybody what the universe really looks like."



"In this map, we are just a speck at the very bottom, just one pixel. And when I say we, I mean our galaxy, the Milky Way which has billions of stars and planets. We are used to seeing astronomical pictures showing one galaxy here, one galaxy there or perhaps a group of galaxies. But what this map shows is a very, very different scale."



"From this speck at the bottom, we are able to map out galaxies across the entire universe, and that says something about the power of science."



The <a href="https://mapoftheuniverse.net/">interactive map</a> is available online, where it can be downloaded for free.



Video Credit: Johns Hopkins&nbsp;



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Interactive map of the universe includes 200,000 galaxies

[sendtonews key="e4ZG0Jawp3-2374785-12187" type="single"] Astronomers at Johns Hopkins University have created...

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Lesotho: Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky" Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features northwest Lesotho in South Africa.



According to ESA, Lesotho is the only nation in the world that lies completely above 1,000 m in elevation. The country is famous for its tall mountains and narrow valleys, and is known as Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky."



Out of a population of around two million people, about 80 percent live in rural areas. More than 75 percent of these people are engaged in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/climate-change-will-have-a-global-impact-on-agriculture/">agriculture</a>, including rainfed cereal production and animal grazing.&nbsp;



ESA reports that the country’s agricultural system faces a growing number of issues, with climate-related vulnerabilities such as drought, floods and extreme temperatures occurring more frequently. 



Diamonds are amongst the minerals found in the mountains. Indeed, Lesotho can truly be called the Kingdom in the Sky. Beautiful, culturally rich, safe, affordable, and easily accessible from Durban and Johannesburg, mountainous Lesotho is a vastly underrated travel destination. the Kingdom of Lesotho (Sotho: 'Muso oa Lesotho) is an enclaved country in southern Africa. It is just over 30,000 km2 (11,583 sq mi) in size and has a population of around 2 million.



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer 



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Lesotho: Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky"

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Dublin, the capital and largest city of Ireland. Beyond its pub culture, Dublin is known as a modern culinary destination and a UNESCO City of Literature.



"Dublin is located near the midpoint of Ireland’s east coast in the province of Leinster. The city, which covers an area of around 115 square kilometers, is bordered by the Dublin Mountains, a low mountain range to the south, and is surrounded by flat farmland to the north and west," says ESA.



"The city straddles the River Liffey, which rises in the Wicklow Mountains and flows around 80 kilometers eastwards through the city of Dublin, in which it is canalised and bordered with quays. It then empties into Dublin Bay, an arm of the Irish Sea."



Dublin has an abundance of green spaces, including one of the largest enclosed public parks in any European capital city. Phoenix Park, which was originally formed as a royal hunting park in the 1660s, includes 707 hectares of green space.



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The city of Dublin on Ireland's east coast

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features the province of Zaragoza in northeast Spain. The image was captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission.



"Together with the provinces of Huesca and Teruel, Zaragoza formed the old kingdom of Aragon. Its capital, also called Zaragoza (not visible in this image) is home to around half of Aragon’s population," says ESA.



"The Ebro River can be seen winding its way through the province from west to east in this image. Between its source in the Cantabrian Mountains in the northwest and its delta on the Mediterranean coast, the Ebro River is fed by more than 200 tributaries as it flows 910 km across much of northern Spain."



Since rainfall is very scarce in this region, irrigation in the Ebro basin is critically important. In the valleys surrounding the Ebro River, many fields are used for growing crops such as corn, wheat, and barley.



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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The province of Zaragoza in northeast Spain

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Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> reveals the evolution of the Columbia Glacier in southeastern Alaska. Columbia is among the fastest shrinking glaciers in the world, and the video documents its rapid retreat over the years.&nbsp;



Columbia Glacier is a large, multi-branched calving glacier that flows out of the Chugach Mountains to the Prince William Sound.&nbsp;



According to USGS, Columbia had a long history of stability prior to 1980, with a length 41 miles, and small, short-lived advances or retreats.



In the years since 1980, however, satellite images have captured Columbia’s alarming retreat. By using false-color images, scientists can distinguish between snow and ice, open water, vegetation, and rocky debris on the glacier’s surface.



The series of false-color images featured in today's video were acquired over the span of 35 years. You can see that by 2021, the glacier’s main branch had retreated about 15 miles from its initial position.



The Columbia Glacier has also lost more than 50 percent of its volume, mostly due to calving. <a href="https://www.earth.com/video/nasa-reveals-3d-visual-of-an-atmospheric-river/">NASA</a> reports that while climate change likely started the retreat, mechanical processes kept the disintegration going.



The NASA images are provided by Jesse Allen, Robert Simmon, Joshua Stevens, and Lauren Dauphin using data from Landsat satellites, from the U.S. Geological Survey, and data from MODIS on NASA’s Terra satellite. The structure of Columbia’s moraine played a large role in the stability of the glacier before 1980. 



Like other tidewater glaciers, the Columbia built up a moraine over time, and the mixture of ice and rock functioned like a dam keeping out the sea. It was supported on one end by the shoreline and by the underwater terminal moraine at the other.



Video Credit: NASA Earth Observatory/&nbsp; NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio



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The rapid retreat of the Columbia Glacier

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features the Pyrenees Mountains, which form a natural boundary between France and Spain in southwest Europe.



The mountain range is 430 kilometers in length. It stretches from the Mediterranean Sea on the east to the Atlantic Ocean on the west.



At an elevation of 3404 meters, Pico de Aneto is the highest mountain peak in the Pyrenees, and the third-highest peak in Spain. Pico de Aneto is located in the Posets-Maladeta Natural Park, which spans more than 82,000 acres.&nbsp;



"Geological studies have revealed that the Pyrenees Mountains have been around for longer than the Alps, with their sediments first deposited in coastal basins during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras," reports ESA.



"The entire mountain range formed due to the upwelling of large sedimentary rocks by the collision of the Iberian and the Eurasian plate around 100 to 150 million years ago, followed by intense erosion from ice and water."



The western Pyrenees receive more precipitation due to moisture blowing in from the Atlantic Ocean. The mountain range contains many lakes, several small glaciers, and some of the highest waterfalls in Europe.



Video &amp; Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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The Pyrenees Mountains in southwest Europe

[sendtonews key="6HyfrAJTBI-1831843-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

Earth,Like,Exoplanet,3d,Render

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Today's Video of the Day from <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard">NASA Goddard</a> describes two exoplanets that are orbiting a star 218 light-years away. A team of researchers led by the University of Montreal has found evidence that these planets are "water worlds."



The experts used data from NASA’s Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes. They discovered that exoplanets Kepler-138 c and Kepler-138 could be composed largely of water.



"We previously thought that planets that were a bit larger than Earth were big balls of metal and rock, like scaled-up versions of Earth, and that's why we called them super-Earths," explained study co-author Björn Benneke.&nbsp;



"However, we have now shown that these two planets, Kepler-138 c and d, are quite different in nature and that a big fraction of their entire volume is likely composed of water. It is the best evidence yet for water worlds, a type of planet that was theorized by astronomers to exist for a long time."



Video Credit: NASA Goddard



Image Credit: NASA, ESA, and Leah Hustak (STScI)



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Two distant planets may be "water worlds"

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Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard">NASA Goddard</a> describes Earth’s interconnected systems, and how this network is affected by rising temperatures.&nbsp;



During 2020, average global temperatures matched the hottest year on record. The hurricane season was also record-breaking, with many of the storms intensifying at extraordinary speeds. Hot water in the ocean is fuel for hurricanes. The satellite data shows that it's all one interconnected system showing how Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected.



According to NASA, dust swept up from Northern Africa plays a major role in the formation of hurricanes, and is also a key source of fertilization in the Amazon rainforest. As a result of<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/seagrass-wasting-disease-is-fueled-by-climate-change/"> climate</a> change, dust plumes are expected to decline, which will have an effect on vegetation far away.&nbsp;



Images from Earth-observing satellites show how the world’s plant life is affected by natural disasters, fires, and deforestation. Satellites also reveal how widespread changes in vegetation impact waterways,&nbsp; the climate, air quality. Satellites communicate by using radio waves to send signals to the antennas on the Earth. "Earth From Space" is a groundbreaking two-hour special that reveals a spectacular new space-based vision of our planet. 



Video Credit: NASA Goddard&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected

[sendtonews key="JbW4VsY53O-1632195-12187" type="single"] Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected...

Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://welcome.miami.edu/">University of Miami</a> Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science explores how changes in water temperatures have affected tiger shark habitats and movements in the North Atlantic Ocean. The study reveals that rising temperatures have caused the sharks to shift toward the poles over the past 40 years.



“Tiger shark annual migrations have expanded poleward, paralleling rising water temperatures,” explained study lead author Neil Hammerschlag. “These results have consequences for tiger shark conservation, since shifts in their movements outside of marine protected areas may leave them more vulnerable to commercial fishing.”



The researchers analyzed nine years of tracking data from satellite-tagged tiger sharks, combined with four decades of conventional tag and recapture data provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Cooperative Shark Tagging Program.



The experts found that during the last decade of record heat, for every one-degree Celsius increase in water temperatures, tiger sharks migrated further poleward by over 400 kilometers. They also migrated two weeks earlier than usual to waters off the northeastern coast of the United States.



“Given their role as apex predators, these changes to tiger shark movements may alter predator-prey interactions, leading to ecological imbalances, and more frequent encounters with humans,” concluded Professor Hammerschlag.



Video Credit: University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science



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Tiger sharks are shifting poleward as temperatures rise

Today’s Video of the Day from the University of Miami...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> is focused on the melt ponds that emerge during the spring and summer on the Greenland Ice Sheet, which is the largest ice mass in the northern hemisphere.



"Melt ponds are vast pools of open water that form on both sea ice and ice sheets and are visible as turquoise-blue pools of water in this Copernicus Sentinel-2 image," says ESA.



"When snow and ice melts atop glaciers, water flows in channels and streams and collects in depressions on the surface. These melt ponds can speed up the melting of the surrounding ice since they greatly reduce the ice’s ability to reflect sunlight."



"This can create a positive feedback where an increasing number of melt ponds absorb more heat which causes ice cover to melt even faster."



According to ESA, Greenland has been hit with a late-season heatwave that began in early September. This caused the type of melt event that usually occurs in the middle of summer.



"In a recent paper published in Nature Climate Change, scientists found that major sea-level rise from the melting of the Greenland ice cap is now ‘inevitable’ even if the burning of fossil fuels were to halt overnight," says ESA. "Using satellite observations of Greenland ice loss and ice cap from 2000 to 2019, the team found the losses will lead to a minimum rise of 27 cm regardless of climate change."



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Melt ponds on the Greenland Ice Sheet

[sendtonews key="qARzJPSabQ-2270617-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> describes a new map of Mars that is providing insight into the planet’s watery past. The map also reveals where future missions could safely land on Mars.&nbsp;



The map has been created over the last decade using observations of water-rich rocks and mineral deposits. The images were captured by ESA’s Mars Express and NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.



"A big surprise is the prevalence of these minerals, with the map revealing hundreds of thousands of water-affected locations in the oldest parts of the planet," says ESA. "The new data will help answer exciting questions about Mars’ climate history, whether water was globally persistent or confined to short, intense episodes, and whether the conditions were ever suitable for life."



"Specifically, the map shows the locations and abundances of aqueous minerals. These are from rocks that have been chemically altered by the action of water in the past, and have typically been transformed into clays and salts."



According to John Carter of the Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), our collective understanding of Mars has been oversimplified. He explained that planetary scientists have tended to think that only a few types of clay minerals on Mars were created during its wet period, then as the water gradually dried up, salts were produced across the planet.



The new map shows that the composition of Mars is much more complicated than what we thought. For example, while many salts formed after Martian clays, there are some salts that are presumed to be older than some of the clays.&nbsp;



“The evolution from lots of water to no water is not as clear cut as we thought, the water didn’t just stop overnight. We see a huge diversity of geological contexts, so that no one process or simple timeline can explain the evolution of the mineralogy of Mars. That’s the first result of our study. The second is that if you exclude life processes on Earth, Mars exhibits a diversity of mineralogy in geological settings just as Earth does,” said Carter.



Video Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The history of Mars is much more complex than we thought

[sendtonews key="qas3EhyI0Y-2220951-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.stowers.org/">Stowers Institute for Medical Research</a> describes how cavefish adapted to a sedentary lifestyle over tens of thousands of years. 



The experts found that the muscle metabolism of cavefish has been genetically reprogrammed over time. As a result, the animals have experienced major changes in their morphology and behavior. Despite these changes, however, the cavefish remain healthy and fit.



The research may provide new clues about the evolutionary consequences of prolonged physical inactivity in humans.&nbsp;



“It’s no surprise that people are moving less and less as technology has advanced,” said Rohner. “With cavefish, we have a unique system where we can study what might happen if people remained couch potatoes over very, very long periods of time.”



Video Credit: Stowers Institute for Medical Research



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Cavefish are healthy despite their sedentary lifestyle

[sendtonews key="vpljfR2VBX-2560867-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from the...

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Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> some of the most incredible waves in the world, as seen by Landsat satellites.



"With more than 370,000 miles of coastline on Earth, there are plenty of places where epic waves build up, curl over, and hurtle toward the shore.- much to the thrill of surfers," says NASA. "There are some places where these waves are so magnificent that they can be seen from space."



"With the broad perspective of satellites, we can see how these iconic waves develop into the world’s tallest, longest, fastest, and heaviest."



Video Credit: NASA Earth Observatory&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Satellites capture the world's biggest and fastest waves

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