In 2018, a silent threat we encounter daily - plastic chemicals - may have played a role in over 356,000 deaths from heart disease. Unlike dramatic outbreaks or high-profile toxins, this danger came from everyday plastic use.



More specifically, from the chemical di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), used in everything from food containers and IV bags to flooring and plastic wraps. While most people remain unaware of these risks, the scientific community is sounding a loud and urgent alarm.



Recent research led by scientists at <a href="https://nyulangone.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NYU Langone Health</a> brings global clarity to an issue long debated in toxicology circles. Their analysis, grounded in population-level health data and environmental exposure surveys, shows just how far-reaching the consequences of DEHP exposure really are. 



And in doing so, it transforms an abstract <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-normal-plastic-turns-into-dangerous-micro-and-nanoplastics/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">environmental worry</a> into a concrete human cost.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-plastic-chemicals-quietly-harming-the-heart-nbsp">Plastic chemicals quietly harming the heart&nbsp;</h2>



Phthalates like DEHP are used to make plastic flexible and durable. Over time, these chemicals leak from products and enter our bodies through food, water, and even the air. 



Once inside, they break down into several harmful metabolites: MEHP, MEHHP, MEOHP, and MECPP. These compounds affect hormonal systems, metabolism, and cardiovascular health.



The NYU study found that DEHP exposure was responsible for 13.497% of all cardiovascular deaths among adults aged 55–64 in 2018. This figure represents not just numbers but millions of years of life lost. 



The researchers estimated that globally, DEHP caused over 10.4 million years of life lost that year alone. These numbers offer a new lens through which to view our relationship with <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/your-chewing-gum-may-be-full-of-microplastics/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">plastic</a> - not just as a pollution problem, but as a driver of premature death.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-plastic-linked-heart-deaths-in-asia">Plastic-linked heart deaths in Asia</h2>



One of the study’s most revealing findings is the stark global inequality in exposure. DEHP-related heart disease deaths were not evenly distributed. Nearly three-fourths of all such deaths occurred in Asia. 



India alone accounted for more than 103,000. China followed with over 60,000, and Indonesia ranked third. The researchers linked this concentration to rapid industrial expansion in these regions, combined with weaker environmental protections.



The Middle East and South Asia showed the highest DEHP exposure <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/plastic-treaty-is-a-historic-opportunity-to-stop-a-human-health-crisis/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">levels</a>, with some areas having six times the exposure seen in European countries. These areas also saw the highest percentage of cardiovascular deaths attributable to DEHP.



“There is a clear disparity in which parts of the world bear the brunt of heightened heart risks from phthalates,” said study senior author Leonardo Trasande.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-plastic-chemical-triggers-inflammation">Plastic chemical triggers inflammation</h2>



DEHP doesn’t act alone. It breaks down into metabolites that accumulate in the body and influence cardiovascular processes in several ways. 



They act as anti-androgens, interfere with lipid and glucose metabolism, and trigger inflammation in artery walls. These conditions are well-known drivers of heart attacks, strokes, and atherosclerosis.



Studies on human tissues have found microplastics lodged in blood vessels, sometimes near damaged or inflamed areas. This raises concerns that <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/microplastics-linked-to-health-issues-including-cancer-and-infertility/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">plastics</a> not only release harmful chemicals but may also act as physical irritants in the cardiovascular system.



To estimate risk, the NYU team analyzed data on DEHP exposure from urine samples collected globally in 2008. They then matched these exposure levels to mortality data from 2018, using established risk models. The result was a detailed map showing how different levels of DEHP exposure correlated with increased cardiovascular deaths.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-plastic-damages-health-with-trillions-lost">Plastic damages health, with trillions lost</h2>



The toll of DEHP exposure doesn’t stop at lost lives. The study estimates the economic burden to range from $10.2 billion to as high as $3.74 trillion. These numbers include lost productivity, healthcare costs, and the societal value of years of life lost.



Different countries might calculate these costs in various ways. Some use a standard value per lost year of life; others calculate based on income levels. But whichever method is used, the conclusion is the same: phthalate exposure is costing humanity dearly.



“By highlighting the connection between phthalates and a leading cause of death across the world, our findings add to the vast body of evidence that these chemicals present a tremendous <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/drinking-from-plastic-bottles-linked-to-high-blood-pressure-and-heart-problems/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">danger</a> to human health,” said lead author Sara Hyman.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-exposure-levels-and-death-risks">Exposure levels and death risks</h2>



Even within a single country, some people face much higher risks from plastic chemicals. The study found wide gaps between those with the lowest and highest levels of DEHP exposure.



In the United States and Africa, individuals in the top 5% exposure group had up to 30% higher DEHP-related cardiovascular mortality than those with lower exposure.



In contrast, countries in South Asia and East Asia saw elevated risks across the board. That means even people with “average” exposure in these regions faced high mortality risks. This suggests that in such areas, phthalates are deeply embedded in everyday life - from packaging to air to water.



The inequality is not just geographic. It’s also environmental, economic, and systemic. Countries with poor waste management, lax regulation, and high plastic consumption suffer more, especially when older adults are more vulnerable to heart disease.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-regulatory-gaps-and-delays">Regulatory gaps and delays</h2>



The timeline used in the study - 2008 exposure data and 2018 health outcomes - highlights another issue. Many countries implemented DEHP regulations only after 2018.



The European Union, Canada, Australia, and Japan had early restrictions in food packaging and childcare products. However, many countries had no such rules during the study period.



In recent years, some nations, including China and India, have started tightening controls. Yet even now, global regulation remains inconsistent. Many high-income countries continue to export plastic waste to lower-income nations, increasing exposure risks in already vulnerable regions.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-protecting-lives-from-plastic-chemicals">Protecting lives from plastic chemicals</h2>



The global community has taken some initial steps. In 2022, the UN began negotiations for a legally binding treaty to address plastic pollution. But efforts to limit production face strong resistance from petrochemical-producing countries.



This research provides key evidence to support stronger international policies. Reducing DEHP exposure will require more than bans on specific products. It will need coordinated action across supply chains, consumer behavior, waste management, and environmental justice.



Limiting exposure at the highest percentiles - those most affected - could yield the greatest health benefits. And extending bio-monitoring programs to regions without current data could help tailor interventions.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-true-cost-of-plastic-comfort">The true cost of plastic comfort</h2>



Plastics have made life easier in many ways. But their hidden costs are now surfacing. This study, the first of its kind to model global plastic chemical DEHP-related heart disease mortality, shows the damage extends beyond pollution and into our arteries.



By exposing this connection, researchers have given the world a chance to act. Whether governments respond with decisive regulation or continue business as usual remains to be seen. But one thing is clear: the cost of ignoring plastic's effects on health is far too high.



Trasande and his team plan to investigate how reducing DEHP exposure might change mortality outcomes in the future. Their work lays the groundwork for safer, healthier policies around plastics. 



It is now up to global leaders to decide whether they will listen to the science - or continue to pay the price in lives lost.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/ebiom/article/PIIS2352-3964(25)00174-4/fulltext" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EBioMedicine</a>.



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Hidden chemical in plastic may be taking years off your life

In 2018, a silent threat we encounter daily - plastic chemicals - may have played a role in over 356,000 deaths from heart disease. Unlike dramatic outbreaks or high-profile toxins, this danger came from everyday plastic use. More specifically, from the chemical di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), used in everything from food containers and IV bags to flooring and plastic wraps. While most people remain unaware of these risks, the scientific community is sounding a loud and urgent alarm. Recent research led by scientists at NYU Langone Health brings...

As landscapes shift around the world, changes in wildlife habitats often bring animals into closer contact with human populations. Such is the case in the American West, where certain populations of grizzly bears (also known as brown bears) are moving onto the prairie following successful conservation initiatives.&nbsp;



While the recovery of these formidable carnivores has been hailed as a significant victory, it has also triggered new challenges, as people grow wary of sharing the land with such large and powerful predators.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-return-of-grizzlies-to-the-great-plains">Return of grizzlies to the Great Plains</h2>



In the contiguous United States, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/grizzly-bear-conservation-must-focus-on-habitat-quality-and-mortality-risk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">grizzly bears</a> have been classified as a protected species since the 1970s. Over several decades, conservation efforts and legal safeguards have allowed them to expand and reclaim parts of their historical range.&nbsp;



In areas like the greater Yellowstone ecosystem and Glacier National Park, populations have rebounded so effectively that grizzlies have migrated out from the mountains and onto the flat, open prairie.



Such reoccupation of ancient habitats can create conflicts where human settlement and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/climate-and-agriculture-are-locked-in-a-destructive-feedback-loop/">agriculture</a> now dominate. 



These bears, weighing up to 751 kilograms (1,656 pounds) and possessing claws 15 centimeters (6 inches) long, can indeed pose risks - though their diet is often omnivorous and plant-based, they remain powerful predators.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-addressing-public-concerns-and-fears">Addressing public concerns and fears</h2>



As grizzlies re-enter the plains, many local residents find themselves living alongside an animal that can kill livestock, cause property damage, and - though rarely - pose a threat to people.&nbsp;



Recognizing these community concerns, <a href="https://fwp.mt.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks</a> and the <a href="https://www.fws.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a> responded by assigning a specialized bear manager, Wesley Sarmento from the <a href="https://www.umt.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Montana</a>, to handle issues of human-bear conflict.



Sarmento held a series of public meetings to gather input. Residents voiced their main request: keep grizzlies out of towns, away from homes, and prevent them from preying on livestock.&nbsp;



Sarmento committed to addressing these requests by hazing bears - using methods intended to chase and deter bears from undesirable behaviors without harming them.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-hazing-in-wildlife-management-nbsp">Hazing in wildlife management&nbsp;</h2>



Although hazing is commonly mentioned in wildlife management, few studies have formally tested its efficacy.&nbsp;



Seeking to fill that gap, Sarmento decided to record data on how well hazing succeeded in moving bears from problem areas and whether it instilled a lasting aversion in the animals, a concept known as “aversive conditioning.”



Initially, he used standard tools: a truck and a shotgun loaded with non-lethal ammunition, such as cracker shells and rubber rounds, designed to discourage bears without causing permanent injury.&nbsp;



In one instance, encountering a large, agitated male grizzly in a soggy field, Sarmento found it impossible to drive close. Approaching on foot, the bear charged - but a timely cracker shell deterred it. This dramatic experience led to interest in a new tool: “bear dogs.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-dogs-and-drones-tools-for-hazing-bears">Dogs and drones: Tools for hazing bears</h2>



Sarmento acquired two adult Airedale Terriers, known locally as a favored breed, hoping they would help locate and chase off grizzlies. Some residents supported the idea, while others doubted the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/dogs-suffer-from-the-january-blues-just-like-humans/">dogs</a>’ effectiveness. 



In practice, the dogs were inconsistent at detecting bears, often chasing other animals, such as feral cats or porcupines instead. Repeated training efforts yielded limited results.



Given the dogs’ shortcomings, the manager then turned to technology: a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/drones-reveal-hidden-biodiversity-in-rainforest-canopies/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">drone</a>. Equipped with a thermal camera, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) could be flown over fences, canals, and uneven terrain.&nbsp;



Operators could remain safely in a vehicle while piloting the drone to harass and direct grizzlies away from sensitive areas like homes, towns, and livestock pastures - day or night.



This method proved highly effective. Bears could be steered exactly where Sarmento wanted, and the drone’s distinctive buzzing sound was enough to startle them into moving away quickly.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-drones-teach-bears-to-avoid-humans">Drones teach bears to avoid humans</h2>



Over time, data showed that older bears needed fewer drone interventions, suggesting they learned to avoid humans and their properties after repeated negative encounters. 



Additionally, the annual number of hazing events declined, an indicator of successful aversive conditioning.&nbsp;



This outcome benefitted both communities and wildlife: fewer conflicts meant fewer reasons for authorities to consider lethal or other severe control measures.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-reducing-risks-for-bears-and-people">Reducing risks for bears and people</h2>



While success with drones and non-lethal deterrence methods is promising, the rate at which grizzlies are returning to the plains continues to raise concerns. Bears can remain at least partially drawn to the same foods and resources humans also value, increasing the likelihood of conflict.&nbsp;



Moreover, with climate change and other ecological pressures, maintaining safe coexistence between humans and grizzlies will require ongoing innovation and engagement with local communities.



Ultimately, the experiences in Montana demonstrate that even formidable predators like the grizzly bear can be deterred and taught to steer clear of human properties.&nbsp;



By combining aversive conditioning with new technologies, wildlife managers can reduce risks to both bears and people, preserving a conservation success story while addressing the inevitable challenges of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/human-wildlife-overlap-is-rapidly-rising-across-the-globe/">human-wildlife</a> coexistence.



More details can be found in Sarmento’s article, published in the journal <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/conservation-science/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2024.1478450/full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Frontiers in Conservation Sciences</a>.



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Keeping the peace: How drones can help humans and bears coexist

As landscapes shift around the world, changes in wildlife habitats...

Gene,Therapy,For,Cancer,Treatment,Concept,Cancer,Therapy,With,T-cell

What if your risk of developing cancer was already determined before your birth? While scientists have long believed cancer results primarily from genetic mutations and environmental exposures, a recent study suggests a different possibility.



Researchers at&nbsp;<a href="https://www.vai.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Van&nbsp;Andel&nbsp;Institute</a>&nbsp;have discovered that cancer susceptibility may be programmed in the womb, influenced by epigenetic states formed during early development.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-early-development-and-cancer-risk">Early development and cancer risk</h2>



“Because most <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/ai-is-the-next-frontier-in-cancer-treatment/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cancers</a> occur later in life and are understood as diseases of mutation, or genetics, there hasn’t been a deep focus on how development might shape cancer risk," noted J. Andrew Pospisilik, Ph.D., chair of Van Andel Institute’s Department of Epigenetics.



"Our findings change that. Our identification of these two epigenetically different states open the door to an entirely new world of study into the underpinnings of cancer,” 



A study published in the journal Nature Cancer has identified two distinct epigenetic states that emerge during development. 



One of these states corresponds with a lower lifetime cancer risk, while the other is associated with a significantly higher risk.



These findings suggest that <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/breakthrough-discovery-about-cell-migration-will-help-defeat-cancer/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cancer</a> risk isn’t just a matter of bad luck or lifestyle choices but may be set in motion before birth.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-epigenetics-in-cancer-risk">Epigenetics in cancer risk</h2>



Epigenetics governs how and when genes are expressed, influencing cell function without altering DNA sequences. 



Unlike <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/video-games-could-accelerate-discoveries-in-cancer-research/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">genetic mutations</a>, which permanently change DNA, epigenetic modifications are reversible and influenced by environmental factors. 



Errors in these processes can weaken the body’s ability to regulate cell growth and division, potentially increasing cancer susceptibility.



The study highlights how developmental epigenetic differences contribute to cancer risk. If cancer arises in the lower-risk state, it tends to manifest as a liquid tumor, such as leukemia or lymphoma. 



Conversely, individuals in the higher-risk state are more prone to solid tumors, including lung and prostate cancer. 



These findings suggest that cancer susceptibility is shaped by biological processes that occur before birth, rather than being entirely the result of mutations acquired over time.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-distinct-genetic-patterns">Distinct genetic patterns </h2>



The researchers focused on the gene&nbsp;Trim28, which plays a key role in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/secrets-of-cancer-cell-death-may-transform-treatment/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">maintaining epigenetic stability</a>. They found that mice with reduced levels of&nbsp;Trim28&nbsp;exhibited one of two distinct epigenetic patterns on cancer-related genes. 



These patterns, established during development, influence an individual’s likelihood of developing cancer later in life.



“Everyone has some level of risk but, when cancer does arise, we tend to think of it just as bad luck,” said Dr. Ilaria Panzeri, a research scientist in the Pospisilik Lab and the study’s first author.



“However, bad luck doesn’t fully explain why some people develop cancer and others don’t. Most importantly, bad luck cannot be targeted for treatment. Epigenetics, on the other hand, can be targeted. Our findings show that cancer’s roots may start during the sensitive period of development, offering a new perspective to study the disease and potential new options for <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/dna-damage-can-persist-for-years-increasing-cancer-risks/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">diagnosis and treatment</a>.”



These results challenge conventional perspectives on cancer development. Traditionally, cancer is considered a disease of accumulated mutations and DNA damage. 



However, this study indicates that epigenetic mechanisms set in motion before birth may influence cancer risk decades later. The findings open new avenues for research into cancer prevention and early diagnosis.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-lifelong-impact-of-epigenetic-states">Lifelong impact of epigenetic states</h2>



The study found evidence of these two epigenetic states across various tissues in the body. This suggests that developmental epigenetic risk may not be limited to one type of cancer but could apply to multiple forms of the disease. 



The presence of these epigenetic markers across different organs implies a systemic impact, possibly affecting cancer risk throughout the entire body.



Cancer risk increases as individuals age, primarily due to the accumulation of DNA damage and exposure to environmental factors. 



However, not every abnormal cell progresses into <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/ketogenic-diet-may-help-the-body-kill-cancer-cells/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cancer</a>. This study highlights how epigenetic processes established early in life may influence whether or not precancerous cells become malignant. Understanding these early changes provides a valuable opportunity for intervention.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-new-directions-for-cancer-research">New directions for cancer research</h2>



The research team plans to investigate how these two epigenetic states affect specific types of cancer in future studies. 



By identifying the molecular pathways that distinguish high-risk and low-risk epigenetic states, scientists could develop strategies to shift individuals toward the lower-risk state. 



This could lead to potential new treatments aimed at modifying epigenetic patterns before cancer develops.



Future research will explore whether external factors, such as diet, stress, or environmental toxins, influence these epigenetic states. 



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cancer-prevention-strategies">Cancer prevention strategies </h2>



If researchers can identify ways to alter these genetic patterns, it may be possible to reduce cancer risk through targeted interventions. 



Understanding the mechanisms behind these developmental states could lead to breakthroughs in cancer prevention and early detection.



By shifting the focus from genetic mutations to developmental epigenetics, this research challenges existing models of cancer formation. 



The findings suggest that cancer prevention strategies could extend beyond traditional approaches, incorporating insights into early developmental processes.



The study provides a foundation for future investigations into how epigenetic states influence cancer risk and offers new hope for early diagnosis and targeted treatments.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43018-024-00900-3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nature Cancer</a>.



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Our lifetime cancer risk may be established before we are born

What if your risk of developing cancer was already determined...

In a world where driverless vehicles capture headlines, there’s a quieter shift shaping the future of transportation. 



While many companies focus on ferrying people around busy cities, a growing niche is turning its attention to mundane, repetitive tasks.



These tasks may not grab the spotlight, but they keep logistics, city maintenance, and industrial sites running. Some drivers complain about long hours or hazardous routes, while others quit. 



As a result, new ventures are stepping in to hand these “crappy jobs” over to self-driving workhorses.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-growing-interest-in-driverless-utility-vehicles">Growing interest in driverless utility vehicles</h2>



<a href="https://www.infosys.com/insights/ai-automation/autonomous-technologies.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Autonomous technology</a> is often seen as synonymous with <a href="https://www.technologyreview.com/2025/01/03/1108950/robotaxis-driverless-cars-breakthrough-technologies-2025/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">robotaxis</a> or passenger shuttles. 



However, engineers are finding that commercial and industrial settings provide more predictable environments for the operation of driverless vehicles.



Warehouses, mining sites, and city service jobs can be streamlined through driverless vehicles that do chores no one else wants to tackle. Businesses see these specialized vehicles as a way to speed up operations, keep workers out of harm’s way, and cut costs.



They also hope to reduce human error, which is often a factor in minor mishaps and lost productivity.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-background-a-surge-in-local-expertise">Background: A surge in local expertise</h2>



When Australia’s once-famous car manufacturing sector <a href="https://www.swinburne.edu.au/news/2016/10/collapse-of-australian-car-manufacturing-industry/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">collapsed</a> in the mid-2010s, many talented engineers and technicians found themselves jobless. That wave of skill and experience sparked fresh ideas for emerging companies.



One such venture is <a href="https://www.appliedev.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Applied EV</a>, co-founded by General Motors veteran <a href="https://www.automobil-elektronik-kongress.de/hosts-speakers/detail/veranstaltung/2024/sprecher/julian-broadbent/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Julian Broadbent</a>, Chief Executive Officer at Applied EV. 



The automotive shakeup pushed him and his team to tackle unappealing but necessary tasks by using robotic <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/the-future-is-electric-epa-sets-strictest-ever-vehicle-emission-rules/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">vehicles</a>. Their approach is gaining attention from global partners.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-one-path-to-autonomy">One path to autonomy</h2>



Broadbent believes that focusing on less glamorous work is an easier strategy than chasing the hype around driverless taxis.



“Making robot taxis requires huge investment. We found an easier road to market by looking at all the crappy jobs. The dull and dangerous jobs that drivers don’t want to do, the monotonous work,” said Broadbent in an interview.



He sees applications everywhere, from running deliveries in large warehouses to taking on roadside cleaning duties. He also noted that local talent was abundant after major carmakers left Australia.



“We looked out the window and realized we could pick up a lot of talent. Ford, GM, Nissan all left in a hurry,” the chief executive said.



This mindset shaped Applied EV’s focus on tasks that do not require the complex decision-making of urban passenger travel.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-worker-shortages-and-driverless-utility-vehicles">Worker shortages and driverless utility vehicles</h2>



Driver shortages in various regions have sparked fresh thinking. The <a href="https://www.trucking.org/news-insights/ata-chief-economist-pegs-driver-shortage-historic-high" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">American Trucking Associations</a> reported a shortfall of about 80,000 truck drivers in 2021.&nbsp;



Employers are juggling high turnover and rising wages. Many routes are unappealing, and some companies struggle to retain staff who face monotonous tasks.



Autonomous utility vehicles promise to cover these jobs without risking human safety. Broadbent highlighted how this creates practical solutions for multiple <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/direct-evidence-electric-vehicles-measurably-reduce-carbon-emissions/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">industries</a>.



“The public will feel comfortable with this - we’re solving real human problems,” commented Broadbent.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-suzuki-invests-in-autonomous-vehicles">Suzuki invests in autonomous vehicles</h2>



Applied EV’s specialized software, designed to power various <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/new-electric-car-battery-charges-in-just-4-5-minutes/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">commercial vehicles</a>, caught the attention of Japan’s Suzuki. 



The giant automaker took a stake in the company with the aim of rolling out driverless solutions that handle chores in places like retail complexes and manufacturing plants.



Instead of competing with larger, self-driving taxi projects, Suzuki and Applied EV hope to build simpler units that move cargo and maintain facilities. 



Their vision is to help businesses allocate people to tasks that require a personal touch, while letting robots handle repetitive driving jobs.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-australia-s-contribution-to-the-ev-supply-chain">Australia’s contribution to the ev supply chain</h2>



Beyond the engineering talent, Australia supplies critical materials for electric vehicles. According to <a href="https://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/minerals/mineral-resources-and-advice/australian-resource-reviews/lithium" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Geoscience Australia</a>, the country holds around 6.3 million tons (5.7 million metric tons) of lithium resources.



This mineral is essential for most modern EV batteries. With manufacturers around the globe looking for battery metals, Australia is stepping up as a source of lithium, <a href="https://reneweconomy.com.au/greener-steel-lithium-and-graphite-the-focus-in-new-state-government-funding-round/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">graphite</a>, and other key elements.



That strengthens its position as a valuable player in the broader electric vehicle market, alongside companies like Applied EV.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-driverless-vehicles-promise-to-reshape-industries">Driverless vehicles promise to reshape industries</h2>



There’s a sense of optimism in this corner of the transportation world. More companies are likely to adopt driverless vehicles to manage jobs that typically see high turnover or safety risks.



Mitsubishi has also taken notice of Australian tech expertise by investing about £26 million in Canberra-based <a href="https://www.autoworldjournal.com/mitsubishi-electric-joins-seeing-machines/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Seeing Machines</a>, which specializes in driver-monitoring systems. Such deals hint at an appetite for creative solutions that avoid the fiercely competitive space of passenger autonomy.



Rather than aiming for congested roads, outfits like Applied EV look set to reshape behind-the-scenes operations across different industries. They don’t promise futuristic rides or fancy perks.



Instead, they target everyday chores that rarely excite people but are essential for maintaining cities, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/webb-telescope-directly-observes-carbon-factories-milky-way-galaxy-wolf-rayet-140/">factories</a>, and farms. With a focus on these overlooked areas, autonomous technology may make life easier for workers while boosting efficiency.



By staying under the radar, these vehicles quietly prove that technology can step in where drivers would rather not tread.



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Driverless utility vehicles are taking over boring and risky jobs

In a world where driverless vehicles capture headlines, there’s a...

Remember when being single was considered a temporary pit stop on the road to happily-ever-after? Those days are fading fast. A new study has turned conventional wisdom about relationships upside down, revealing an unexpected truth: single women are thriving, while single men are struggling to find their footing in solo life.



Researchers Elaine Hoan and Professor Geoff MacDonald analyzed nearly 6,000 adults, measuring their satisfaction with life, relationships, and sexual fulfillment. 



The findings suggest that men may have more to gain than women from being in a romantic relationship, while women tend to thrive in singlehood.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-pressure-on-men-to-find-a-partner">Pressure on men to find a partner</h2>



The study from the <a href="https://www.utoronto.ca" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Toronto</a> highlights how societal expectations shape men’s <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/male-and-female-brains-are-wired-completely-differently/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">experiences</a> in dating and singlehood. Hoan explains that traditional masculinity places a high value on romantic and sexual success. 



“There’s the notion that to really 'be a man,' you must be the type that 'gets girls' - it’s a sign of status,” said Hoan. This expectation can make it harder for men to embrace singlehood and can lead to frustration if they struggle to find a partner.



Men typically find it more difficult to initiate relationships, which means they may feel a greater sense of isolation or unfulfillment when single. 



In contrast, women do not face the same level of pressure to prove their desirability, which may allow them to enjoy their independence more fully.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-sexual-fulfillment-in-single-women">Sexual fulfillment in single women</h2>



One of the most striking findings of the study is that single women report higher levels of sexual fulfillment compared to single men. 



Traditional gender roles often place men’s sexual needs above women’s in relationships, meaning that single women may experience more freedom to explore their own pleasure without prioritizing a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/human-evolution-why-men-are-advancing-faster-than-women/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">male partner</a>’s satisfaction.



For men, singlehood often means a lack of access to sexual experiences, which can contribute to feelings of dissatisfaction. 



Women, however, may have an easier time navigating their sexuality on their own terms, which could explain their higher levels of fulfillment.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-stronger-social-support-for-single-women">Stronger social support for single women</h2>



Women also tend to have stronger social networks, which may help explain their higher levels of happiness in singlehood. Close friendships and emotional support systems provide many of the benefits that romantic relationships offer, making single life more enjoyable and less lonely.



Men, on the other hand, often rely heavily on their romantic partners for emotional connection. Without a relationship, they may find themselves with fewer outlets for support, which can lead to a decline in well-being. 



The absence of strong friendships may make singlehood feel more isolating for men compared to women.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-financial-independence-of-single-women">Financial independence of single women</h2>



Another key factor contributing to women’s happiness in singlehood is financial independence. Historically, marriage provided women with economic security, but today, many women are financially self-sufficient. 



As a result, the practical benefits of partnership have become less of a driving force in relationship decisions.



Women no longer feel pressured to settle into relationships for financial stability, allowing them to prioritize their personal happiness. This shift gives them the freedom to enjoy singlehood without feeling like they are missing out on something essential for their well-being.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-men-s-fear-of-singlehood">Men’s fear of singlehood</h2>



The study builds on existing research that shows men fear singlehood more than women do. Younger men, in particular, struggle with being single, though older men tend to <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/men-and-women-sleep-differently-and-we-finally-know-why/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">become more content</a> with their single status over time.



Hoan and MacDonald also explored how single men’s dissatisfaction might connect to the rise of incel communities. Incels - short for "involuntarily celibate" - are men who feel resentful toward women due to their inability to form romantic relationships.



While incels represent an extreme subset, the study suggests that broader dissatisfaction among single men could be a contributing factor to the growth of such communities.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-romantic-relationships-may-feel-less-rewarding">Romantic relationships may feel less rewarding</h2>



While the study does not directly explain why romantic relationships tend to be less fulfilling for women, it supports existing research on gender roles in partnerships. 



Hoan noted that in heteronormative relationships, women often take on an unequal share of domestic and emotional labor. This imbalance can make relationships feel more burdensome than beneficial, leading some women to find singlehood more <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/forming-healthy-habits-takes-much-longer-than-21-days/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">rewarding</a>.



Additionally, studies show that women’s sexual pleasure is often deprioritized in relationships, which may contribute to their higher levels of sexual fulfillment when single. 



Without the constraints of an imbalanced partnership, women may experience more autonomy and personal satisfaction.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-future-of-relationships">Future of relationships</h2>



Hoan and MacDonald’s findings challenge traditional narratives about relationships and happiness. 



Their research suggests that singlehood is not inherently negative, especially for women, and that societal pressures on men to seek relationships may contribute to their lower levels of well-being when single.



The researchers plan to continue their work by examining how marriage and romantic relationships contribute to well-being on a global scale. As cultural attitudes toward relationships continue to evolve, their findings may help shape new perspectives on love, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/why-women-experience-more-chronic-pain-than-men/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">partnership</a>, and personal fulfillment.



Hoan’s final message serves as an important reminder for those who feel pressured to enter a relationship. “If you want to stay single, you may be happier for it."



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/19485506241287960" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Social Psychological and Personality Science</a>.



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Who is happier - single men or single women? You may be surprised

Remember when being single was considered a temporary pit stop...

In today’s digital age, educators constantly seek innovative ways to engage students and enhance learning outcomes. A recent study by researchers from Ateneo de Manila University reveals that incorporating internet memes into science education can significantly improve students’ learning and retention of complex topics. 



Conducted by Alyanna Nicole Carlos and Dr. Emmanuel Delocado, the study explored how humor and cultural relevance can make science more accessible, especially for non-STEM senior high school students.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-meme-based-learning-in-science">Meme-based learning in science</h2>



The research focused on Grade 11 students from private high schools in the Philippines, particularly those in non-STEM tracks who are still required to take biology as part of their curriculum. 



A total of 200 students who participated in the study were divided into two groups: an experimental group that received meme-infused lessons and a control group that followed traditional <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/math-anxiety-can-be-cured-with-colors/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">teaching methods</a> without memes.



Over a five-week period, both groups learned about complex biology topics, including cellular division and genetics. 



However, the experimental group also engaged in activities that involved creating their own memes based on the lessons. This approach encouraged creativity and deeper engagement with the subject matter.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-impact-of-memes-on-learning">Impact of memes on learning</h2>



To evaluate the effectiveness of meme-based teaching, researchers used pre-tests and post-tests with 30 questions each. 



These tests assessed students’ comprehension and retention of key biological concepts. Additionally, surveys measured students’ attitudes toward science and their confidence in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/when-it-comes-to-practice-and-learning-variety-is-key/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">learning</a> biology.



The results were striking. Students who were taught using memes scored 21% higher on their post-tests than those who received traditional instruction. The experimental group achieved an average score of 21.46 correct answers, while the control group averaged only 17.74.



Beyond improving test scores, the study revealed that meme-based learning had a positive psychological effect on students. Those exposed to memes developed a more favorable attitude toward biology and reported greater confidence in their ability to grasp and apply scientific concepts. 



The use of humor in learning reduced anxiety and made science lessons more engaging and memorable.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-why-memes-work">Why memes work</h2>



Memes are more than just internet jokes; they serve as powerful cognitive tools that simplify complex ideas. “Memes can act as cognitive shortcuts,” said Alyanna Nicole Carlos. “They simplify abstract concepts and make <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/variable-learning-the-key-to-more-effective-study-habits/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">learning</a> enjoyable.”



By leveraging humor, cultural references, and relatable content, memes help students connect with scientific concepts on a personal level. 



This connection enhances memory retention and makes abstract topics feel more approachable. Instead of rote memorization, students engage in meaningful learning, linking biological principles to everyday life through humor.



“Humor and culture can be powerful tools in education. Memes can make even the most intimidating subjects accessible,” noted Dr. Emmanuel Delocado.



This aligns with existing research in education psychology, which suggests that positive emotions enhance cognitive processing and improve long-term knowledge retention.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-creating-memes-for-better-learning">Creating memes for better learning</h2>



One of the most effective aspects of this study was the inclusion of student-generated memes. By encouraging learners to create their own content, educators allowed them to actively engage with scientific concepts in a way that resonated with their personal experiences.



This creative process required students to think critically about the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/finger-counting-boosts-math-skills-in-children/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">subject matter</a> and present it in a format that their peers would understand and appreciate. 



By doing so, they not only reinforced their learning but also developed essential skills in communication, creativity, and digital literacy - skills that are increasingly valuable in today’s information-driven world.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-implications-for-teachers-and-educators">Implications for teachers and educators</h2>



The findings of this study offer exciting possibilities for educators looking to connect with Gen Z learners. Traditional teaching methods may not always capture students’ interest, especially in an era dominated by digital media and fast-paced information consumption. 



However, memes provide a unique way to bridge the gap between academic content and students’ everyday digital experiences.



For teachers, integrating memes into lesson plans can create a more interactive and dynamic classroom environment. Memes can serve as conversation starters, reinforce key concepts, and make <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/toddlers-learn-faster-after-witnessing-impossible-events/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">learning</a> feel less intimidating. 



By using a medium that students already engage with daily, educators can tap into their natural curiosity and enthusiasm for digital culture.



Moreover, meme-based learning aligns with the growing emphasis on student-centered education. Rather than passively receiving information, students become active participants in their learning journey, using creativity and humor to deepen their understanding of scientific concepts.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-future-of-meme-enhanced-learning">Future of meme-enhanced learning</h2>



The <a href="https://www.ateneo.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Ateneo</a> study highlights the untapped potential of memes as educational tools. By leveraging humor, creativity, and cultural relevance, memes can transform science education into a more engaging and enjoyable experience.



As digital natives, today’s students thrive in environments that incorporate elements of online culture into <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/secrets-of-learning-how-our-brains-neurons-make-and-retrieve-memories/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">learning</a>. 



By embracing meme-based teaching strategies, educators can promote a more positive and effective learning atmosphere, helping students develop both scientific knowledge and essential critical thinking skills.



With further research and implementation, meme-enhanced education could become a widely accepted teaching strategy, not just in science but across multiple disciplines. 



As this study has shown, humor and engagement can make a significant difference in learning outcomes, proving that sometimes, a well-placed meme can be just as effective as a well-written textbook.



The study is published in <a href="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ajbe/16/0/16_34/_article" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Asian Journal of Biology Education</a>.&nbsp; 



Image Credit: Reddit.com, Twimg.com, Imgflip.com, and Pinimg.com



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Memes help students learn science and boost engagement

In today’s digital age, educators constantly seek innovative ways to...

From adding up lunch bills to juggling monthly expenses, mathematics can feel like a steep climb for many people. The frustration can become so intense that some avoid any numbers that seem daunting, losing out on jobs and opportunities in the process. 



It’s no wonder that organizations tracking adult skills keep pointing to math anxiety as a serious barrier to well-being. 



Math anxiety doesn’t just hinder academic progress; it also impacts career opportunities, financial literacy, and overall confidence in navigating <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-the-brain-uses-context-to-make-complex-decisions/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">daily life</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-color-transforms-perception-in-mathematics">Color transforms perception in mathematics</h2>



Artist and educator Brook Tate says he once felt paralyzed at the mention of even basic number problems. He had hoped to become a children’s nurse, but he struggled with the numeric test required for nursing school. 



While this setback discouraged him, he looked for a new approach that would make numbers less intimidating. He traveled, worked with children in India, and found himself questioning the usual ways of teaching math.



Tate, who lives in Bristol, was inspired by the legacy of mathematician Alan Turing and decided to mix art, color, and pattern to ease math anxiety. He says a vibrant dream on Munroe Island sparked his color-coded method, leading to ideas about how shapes and colors could represent digits from 0 to 9. 



“I woke up and thought, ‘That’s math, I don’t know how, but that is math,’” said Tate. He calls it the <a href="https://www.multicolourmaths.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">multicolour math method</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-patterns-that-calm-and-motivate">Patterns that calm and motivate</h2>



Tate suggests that assigning each digit its own color helps people see how addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division link together visually. The shapes are arranged like building blocks, and individuals can rearrange them into patterns that quickly highlight relationships between numbers. 



Tate tried his approach in workshops with both adults and children at <a href="https://www.callicroftprimary.org.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Callicroft Primary Academy.</a> The school’s teacher, Luke Guest, said, “I believe it’s going to help them."



Advocates of this approach say that once math is presented as a puzzle of colors and shapes, the usual dread fades. The calmness of drawing and coloring encourages a new perspective. 



Tate feels it’s been transformative in his own life. "I love math now, it’s cured my math anxiety, math for me is now like an endless poem and song."



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-why-attitudes-matter">Why attitudes matter</h2>



Struggling with math is not just a classroom issue. Numbers follow people through rent payments, job interviews, recipe portions, and everyday money decisions. Those who feel overwhelmed by figures sometimes avoid career paths that require even modest math skills.&nbsp;



That avoidance can have serious consequences later, since research shows that low numeracy can hurt job prospects and incomes. One <a href="https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/22309/1/doc_3186.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">study</a> found that lower math skills may lead to fewer employment opportunities and more time spent unemployed.



Sam Sims from the charity National Numeracy has been urging businesses, public institutions, and community groups to join forces to help everyone gain more confidence in their math abilities. “Progress will require systemic change,” said Sims.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-number-skills-change-lives-and-economies">Number skills change lives and economies</h2>



Researchers note that limited number skills can come with emotional and financial burdens. Data from a study points to poor numeracy costing the UK economy around £20 billion a year, mainly through lost productivity and unemployment.



According to another international <a href="https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/104394/pdf/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">survey</a>, 57.4% of English adults score below the level of numeric skill expected of children aged 9 to 11.3. 



Educators warn that math anxiety can begin early and linger, reinforcing the notion that certain people just can’t grasp numbers.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-fresh-way-to-learn">A fresh way to learn</h2>



Tate believes his color-coded system offers a route out of these difficulties by turning numbers into something you can see rather than fear. He says that when teachers and parents encourage creativity in a math lesson, learners are more relaxed and willing to give new methods a try. 



Additional researchers have also shown interest in this approach. Tom Crawford from Oxford University finds the visual system intriguing and is open to a formal study with children and adults. “I’d be interested to create a more formal study,” said Dr. Crawford.



Meanwhile, some participants from Tate’s pilot sessions say they finally feel safe exploring math without embarrassment. One reason is that the approach gives them an immediate sense of playfulness, rather than the usual panic. 



Placing colorful tiles or shapes in a pattern can feel more like a craft activity, and the final design draws the eye away from old feelings of shame around numbers.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-new-perspectives-in-mathematics-education">New perspectives in mathematics education</h2>



Tate hopes his multicolor <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/quantum-impossibility-made-possible-using-exotic-mathematics/">math method</a> can bring new confidence to families, teachers, and even advanced researchers who find certain equations baffling. He wants to partner with more schools and possibly run large-scale trials in collaboration with higher education experts. 



Though he started with modest experiments, his belief that art and color can soften math anxiety has grown stronger, especially after seeing children grasp new concepts within minutes.



He knows his bright collection of shapes won’t replace traditional methods or official exams, but he’s certain it can give math-shy learners a foot in the door. Feeling comfortable with numbers leads to better prospects at work, improved financial decisions, and less stress around everyday tasks.&nbsp;



These results matter for all ages, from students tackling their first times table to adults juggling mortgage payments. Tate’s dream-inspired discovery arrives at a moment when many people are searching for better ways to make numbers click. 



Even though math can seem like a puzzle without a solution, Tate's method shows that color might be the spark missing in conventional approaches.



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Math anxiety can be cured with colors

From adding up lunch bills to juggling monthly expenses, mathematics...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has gradually embedded itself in daily life, often without fanfare. Yet behind everyday conveniences like automated customer service chats and photo-sorting apps, AI’s capacity for complex tasks has grown at a faster pace than many anticipated.&nbsp;



Some professionals are embracing it as a tool for more efficient work. Others worry about <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/work-related-stress-linked-to-serious-heart-condition/">job security</a>. As these technologies march forward, debates swirl around how they might redefine our jobs and even the global economy.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-ai-sneaks-into-everyday-tasks">How AI sneaks into everyday tasks</h2>



In some US cities, police officers can now generate preliminary “<a href="https://www.crimrxiv.com/pub/nxbmzp2j/release/1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">incident reports</a>” by uploading body-camera data, pressing a few buttons, and letting AI produce a first draft. This saves them from spending nearly 40 percent of their time on paperwork, freeing them to focus on other duties.&nbsp;



Mental health professionals in New York have begun using AI tools to track clients’ word choices across sessions. One psychiatrist calls these <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11488652/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">analytics</a> a “game changer” in how effectively patients can be diagnosed and treated.&nbsp;



Massage therapists in unexpected places are even co-authoring memoirs with AI assistance, blending personal experiences with well-organized drafts that often rival high-level literary pitches.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ai-driven-changes-in-global-markets">AI-driven changes in global markets</h2>



Europe and other regions have seen technology developments of their own. Yet many analysts say the United States continues to push ahead in AI adoption, which is reminiscent of late 20th-century leaps that boosted American stock markets and widened the gap with international counterparts.



Investors in US-based AI ventures often note that returns can outstrip those of their European peers. This eagerness has led to remarkable share price increases for some AI-oriented companies, including one whose stock rose 730 percent in just five years.



Nobel laureate Daron Acemoglu from MIT has studied technological transformation for decades, especially how it influences employment. 



Acemoglu has warned that short- to midterm gains from AI have a strong chance of being unevenly shared, potentially benefiting capital more than labor. Without sound policies, this can heighten fears about stagnating wages and possible layoffs.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-reminder-from-past-economic-cycles">A reminder from past economic cycles</h2>



Economists often argue that disruption opens doors for new positions. History shows that after each wave of automation, different types of jobs emerge.



Yet change can still sting in the short run. The “<a href="https://www.stlouisfed.org/publications/regional-economist/april-2004/a-jobless-recovery-with-more-people-working" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">jobless recovery</a>” that followed the 1990-1991 recession saw unemployment numbers remain stubbornly high, even though output and corporate margins bounced back.



That pattern reminds us that entire categories of workers can be sidelined while a few companies thrive.



Workers in fields that are believed to be AI-proof, like middle management or programming, are increasingly facing redundancy notices. Meanwhile, those in personal service occupations feel a bit safer now, though no role is truly off-limits.



Worries run high when headlines suggest that AI could disrupt 85 percent of the labor market, significantly transforming the majority of jobs in some way.



The rise of political movements tied to economic dissatisfaction - seen in events like the election of Donald Trump and various waves of European populism - shows how rapidly <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/practical-guide-overcoming-burnout-maintain-workplace-mental-health/">job concerns</a> can ripple through communities.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-looking-beyond-the-worries">Looking beyond the worries</h2>



A 2024 study found that AI positively influences employment structure from an industrial perspective. Some researchers see these technologies as a tool to streamline tedious duties and enable humans to focus on tasks that demand creativity or emotional intelligence.



One <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773032824000154" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">analysis</a>, published in 2025, identifies a complementary effect of AI on certain job roles, indicating that AI might enhance rather than replace human work. These studies point to a possibility that more widespread AI use could coexist with a healthy labor market.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-unequal-distribution-of-ai-driven-gains">Unequal distribution of AI-driven gains</h2>



Technology’s benefits often vary based on education, training, and geographical factors. A software developer in California who embraces AI could earn more by becoming a specialist in advanced coding systems.



A similar developer in a region with fewer opportunities or retraining programs might find themselves cut off from growth sectors. That mismatch fuels broad concerns about inequality.



Such gaps lead to political shifts, especially when entire communities share the feeling that their jobs have disappeared while the broader economy looks strong on paper.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-economic-anxiety-runs-deep">Economic anxiety runs deep</h2>



Jim Clark, who founded a New York-based institute focused on future employment and income, has suggested that rising anxiety about job security can alter how people vote and how families plan for the future. 



Even if new roles do appear, large numbers of workers might be caught off guard, especially if they are not equipped with updated skills.



Multiple research groups have warned that anxiety about AI can trigger reactions similar to those observed in earlier periods of rapid mechanical automation.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ai-and-the-jobs-ahead">AI and the jobs ahead</h2>



No one can say exactly how or when <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/do-humans-and-ai-work-better-together/">AI will change the majority of jobs</a>, but many employees already sense shifts. The worry among governments is that while companies profit, there may be insufficient funding for retraining or social safety nets.



Efforts to expand tech education and promote agile labor policies take time to bear fruit. As technology redefines the workplace, a forward-thinking approach to compensation, new skill sets, and regulatory oversight might minimize the disruption.



The study is published in <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10907740/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Heliyon</a>.



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AI is pushing the U.S. toward an unpredictable transformation

Artificial intelligence (AI) has gradually embedded itself in daily life,...

In the ceaseless dance of evolution, it has been recently discovered that men are moving at a faster rhythm than women. This isn't a matter of opinion or casual observation, but a result of extensive analysis.



The findings suggest that biological and environmental factors are interacting in ways that favor men's physical development at a faster pace.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-living-conditions-and-male-evolution">Living conditions and male evolution</h2>



The research was led by experts at the <a href="https://unige.it/en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Genova</a>. They have found that enhanced living conditions - including access to healthier food, superior healthcare, and reduced <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/stress-eats-away-our-brains-cognitive-defenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">stress</a> factors - have led to a rapid increase in men's stature and weight.



Remarkably, this growth trend appears to be passed down from generation to generation.



A somewhat intriguing aspect of this study is that the same positive environmental changes have not sparked comparable evolutionary progress in women. 



This has led to the suggestion that women may not be as responsive to changes in their environments.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-closer-look-at-evolutionary-rhythms">A closer look at evolutionary rhythms</h2>



Digging a bit deeper into the study, the researchers focused on more than 135,000 people from 62 different countries. 



They used 2003 data from the World Health Organization (<a href="https://www.who.int" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">WHO</a>) as the basis of their research, specifically examining the height and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/fathers-have-a-surprising-influence-on-their-babys-birth-weight/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">weight</a> of the individuals.



To add another layer to their analysis, the team weighed this data against a measure known as the Human Development Index (HDI). This tool evaluates a country's overall quality of life, taking into account factors like health, education, and income.



The idea was to look for a correlation between a country's living conditions and the physical characteristics of its male population.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-environment-fuels-the-evolution-of-men">Environment fuels the evolution of men</h2>



The results were not only intriguing but also quite significant. An increase of 0.2 in HDI resulted in men growing by 1.5 inches and gaining 14 pounds of muscle. So, to put it simply, better living conditions are making men taller and stronger.



The researchers explained that these changes align with basic <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/evolution-is-not-as-random-as-we-thought/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">evolutionary theory</a>. Traits such as height in men are seen as signals of health and strength, making them more attractive to potential mates in the process of evolution.



"Consequently, this is why men assess the formidability of potential opponents using physical cues, such as upper body strength, and women find taller, muscular men with a relatively large overall <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/weight-and-bmi-do-not-accurately-reflect-a-persons-health/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">body mass</a> (but not obese) particularly attractive," noted the researchers.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-body-sizes-of-males-and-females">Body sizes of males and females</h2>



This research on the evolution of men and women also touched on an interesting concept known as sexual size dimorphism (SSD). This term refers to a noticeable difference in body sizes between males and females within the same species.



The blanket octopus is a perfect illustration of SSD, as the females outweigh males by a factor of 40,000.



The study revealed that for every 0.2 increase in HDI, women gained about six pounds, while men gained about 14 pounds. A similar pattern emerged with height, with women growing roughly 0.6 inches compared to men's 1.5-inch increase.



The researchers also examined data specific to the UK and found that men's height increased faster than women's over time. While women's height grew by 0.25 centimeters every 5 years, the growth rate for men was 0.69 centimeters.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-global-trends-in-evolution">Global trends in evolution </h2>



The researchers concluded that as living conditions improve globally, people's height and weight increase. However, this effect is notably more pronounced in men than in women.



"Based on our main finding of sexual size dimorphism being greater in more favorable environments, it is clear that the development and maintenance of gross morphology is more sensitive to living conditions in men than in women," noted the researchers.



It's important to clarify here that these results don't suggest any form of superiority or inferiority. Instead, they attest to the complex dance of evolution and the various factors, from genetics to environmental conditions, that cause species to evolve differently.



Ultimately, even as our understanding of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/human-evolution-may-be-the-biggest-roadblock-to-solving-climate-change/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">human evolution</a> grows, the dance continues, and each step we learn brings with it new insights and possibilities.



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Human evolution: Why men are advancing faster than women

In the ceaseless dance of evolution, it has been recently...

Have you ever wondered what farmers in ancient times ate thousands of years ago? Their diets, shaped by the landscapes that the farmers inhabited and the resources available to them, offer a window into the past.



It's fascinating to see how their meals evolved from humble grain-based recipes - rooted in necessity and tradition - to the complex, rich, and intricate flavors we enjoy today.



While historians and archaeologists have been unraveling the secrets of ancient civilizations for decades, one fascinating piece remained undisclosed - the exact menu of the earliest farmers.



What ingredients did they rely on to sustain their communities? How did they supplement their cultivated crops with nature’s bounty?



But recently, a compelling study, drawing on cutting-edge archaeological techniques, has shed new light on this captivating subject, revealing surprising insights into the diverse and resourceful <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/our-hunter-gatherer-ancestors-did-much-more-gathering-than-hunting/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">diets of our ancestors</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-did-ancient-farmers-eat">What did ancient farmers eat?</h2>



Unfolding the story requires a journey to Southern Scandinavia and Northern Germany, specifically Oldenburg LA 77, a region once known for its Middle <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/early-neolithic-mountain-settlers-used-complex-farming-methods/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Neolithic</a> settlements. 



Oldenburg LA 77 is located in a former wetland area known as the Oldenburger Graben, resting on the southwestern coast of the Baltic Sea. 



This area was home to a number of settlements, and this once-secluded village stands as a reflection of the evolution of society, gradually shifting from isolated farmsteads to more concentrated, populated villages.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ancient-farming-diets">Ancient farming diets</h2>



During the excavations, scientists discovered plenty of artifacts including houses, wells, and an array of daily life materials such as pottery fragments and grinding stones. 



"Grinding stones are truly archives for preserving information about <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/plant-foods-linked-to-drastically-lower-risk-of-heart-disease/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">plant foods</a>. Even a small fragment of them can carry plenty of plant microfossils, including starch grains and phytoliths," noted Dr. Jingping An, a research assistant in the study.



And so, it is these grinding stones from Oldenburg LA 77 that provided the breakthrough in this gastronomical mystery.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-examining-grinding-stones">Examining grinding stones</h2>



The study, led by experts from the Collaborative Research Center (CRC) 1266 in Kiel, analyzed ancient plant microfossils preserved on these grinding stones. The findings were impressive, to say the least.



Various food ingredients were discovered, including <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-bread-wheat-gave-rise-to-civilization/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">wheat</a>, barley, fruits of wild grasses, knotweeds, and acorns. Starch-rich tubers, and possibly a small number of wild legume seeds, were also detected. 



These wild ingredients shed light on our ancestors' use of nature's bounty.



"Charred <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/domesticating-wild-plants-may-result-in-more-resilient-crops/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">wild plants</a> have been documented by archaeobotanical analyses of soil samples from this Neolithic village, but this study further confirms their consumption by looking directly into food processing," noted Professor Wiebke Kirleis, who led the research.



"People in the past knew how to enrich their diet," added Dr. An. 



Undoubtedly, our ancestors were culinary explorers, well-versed in supplementing their meals with the best of what their environment had to offer.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-similar-diets-among-ancient-farmers">Similar diets among ancient farmers</h2>



Interestingly, a similar dietary pattern was observed in a different site - the Frydenlund site in Denmark - which was part of the same Funnel Beaker Culture. 



Plant microfossils from wild plants were also found on the grinding stones at this site.



Ultimately, the study offers a fascinating insight into the culinary lifestyle of our earliest farmers. They were not just farmers but also skilled food processors, adept at harnessing the variety of ingredients around them to enrich their meals and lead a wholesome life.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-legacy-of-neolithic-farmers">Legacy of Neolithic farmers</h2>



The dietary choices of Neolithic farmers were not only shaped by necessity but also by an intuitive understanding of their environment. 



Their ability to blend cultivated grains with wild plants provided a balanced and diverse diet that sustained growing communities. 



Today, this ancient knowledge continues to influence modern dietary trends, with a renewed focus on whole grains, plant-based nutrition, and sustainable food sources. 



Studies of early farming practices offer valuable insights into how our ancestors adapted to their surroundings, utilizing locally available ingredients to create nourishing meals. 



The enduring legacy of ancient farmers highlights the importance of biodiversity and traditional knowledge in shaping the way we eat today.



The full study was published in the journal <a href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352409X24005418" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Journal of Archaeological Science</a>.



Image Credit: Susanne Beyer, Kiel University



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Surprising diet of early farmers from 5,000 years ago revealed by new technology

Have you ever wondered what farmers in ancient times ate...

When it comes to understanding the process of effective learning, there are some variables that make it less straightforward. While many believe that repetition is the key to mastering new information, research suggests that the reality is far more intricate.



The human memory, as complex as it is, relies on several factors for successful information retrieval. These factors include context, variation, and the way knowledge is reinforced over time.



Simply reviewing material in the same way may not always yield the best results, highlighting the need for more dynamic approaches.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-improving-memory-performance">Improving memory performance </h2>



When it comes to providing practical guidelines for effective learning, it's not always easy to translate scientific findings into actionable strategies.



Learners often fall into the trap of relying on familiar study methods that may feel effective but fail to promote long-term retention.



A recent study offers compelling evidence that varying methods of learning and recalling information could significantly improve memory performance, providing fresh insight into the subject.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-rediscovering-memory-retrieval">Rediscovering memory retrieval</h2>



So what does it take for our brain to learn and remember effectively? Is there a method for <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/spacing-effect-spaced-learning-long-term-impact-on-memory/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">memorizing</a> things more efficiently?



The answer perhaps lies not only in retrieving information from memory at regular intervals - but also doing it in varied ways. 



The study was led by scientists from <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=SWPS+University&amp;client=ms-android-charter-us-rvc3&amp;sourceid=chrome-mobile&amp;ie=UTF-8#ebo=0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">SWPS University</a> in Warsaw and Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. The initial findings suggest that one could boost <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/deep-sleep-improves-memory-formation-and-recall/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">memory recall</a> using a method that the researchers refer to as "variable learning."



This technique involves introducing variety into the way we memorize, essentially learning about a phenomenon from different perspectives, contexts, and methods. 



According to the study, even the process of retrieval should be varied (not tied to identical cues leading to the answer).



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-understanding-variable-retrieval-in-learning">Understanding variable retrieval in learning</h2>



In their research paper, "The role of variable retrieval in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/understanding-how-students-learn-is-key-to-helping-them-succeed/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">effective learning</a>," the experts examined the many layers of the concept of variable learning.



In a series of experiments, participants were asked to learn foreign words, specifically Finnish. These words were embedded in sentences presented in the participants' native language. For instance, "Dad is sweeping the lattia" (Finnish: floor).



During the study, each foreign word was presented multiple times, either in the same sentence or in different sentences. 



The researchers found that memory performance was improved when foreign words were presented in varied sentences rather than repetitive ones.



The benefits of this method were observed both immediately after the study phase and 24 hours later.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-false-belief-in-learning-methods">False belief in learning methods</h2>



Interestingly, the participants believed that it was easier for them to memorize foreign words when they learned them using the same sentences repetitively, which contradicted the test results.



This phenomenon is referred to as a metacognitive illusion - a false belief in the effectiveness of certain learning conditions, leading to less effective ways of learning.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-challenges-of-variable-learning">Challenges of variable learning </h2>



The concept of learning different features of information in each session is not foreign; it's vital for <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-does-our-brain-form-long-term-memories/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">long-term memory</a>. This could be analogous to creating multiple paths to memorized information, which can then be used to retrieve it.



The more paths we create while learning, the higher the chance of effectively recalling the information later. Such a diverse way of learning, where we explore several aspects of information, is a challenge for our memory.



While this approach requires more effort than learning repetitively, the effort boosts <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/having-too-much-knowledge-can-be-a-curse/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">knowledge</a> acquisition.



"If we want our knowledge to be useful, i.e., accessible in different circumstances and in response to different cues or questions on a test, we should enrich our study sessions with the following difficulties: retrieving previously learned information (instead of reading it multiple times), spreading learning over a period of time (instead of accumulating it in a single learning session), and retrieving information from memory in different ways (and not in response to the same cue)," noted study co-author Dr. Ewa Butowska-Buczyńska.



The researchers believe that their findings could guide effective learning strategies. However, they noted that further work is needed to put these methods of learning into a broader context.



The full study was published in the journal <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2413511121" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</a>.



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Variable learning: The key to more effective study habits

When it comes to understanding the process of effective learning,...

If you're already struggling with your 2025 resolutions, here's some reassuring news: it's not you, it's science. New research from the University of South Australia (UniSA) suggests that forming a healthy habit takes longer than most people expect.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-debunking-the-21-day-habit-myth">Debunking the 21-day habit myth</h2>



For years, a popular belief suggested that it only takes 21 days to form a habit. This idea has been widely circulated in self-help books and social media. 



However, <a href="https://www.unisa.edu.au" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">UniSA</a> researchers have now challenged this notion with a systematic review that is the first of its kind. The study shows that while new habits can begin forming within two months (typically between 59 and 66 days), they can take up to 335 days to become fully established.



Dr. Ben Singh, a researcher at UniSA, explained that adopting <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/heart-healthy-habits-can-reverse-your-biological-age/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">healthy habits</a> is a long and often difficult process. He stresses that the idea of forming a habit in just three weeks is not supported by scientific evidence.



“At the beginning of the year, many of us are setting goals and making plans for the months ahead - things like being more active, cutting back on sugar, or making healthier food choices - but while common wisdom suggests that it takes just 21 days to form such habits, these claims are not evidence-based,” noted Dr. Singh.



He emphasizes that habit formation is highly variable and can take anywhere from four days to nearly a year, depending on several factors.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-why-forming-healthy-habits-matters">Why forming healthy habits matters</h2>



Chronic diseases remain one of the biggest health challenges in the world. Conditions such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, lung diseases, and stroke contribute to a significant portion of the country’s disease burden.



Fortunately, many of these illnesses can be prevented by making <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/happiness-influences-online-shopping-habits/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">lifestyle changes</a>, such as improving diet, increasing physical activity, and quitting smoking.



Understanding how long it takes to form a new habit is crucial for designing effective health interventions. 



If people realize that habit formation is a long-term process rather than a quick fix, they may be less likely to abandon their efforts prematurely. This research can also help guide public health campaigns and individual strategies aimed at encouraging long-term behavior change.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-factors-influencing-habit-formation">Factors influencing habit formation</h2>



The UniSA study, which examined over 2,600 participants, found that certain factors influence how successfully a new habit is formed. One of the most important elements is consistency. The more frequently a person engages in a new behavior, the more likely it is to become a habit.



Timing also plays a role. Dr. Singh notes that habits incorporated into morning routines are more likely to stick. The reason behind this is that morning routines tend to be more stable and predictable compared to other times of the day. 



If a person commits to an activity early in the day, they are less likely to be derailed by unexpected events or fatigue.



Enjoyment is another major factor. People are more likely to sustain a habit if they find it pleasurable or rewarding. For example, someone who enjoys swimming may find it easier to maintain a regular exercise habit than someone who forces themselves to run despite disliking it.



“Planning and intending to complete a new behaviour can also help solidify a new habit, so make sure you continue to make time to include your new <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/shopping-habits-have-remained-consistent-for-3500-years/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">healthy habits</a> into your everyday activities,” said Dr. Singh.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-challenges-of-forming-new-habits">Challenges of forming new habits</h2>



Many people give up on their resolutions because they expect immediate results. When they don’t see quick progress, they become discouraged and revert to old habits. This research highlights the importance of patience and persistence in habit formation.



Instead of focusing on short-term changes, individuals should view habit-building as a long-term investment in their health and well-being. If a habit doesn’t feel automatic after a few weeks, that doesn’t mean it’s a failure. It simply means that more time and repetition are needed.



It is also essential to be flexible and adaptable. If one approach doesn’t work, trying a different strategy can help. 



For example, if exercising in the morning feels unsustainable, shifting workouts to lunchtime or evening may be a better fit. The key is to find routines that are both enjoyable and practical.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-implications-for-public-health-initiatives">Implications for public health initiatives</h2>



While more research is needed, these findings have significant implications for public health initiatives. Governments, healthcare providers, and wellness programs can use this knowledge to design interventions that promote long-term habit formation. 



Instead of promising quick results, they can emphasize the importance of gradual change and sustained effort.



Personalized programs that take individual differences into account can also be more effective. Since habit formation varies from person to person, interventions should be flexible enough to accommodate different lifestyles and preferences. 



By providing support and realistic timelines, these programs can help more people successfully adopt and maintain healthier behaviors.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-staying-committed-to-your-goals">Staying committed to your goals</h2>



If you’re still working on your New Year’s resolutions, remember that forming a new habit takes time. Don’t be discouraged if you don’t see immediate results. Focus on consistency, enjoyment, and planning to increase your chances of success.



Dr. Singh’s research serves as a reminder that <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/did-the-pandemic-change-our-transportation-habits/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">habit-building</a> is not about quick fixes but about long-term commitment. Whether you’re trying to eat healthier, exercise more, or break an unhealthy habit, persistence is key. 



The journey to better health is not a sprint - it’s a marathon. Stay the course, and over time, your new habits will become second nature.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/12/23/2488" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Healthcare</a>.



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Forming healthy habits takes much longer than 21 days

If you're already struggling with your 2025 resolutions, here's some...

Making regular trips to the doctor for a checkup seems tedious and unnecessary to many people. However, for both men and women, doing so can mean the difference between catching health issues early or facing them when they have grown worse. 



Many people keep an eye on their diet and activity, but they forget the power of routine visits to the doctor. This oversight often sets the stage for surprises that could have been prevented with simple testing.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-aging-and-daily-habits">Aging and daily habits</h2>



With the passage of time, the human body requires a bit more attention. The years after 50 often bring changes, including <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/heart-health-after-menopause-what-every-woman-should-know/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">menopause for women</a>. 



Shifts in hormones can trigger hot flashes, changes in blood pressure, and varied effects on emotional well-being. 



Maintaining a balanced diet, practicing physical activity, and making time for good rest all help. Yet one habit deserves extra focus: visiting a medical professional on a regular basis. This advice can help spot potential health concerns in the early stages.



<a href="https://www.sjpp.org/find-a-doctor/sheryl-ross-md/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Dr. Sherry Ross</a>, a gynecologist and obstetrician at <a href="https://www.providence.org/locations/socal/saint-johns-health-center" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Providence Saint John’s Health Center</a> in Santa Monica, California, believes that adults should not give up on their wellness goals due to genetics or the passage of time. 



She points out that personal choices around exercise, healthy food, rest, and handling stress either strengthen the body or place extra burdens on it.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-health-checkups-for-women-over-50">Key health checkups for women over 50</h2>



Healthcare providers encourage yearly visits that include <a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/mammogram-procedure" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">mammograms</a>, pelvic exams, and general tests that match a patient’s risk factors.&nbsp;



“Women over 50 should continue to visit their doctor every year for general health check-ups and tests,” said Dr. Ross. These visits can catch illnesses that sometimes show no obvious symptoms.



Different guidelines call for mammograms every 2 years for women who are between the ages of 50 and 74, and who are at average risk of developing breast cancer, based on recommendations from the <a href="https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/breast-cancer-screening" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">U.S. Preventive Services Task Force</a>.



Early detection can save lives by pinpointing concerns when therapies work more easily. Some people choose more frequent checkups depending on family history or a doctor’s judgment.&nbsp;



One <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/mammograms/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">study</a> by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (<a href="https://www.cdc.gov" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">CDC</a>) showed that 1 in 4 women aged 50 to 74 had skipped mammograms in the past 2 years. 



Women who live with tight budgets or limited transportation often face more challenges getting these tests.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-barriers-and-trends-in-screenings">Barriers and trends in screenings</h2>



Some <a href="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/about/how-common-is-breast-cancer.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">statistics</a> show that breast cancer causes more than 40,000 deaths in women each year in the United States.&nbsp;



Experts note that <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/ai-can-read-and-diagnose-mammograms-just-as-well-as-humans/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">screening mammograms</a> lower the chance of dying from breast cancer by about 22%. 



In spite of this, people with lower incomes, inadequate insurance, or reduced access to community health services may avoid the test because of cost or inconvenience. 



Others experience job-related hurdles, social isolation, or general unease about the medical system. These factors add up, making it less likely that some women will stay on top of annual or biennial testing.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-importance-of-consistent-reminders">Importance of consistent reminders</h2>



Making a schedule for appointments with a doctor can ward off confusion. Dr. Ross emphasizes the idea of marking these visits around a memorable date, such as a birthday, to create a habit. 



She suggests that being consistent with annual exams leads to a pattern of giving personal health as much priority as other tasks. 



A practical step is to keep a calendar with test dates highlighted or set phone alerts as soon as an appointment is made. 



A folder or computer file for lab results and doctors' notes makes it easier to track subtle changes in blood work or risk factors across time.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-knowing-your-health-history">Knowing your health history</h2>



“Knowing your family history of diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, or breast and ovarian cancer will enable you to request all the necessary medical tests to stay healthy,” said Dr. Ross.



A quick chat with relatives can reveal whether close family members faced early heart disease or had specific genetic risks. Keeping a personal record can spark conversations with professionals, who can then tailor care plans. Carrying a list of questions to each visit helps patients feel more confident about their decisions.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-mammograms-and-women-s-health">Mammograms and women's health</h2>



Medical visits for menopause sometimes focus on well-known symptoms like hot flashes, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/energy-drinks-linked-to-insomnia-among-college-students/">insomnia</a>, or bone health. 



But Dr. Ross says that these checkups should also include sexual wellness and emotional balance. She encourages women to view these parts of life as interconnected with overall health, not as unspoken afterthoughts. 



A trusted doctor can help people find comfort, reduce confusion, and figure out solutions that improve day-to-day living.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-every-little-step-counts">Every little step counts</h2>



Years ago, standard advice might have stopped at “<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/food-or-exercise-a-chemical-in-the-brain-helps-us-decide/">eat right and exercise</a>.” Today, there is more knowledge on how preventive testing keeps big problems from appearing out of nowhere.&nbsp;



The key is not letting financial or transportation difficulties stand in the way. Many local health departments and social service groups collaborate to offer support. 



Some organizations even provide free rides to mammogram centers. Others help find low-cost exams for women who meet certain eligibility criteria. 



Taking advantage of these programs can knock down obstacles and raise the chance of finding problems at an early stage.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-keeping-track-of-vital-screening-tests">Keeping track of vital screening tests</h2>



Life can be busy, and juggling day-to-day tasks is a real challenge. But each annual exam offers a chance to reevaluate health goals.&nbsp;



Keeping track of lab reports from previous years helps spot concerns before they snowball. Investing in folders or mobile apps is a small effort in the light of the relief of knowing that important health documents are all in one place. 



A strong sense of organization takes the stress out of visits, and enables a smoother conversation with healthcare providers.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-women-s-health-and-better-habits">Women's health and better habits</h2>



Women who pay attention to checkups are often rewarded with fewer surprises later. This pattern extends to every part of life.&nbsp;



From diet to stress management, consistent medical guidance can fit into a daily routine. The idea is not to fear aging but to accept it as a phase that deserves care and caution.



Information for this article was published by the <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/mammograms/index.html">CDC</a>.



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Health care providers encourage these key medical tests for women over 50

Making regular trips to the doctor for a checkup seems...

Scientists are transforming chocolate into a functional food by infusing it with probiotics and prebiotics, aiming to create a treat that satisfies cravings while supporting gut health. 



The challenge lies in maintaining chocolate's beloved texture and flavor while adding health benefits.



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Probiotics - beneficial microbes that balance gut bacteria and aid digestion - are typically fragile and can be destroyed by stomach acid or processing. 



Prebiotics act as food for these microbes, helping them thrive. Together, they form "synbiotics," a powerful health combination.



Researchers Smriti Gaur and Shubhi Singh from India's Jaypee Institute of Information Technology took an innovative approach, using natural prebiotics like corn and honey instead of complex processing methods. 



They created five chocolate varieties: a control and four synbiotic versions containing different combinations of prebiotics, probiotics (Lactobacillus strains), and flavor enhancers (cinnamon or orange).



Laboratory simulations of human digestion showed the probiotics remained viable for over five hours, suggesting they could survive long enough to benefit gut health.



Taste tests were positive, with researchers particularly enjoying the orange-flavored variety, describing it as having "vibrant citrus notes" complementing the "rich cocoa" with a "luxurious" texture.



This research represents just the beginning. With further refinement of strains, textures, and flavors, chocolate could evolve beyond mere indulgence to become a functional food that nourishes while it delights.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsfoodscitech.4c00741" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ACS Food Science &amp; Technology</a>.

Is chocolate the next nutritional powerhouse?

Scientists are transforming chocolate into a functional food by infusing...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Nushagak Bay, a large estuary in southwest Alaska. Nushagak runs mainly north to south and exits in Bristol Bay, a large body of water in the Bering Sea.



"The bay is primarily fed by the Nushagak River, which begins in the Alaska Range and flows southwest approximately 450 km. The bay is also fed by several additional rivers including the Wood, Igushik, Snake and Weary rivers," says ESA.



"The dark colors of the Nushagak River are most likely due to tannins or lignins (chemical substances found in plants). Tannins and lignins from roots, leaves, seeds, bark and soil can leach into the water and give it a brown or even black colour. The sediments then flow southwards where it is mixed with the bluer waters of the bay."



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Nushagak Bay in southwest Alaska

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> (ACS) reveals that proteins on flu viruses are actually flexible, tilting and waving in a “breath-like” motion. According to the experts, these proteins could be used to better defend against the flu.



"The main antigenic targets of influenza virus are two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Whereas the structural and dynamical properties of both glycoproteins have been studied previously, the understanding of their plasticity in the whole-virion context is fragmented," wrote the researchers.



To investigate, the team conducted detailed simulations of the influenza A H1N1 virion, or the swine flu. The experts concluded that the visualizations show many new vulnerable states of flu viruses, which could improve future vaccines and antiviral drugs.



Video/ Image Credit: American Chemical Society&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Flu viruses are more flexible than expected

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Lake Trasimeno, which is located west of Perugia in central Italy. It is the fourth largest lake in the country. While Trasimeno’s water level varies, it has a maximum depth of approximately six meters.&nbsp;



"In this Copernicus Sentinel-2 image, captured on 6 August 2022, the lake’s emerald green colour is likely due to the presence of phytoplankton. Streaks in the water, particularly visible in the west, indicate the presence of soil and sediments which have been stirred up by winds. Dark colored waters in the southern part of the lake indicate a presence of submerged and floating macrophytes (aquatic plants) as well as algae," says ESA.



"Surrounded by hills on three sides, Trasimeno is subject to heavy storms created by winds, especially from the north and west. There are three islets in the lake: Maggiore, Minore and Polvese (the largest). The lake’s shores are sparsely inhabited with only two popular villages: Castiglione del Lago and Passignano sul Trasimeno."



"Italy is experiencing its worst drought in 70 years which has affected drinking water supplies, hydroelectric power and agricultural production. High temperatures, hot winds and lack of rainfall are the main causes of drought in the Umbrian region which saw Lake Trasimeno’s drop 1.3 m, reaching the limit of the hydrometric zero in July 2022."



Video/Image Credit: ESA&nbsp;



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By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Lake Trasimeno in Central Italy

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> describes a new self-powered nanosensor that can instantly detect mercury contamination with the tap of a finger.&nbsp;



The oxidized form of mercury can be harmful when it is ingested through contaminated water or food. This makes it necessary for experts to develop sensors that can quickly and accurately detect the presence of mercury.&nbsp;



Zong-Hong Lin and colleagues have now created a triboelectric nanosensor (TENS) that can detect mercury by simply by touching a sample. According to the researchers, their TENS could serve as the basis for similar devices to safely and remotely monitor other pollutants.



Video Credit: American Chemical Society&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Detecting mercury contamination with the tap of a finger

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> explores the ability of salt to transform the way that foods and beverages taste. Salt is known to cover up undesirable flavors, such as bitterness in coffee or beer, but how exactly does sodium chloride change the taste of other compounds?



One previous study showed that, not only does salt suppress bitterness, but also enhances sweetness and sourness. Another study revealed that bitterness reduction by salt seems to be happening at the tongue receptor level as well as in the brain.&nbsp;



While it is known that salt taste is mediated by the presence of sodium channels in the form of taste buds, experts believe that there is also an unknown receptor responsible for how we taste salt that has not yet been identified.&nbsp;



Video Credit: ACS Reactions



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

How does salt makes things taste better?

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Santiago, the capital city of Chile. The city is located in the center of the Santiago Metropolitan Region, which has a population of about eight million people.&nbsp;



'The weather of Santiago resembles the Mediterranean climate with dry and warm summers with temperatures reaching up to 35°C (from October to March) and cool and humid winters that can drop to 0°C (from April to September)."



"The city lies in the centre of the country’s central valley around 80 km from the Pacific Ocean to the west and borders Argentina to the east. A tiny part of Argentina is visible in the top-right corner of the image where the mountain crest of the Andes Mountains acts as a divider between the two countries," says ESA.



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Santiago, Chile in South America

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Spiral,Galaxy,,Illustration,Of,Milky,Way

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Astronomers at <a href="https://www.jhu.edu/">Johns Hopkins University</a> have created an interactive map of the universe, including the actual position and real colors of 200,000 galaxies. The map allows the public to access data that was previously only available to scientists.



The map was developed using data collected by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. For over two decades, a telescope in New Mexico was aimed at slightly different locations to capture the night sky.&nbsp;



"Growing up I was very inspired by astronomy pictures, stars, nebulae and galaxies, and now it's our time to create a new type of picture to inspire people," said map creator Brice Ménard, a professor at Johns Hopkins. "Astrophysicists around the world have been analyzing this data for years, leading to thousands of scientific papers and discoveries. But nobody took the time to create a map that is beautiful, scientifically accurate, and accessible to people who are not scientists. Our goal here is to show everybody what the universe really looks like."



"In this map, we are just a speck at the very bottom, just one pixel. And when I say we, I mean our galaxy, the Milky Way which has billions of stars and planets. We are used to seeing astronomical pictures showing one galaxy here, one galaxy there or perhaps a group of galaxies. But what this map shows is a very, very different scale."



"From this speck at the bottom, we are able to map out galaxies across the entire universe, and that says something about the power of science."



The <a href="https://mapoftheuniverse.net/">interactive map</a> is available online, where it can be downloaded for free.



Video Credit: Johns Hopkins&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Interactive map of the universe includes 200,000 galaxies

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Lesotho: Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky" Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features northwest Lesotho in South Africa.



According to ESA, Lesotho is the only nation in the world that lies completely above 1,000 m in elevation. The country is famous for its tall mountains and narrow valleys, and is known as Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky."



Out of a population of around two million people, about 80 percent live in rural areas. More than 75 percent of these people are engaged in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/climate-change-will-have-a-global-impact-on-agriculture/">agriculture</a>, including rainfed cereal production and animal grazing.&nbsp;



ESA reports that the country’s agricultural system faces a growing number of issues, with climate-related vulnerabilities such as drought, floods and extreme temperatures occurring more frequently. 



Diamonds are amongst the minerals found in the mountains. Indeed, Lesotho can truly be called the Kingdom in the Sky. Beautiful, culturally rich, safe, affordable, and easily accessible from Durban and Johannesburg, mountainous Lesotho is a vastly underrated travel destination. the Kingdom of Lesotho (Sotho: 'Muso oa Lesotho) is an enclaved country in southern Africa. It is just over 30,000 km2 (11,583 sq mi) in size and has a population of around 2 million.



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer 



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Lesotho: Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky"

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Dublin, the capital and largest city of Ireland. Beyond its pub culture, Dublin is known as a modern culinary destination and a UNESCO City of Literature.



"Dublin is located near the midpoint of Ireland’s east coast in the province of Leinster. The city, which covers an area of around 115 square kilometers, is bordered by the Dublin Mountains, a low mountain range to the south, and is surrounded by flat farmland to the north and west," says ESA.



"The city straddles the River Liffey, which rises in the Wicklow Mountains and flows around 80 kilometers eastwards through the city of Dublin, in which it is canalised and bordered with quays. It then empties into Dublin Bay, an arm of the Irish Sea."



Dublin has an abundance of green spaces, including one of the largest enclosed public parks in any European capital city. Phoenix Park, which was originally formed as a royal hunting park in the 1660s, includes 707 hectares of green space.



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The city of Dublin on Ireland's east coast

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features the province of Zaragoza in northeast Spain. The image was captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission.



"Together with the provinces of Huesca and Teruel, Zaragoza formed the old kingdom of Aragon. Its capital, also called Zaragoza (not visible in this image) is home to around half of Aragon’s population," says ESA.



"The Ebro River can be seen winding its way through the province from west to east in this image. Between its source in the Cantabrian Mountains in the northwest and its delta on the Mediterranean coast, the Ebro River is fed by more than 200 tributaries as it flows 910 km across much of northern Spain."



Since rainfall is very scarce in this region, irrigation in the Ebro basin is critically important. In the valleys surrounding the Ebro River, many fields are used for growing crops such as corn, wheat, and barley.



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The province of Zaragoza in northeast Spain

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Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> reveals the evolution of the Columbia Glacier in southeastern Alaska. Columbia is among the fastest shrinking glaciers in the world, and the video documents its rapid retreat over the years.&nbsp;



Columbia Glacier is a large, multi-branched calving glacier that flows out of the Chugach Mountains to the Prince William Sound.&nbsp;



According to USGS, Columbia had a long history of stability prior to 1980, with a length 41 miles, and small, short-lived advances or retreats.



In the years since 1980, however, satellite images have captured Columbia’s alarming retreat. By using false-color images, scientists can distinguish between snow and ice, open water, vegetation, and rocky debris on the glacier’s surface.



The series of false-color images featured in today's video were acquired over the span of 35 years. You can see that by 2021, the glacier’s main branch had retreated about 15 miles from its initial position.



The Columbia Glacier has also lost more than 50 percent of its volume, mostly due to calving. <a href="https://www.earth.com/video/nasa-reveals-3d-visual-of-an-atmospheric-river/">NASA</a> reports that while climate change likely started the retreat, mechanical processes kept the disintegration going.



The NASA images are provided by Jesse Allen, Robert Simmon, Joshua Stevens, and Lauren Dauphin using data from Landsat satellites, from the U.S. Geological Survey, and data from MODIS on NASA’s Terra satellite. The structure of Columbia’s moraine played a large role in the stability of the glacier before 1980. 



Like other tidewater glaciers, the Columbia built up a moraine over time, and the mixture of ice and rock functioned like a dam keeping out the sea. It was supported on one end by the shoreline and by the underwater terminal moraine at the other.



Video Credit: NASA Earth Observatory/&nbsp; NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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The rapid retreat of the Columbia Glacier

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features the Pyrenees Mountains, which form a natural boundary between France and Spain in southwest Europe.



The mountain range is 430 kilometers in length. It stretches from the Mediterranean Sea on the east to the Atlantic Ocean on the west.



At an elevation of 3404 meters, Pico de Aneto is the highest mountain peak in the Pyrenees, and the third-highest peak in Spain. Pico de Aneto is located in the Posets-Maladeta Natural Park, which spans more than 82,000 acres.&nbsp;



"Geological studies have revealed that the Pyrenees Mountains have been around for longer than the Alps, with their sediments first deposited in coastal basins during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras," reports ESA.



"The entire mountain range formed due to the upwelling of large sedimentary rocks by the collision of the Iberian and the Eurasian plate around 100 to 150 million years ago, followed by intense erosion from ice and water."



The western Pyrenees receive more precipitation due to moisture blowing in from the Atlantic Ocean. The mountain range contains many lakes, several small glaciers, and some of the highest waterfalls in Europe.



Video &amp; Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The Pyrenees Mountains in southwest Europe

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Today's Video of the Day from <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard">NASA Goddard</a> describes two exoplanets that are orbiting a star 218 light-years away. A team of researchers led by the University of Montreal has found evidence that these planets are "water worlds."



The experts used data from NASA’s Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes. They discovered that exoplanets Kepler-138 c and Kepler-138 could be composed largely of water.



"We previously thought that planets that were a bit larger than Earth were big balls of metal and rock, like scaled-up versions of Earth, and that's why we called them super-Earths," explained study co-author Björn Benneke.&nbsp;



"However, we have now shown that these two planets, Kepler-138 c and d, are quite different in nature and that a big fraction of their entire volume is likely composed of water. It is the best evidence yet for water worlds, a type of planet that was theorized by astronomers to exist for a long time."



Video Credit: NASA Goddard



Image Credit: NASA, ESA, and Leah Hustak (STScI)



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Two distant planets may be "water worlds"

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Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard">NASA Goddard</a> describes Earth’s interconnected systems, and how this network is affected by rising temperatures.&nbsp;



During 2020, average global temperatures matched the hottest year on record. The hurricane season was also record-breaking, with many of the storms intensifying at extraordinary speeds. Hot water in the ocean is fuel for hurricanes. The satellite data shows that it's all one interconnected system showing how Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected.



According to NASA, dust swept up from Northern Africa plays a major role in the formation of hurricanes, and is also a key source of fertilization in the Amazon rainforest. As a result of<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/seagrass-wasting-disease-is-fueled-by-climate-change/"> climate</a> change, dust plumes are expected to decline, which will have an effect on vegetation far away.&nbsp;



Images from Earth-observing satellites show how the world’s plant life is affected by natural disasters, fires, and deforestation. Satellites also reveal how widespread changes in vegetation impact waterways,&nbsp; the climate, air quality. Satellites communicate by using radio waves to send signals to the antennas on the Earth. "Earth From Space" is a groundbreaking two-hour special that reveals a spectacular new space-based vision of our planet. 



Video Credit: NASA Goddard&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected

[sendtonews key="JbW4VsY53O-1632195-12187" type="single"] Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected...

Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://welcome.miami.edu/">University of Miami</a> Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science explores how changes in water temperatures have affected tiger shark habitats and movements in the North Atlantic Ocean. The study reveals that rising temperatures have caused the sharks to shift toward the poles over the past 40 years.



“Tiger shark annual migrations have expanded poleward, paralleling rising water temperatures,” explained study lead author Neil Hammerschlag. “These results have consequences for tiger shark conservation, since shifts in their movements outside of marine protected areas may leave them more vulnerable to commercial fishing.”



The researchers analyzed nine years of tracking data from satellite-tagged tiger sharks, combined with four decades of conventional tag and recapture data provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Cooperative Shark Tagging Program.



The experts found that during the last decade of record heat, for every one-degree Celsius increase in water temperatures, tiger sharks migrated further poleward by over 400 kilometers. They also migrated two weeks earlier than usual to waters off the northeastern coast of the United States.



“Given their role as apex predators, these changes to tiger shark movements may alter predator-prey interactions, leading to ecological imbalances, and more frequent encounters with humans,” concluded Professor Hammerschlag.



Video Credit: University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Tiger sharks are shifting poleward as temperatures rise

Today’s Video of the Day from the University of Miami...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> is focused on the melt ponds that emerge during the spring and summer on the Greenland Ice Sheet, which is the largest ice mass in the northern hemisphere.



"Melt ponds are vast pools of open water that form on both sea ice and ice sheets and are visible as turquoise-blue pools of water in this Copernicus Sentinel-2 image," says ESA.



"When snow and ice melts atop glaciers, water flows in channels and streams and collects in depressions on the surface. These melt ponds can speed up the melting of the surrounding ice since they greatly reduce the ice’s ability to reflect sunlight."



"This can create a positive feedback where an increasing number of melt ponds absorb more heat which causes ice cover to melt even faster."



According to ESA, Greenland has been hit with a late-season heatwave that began in early September. This caused the type of melt event that usually occurs in the middle of summer.



"In a recent paper published in Nature Climate Change, scientists found that major sea-level rise from the melting of the Greenland ice cap is now ‘inevitable’ even if the burning of fossil fuels were to halt overnight," says ESA. "Using satellite observations of Greenland ice loss and ice cap from 2000 to 2019, the team found the losses will lead to a minimum rise of 27 cm regardless of climate change."



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Melt ponds on the Greenland Ice Sheet

[sendtonews key="qARzJPSabQ-2270617-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> describes a new map of Mars that is providing insight into the planet’s watery past. The map also reveals where future missions could safely land on Mars.&nbsp;



The map has been created over the last decade using observations of water-rich rocks and mineral deposits. The images were captured by ESA’s Mars Express and NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.



"A big surprise is the prevalence of these minerals, with the map revealing hundreds of thousands of water-affected locations in the oldest parts of the planet," says ESA. "The new data will help answer exciting questions about Mars’ climate history, whether water was globally persistent or confined to short, intense episodes, and whether the conditions were ever suitable for life."



"Specifically, the map shows the locations and abundances of aqueous minerals. These are from rocks that have been chemically altered by the action of water in the past, and have typically been transformed into clays and salts."



According to John Carter of the Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), our collective understanding of Mars has been oversimplified. He explained that planetary scientists have tended to think that only a few types of clay minerals on Mars were created during its wet period, then as the water gradually dried up, salts were produced across the planet.



The new map shows that the composition of Mars is much more complicated than what we thought. For example, while many salts formed after Martian clays, there are some salts that are presumed to be older than some of the clays.&nbsp;



“The evolution from lots of water to no water is not as clear cut as we thought, the water didn’t just stop overnight. We see a huge diversity of geological contexts, so that no one process or simple timeline can explain the evolution of the mineralogy of Mars. That’s the first result of our study. The second is that if you exclude life processes on Earth, Mars exhibits a diversity of mineralogy in geological settings just as Earth does,” said Carter.



Video Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The history of Mars is much more complex than we thought

[sendtonews key="qas3EhyI0Y-2220951-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.stowers.org/">Stowers Institute for Medical Research</a> describes how cavefish adapted to a sedentary lifestyle over tens of thousands of years. 



The experts found that the muscle metabolism of cavefish has been genetically reprogrammed over time. As a result, the animals have experienced major changes in their morphology and behavior. Despite these changes, however, the cavefish remain healthy and fit.



The research may provide new clues about the evolutionary consequences of prolonged physical inactivity in humans.&nbsp;



“It’s no surprise that people are moving less and less as technology has advanced,” said Rohner. “With cavefish, we have a unique system where we can study what might happen if people remained couch potatoes over very, very long periods of time.”



Video Credit: Stowers Institute for Medical Research



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Cavefish are healthy despite their sedentary lifestyle

[sendtonews key="vpljfR2VBX-2560867-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from the...

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Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> some of the most incredible waves in the world, as seen by Landsat satellites.



"With more than 370,000 miles of coastline on Earth, there are plenty of places where epic waves build up, curl over, and hurtle toward the shore.- much to the thrill of surfers," says NASA. "There are some places where these waves are so magnificent that they can be seen from space."



"With the broad perspective of satellites, we can see how these iconic waves develop into the world’s tallest, longest, fastest, and heaviest."



Video Credit: NASA Earth Observatory&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Satellites capture the world's biggest and fastest waves

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