What makes people happy has puzzled philosophers, psychologists, and ordinary people for centuries. Is happiness a gift we carry inside us, immune to outside conditions? Or is it built on the foundations of good jobs, strong relationships, financial comfort, and good health? 



Every year, projects like the <a href="https://worldhappiness.report" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">World Happiness Report</a> attempt to measure and explain well-being across societies. Yet, the more we explore, the clearer it becomes: happiness isn’t simple, and it certainly isn’t the same for everyone.



A new study published in the journal Nature Human Behaviour sheds powerful light on this puzzle. It challenges the idea that happiness follows one clear path. According to lead author Emorie Beck and her team, people find happiness in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/most-people-believe-they-deserve-good-karma-more-than-others/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">different ways</a> - and what works for one person may not work at all for another.



“We have to understand the sources of happiness to build effective interventions,” said Beck, assistant professor of psychology at the <a href="https://www.ucdavis.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of California, Davis</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-two-major-views-on-happiness">Two major views on happiness</h2>



For decades, researchers have debated whether happiness comes from our life circumstances or our inner world. The first model, known as the “bottom-up” approach, argues that happiness builds up from life’s specific parts. 



When people are satisfied with domains such as their job, relationships, income, health, and housing, their overall <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/why-chasing-happiness-makes-you-feel-worse/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">life satisfaction</a> improves. This model shapes many public policies and international surveys. These efforts aim to boost happiness by improving access to external goods and services that support well-being.



But life doesn't always support that framework. Some people remain joyful even while facing hardship or loss. They seem untouched by circumstances that might break others. This brings attention to the “top-down” view of happiness. 



This model suggests that personality traits, mindsets, and emotional habits shape how we experience life. It emphasizes mental health practices, therapy, or mindfulness as tools to <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/happiness-influences-online-shopping-habits/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">improve well-being</a> by adjusting internal attitudes.



“But we all know people in our lives who experience traumatic events yet seem to be happy,” noted Beck.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-new-perspective-on-happiness">A new perspective on happiness </h2>



The idea that both internal and external <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/sleep-increases-feelings-of-hope-happiness-and-gratitude/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">forces</a> shape happiness isn’t new. What makes this study stand out is its attempt to measure this interaction across individuals and time. 



According to the third model Beck and her team explored, happiness may flow in both directions. Inner qualities and outer life domains affect each other in ways that are dynamic and complex. From this perspective, targeting either the environment or the mind can make a difference.



But this still leaves many questions unanswered. Do all people follow the same pattern? Do policies based on population averages truly help those they aim to support? To answer these questions, the researchers introduced a fourth idea - a “personalized happiness” perspective.



This new approach proposes that happiness is not universal. Instead, the causes and effects of happiness are idiographic, or specific to each person. What raises happiness for one individual may not move the needle at all for another.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decades-of-data-on-happiness">Decades of data on happiness </h2>



To explore these ideas, Beck and her collaborators analyzed an enormous data set. They studied 40,074 people in five countries: Germany, Britain, Switzerland, The Netherlands, and Australia. 



These participants had taken part in repeated surveys over as many as 33 years. The surveys asked about their overall life <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/who-is-happier-being-single-men-or-women/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">satisfaction</a> and satisfaction in five life areas: work, income, health, housing, and relationships.



“What comes out is that we see roughly equal groups that demonstrate each pattern,” Beck explained.



Some participants fit the bottom-up model. Their happiness closely tracked satisfaction in life’s domains. Others followed a top-down pattern. Their internal well-being remained stable despite changes in their life circumstances. 



Another group showed bidirectional influence, where changes in one area affected the other. Finally, some individuals did not fit any clear model at all.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-personalized-happiness-is-more-than-a-theory">Personalized happiness is more than a theory</h2>



These findings gave weight to the personalized happiness approach. The researchers discovered that the population-level models often failed to match the actual patterns seen in individual lives. 



Between 41.4% and 50.8% of participants showed mostly one-way influences between domain satisfaction and life satisfaction. Only 19.3% to 25.9% showed bidirectional effects.



This shows that population averages often hide personal truths. Happiness, the study reveals, is shaped by unique configurations of traits and experiences. Even two people with similar incomes or job satisfaction may report entirely different levels of happiness.



The data also revealed that some people’s overall satisfaction did not link clearly to any of the measured domains. These individuals may experience satisfaction influenced by broader structural forces or singular life events that were not captured in the surveys.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-implications-for-therapy">Implications for therapy</h2>



If the aim is to improve happiness for as many people as possible, this research sends a powerful message. One-size-fits-all strategies will not work. Improving healthcare, housing, or income may support some individuals, but not all. 



Likewise, mindfulness programs or therapy-based initiatives may not benefit people whose happiness depends more on external conditions. "Importantly, the most effective policies will be tailored to the individual themselves,” said Beck.



This perspective urges governments, organizations, and mental health practitioners to think differently. Instead of targeting a universal happiness recipe, they should aim to understand the diverse ingredients people draw from to feel fulfilled. 



Doing so might not just improve lives - it may also make public efforts more effective and meaningful.



“These things are treated separately, but they aren’t really. They feed into each other at a personal level,” Beck added.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-individual-needs-and-differences">Individual needs and differences </h2>



The idea of personalized happiness, while promising, also presents challenges. The study showed clear individual patterns, but distinguishing those from random variations is difficult. 



Beck and her colleagues suggest that future research needs more precise and innovative methods to capture these subtle trends.



Supported by the <a href="https://www.nia.nih.gov" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National Institute on Aging</a>, this study lays the groundwork for a more human-centered view of happiness. Rather than assuming happiness is something we all measure in the same way, it invites a deeper respect for individual stories, differences, and needs.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-one-path-doesn-t-fit-all">One path doesn’t fit all</h2>



This research invites us to rethink everything we thought we knew about happiness. It is not an endpoint with a single route. For some, it lies in community or stability. For others, it may come from within - through purpose, peace, or personal growth.



The science is clear: happiness is personal. To understand it, we must listen more closely, not just to the numbers, but to the people behind them.



Other contributors included Joshua Jackson of&nbsp;<a href="https://wustl.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Washington University</a>, Felix Cheung of the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.utoronto.ca/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Toronto</a>, and Stuti Thapa of the&nbsp;<a href="https://utulsa.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Tulsa</a>.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-025-02171-z" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nature Human Behaviour</a>.



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Where does happiness come from? It depends on who you are

What makes people happy has puzzled philosophers, psychologists, and ordinary people for centuries. Is happiness a gift we carry inside us, immune to outside conditions? Or is it built on the foundations of good jobs, strong relationships, financial comfort, and good health? Every year, projects like the World Happiness Report attempt to measure and explain well-being across societies. Yet, the more we explore, the clearer it becomes: happiness isn’t simple, and it certainly isn’t the same for everyone. A new study published in the journal Nature Human...

A new study has shown that over the last 20 years, large floods in the U.S. have been linked with significantly higher death rates across major causes of mortality.&nbsp;



Published in the journal <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03358-z" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nature Medicine</a>, this research highlights sweeping and hidden effects of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/can-we-outrun-the-flood-risks-of-climate-change/">floods</a> - including those not related to hurricanes, such as those resulting from heavy rain, snowmelt, or ice jams - on public health.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-bridging-a-critical-knowledge-gap">Bridging a critical knowledge gap</h2>



The study was led by scientists at <a href="https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health</a>, in partnership with researchers from <a href="https://www.asu.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Arizona State University</a>, Harvard University, and the University of Arizona.&nbsp;



The experts aimed to fill a crucial gap in understanding cause-specific mortality risks related to floods over time and how these risks vary among different groups. The findings are expected to help public health agencies better allocate resources to mitigate these risks.



In the United States, population growth alone is believed to result in an approximately 72 percent increase in the population exposed to floods yearly by 2050. This is before accounting for the impact of climate change, which will likely lead to more frequent river, coastal, and flash floods.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-flooding-is-an-urgent-public-health-concern-nbsp">Flooding is an urgent public health concern&nbsp;</h2>



Victoria Lynch, a post-doctoral research fellow at Columbia Mailman School and the study’s first author, stressed the severity of the issue.&nbsp;



“Flooding is an urgent public health concern as <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/sea-levels-linked-to-the-rise-and-fall-of-early-human-societies/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sea level rise,</a> rapid snowpack melting, and increased storm severity will lead to more destructive and frequent events,” she said.&nbsp;



“Our results show that floods were associated with higher death rates for most major causes of death, even for rain- and snow-related floods that are less likely to generate rapid emergency responses.”



Study senior author Robbie M. Parks, assistant professor in Environmental Health Sciences at Columbia Mailman School, noted that floods have a devastating effect on society in the U.S., yet a comprehensive assessment of their continuing health impacts had been lacking.



“Our study is a first major step in better understanding how floods may affect deaths, which provides an essential foundation for improving resilience to climate-related disasters across the days, weeks, months, and years after they wreak destruction,” said Parks.&nbsp;



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-deaths-after-large-floods">Deaths after large floods</h2>



The research team examined 35.6 million U.S. death records spanning from 2001 to 2018. Using a statistical model, they compared death rates during three-month periods following large floods to those during normal conditions, assessing variations across 2,711 counties that cover over 75% of the U.S. population.



The analysis revealed significant increases in death rates associated with flooding:



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Injury deaths: Tropical storm and hurricane-related floods caused a 24.9% increase in deaths among older adults and a 21.2% rise among women.</li>



<li><a href="https://www.earth.com/news/climate-change-worsens-cardiovascular-health-risks/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Cardiovascular diseases</a>: Death rates rose by 2.1% during heavy rain floods and 8.9% during snowmelt-related floods.</li>



<li>Respiratory diseases: Snowmelt-related flooding was linked to a 22.3% increase in mortality.</li>



<li>Neuropsychiatric conditions: Death rates rose by 15.9% during snowmelt-related floods.</li>



<li><a href="https://www.earth.com/news/the-infectious-disease-landscape-is-changing-and-we-must-prepare/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Infectious diseases</a>: Heavy rain floods caused a 3.2% increase in deaths, likely due to disruptions to water and sewage systems.</li>
</ul>



The study noted an alarming increase in the frequency of record-breaking rainfall. For instance, record-high monthly rainfall totals were achieved 27 percent more frequently in 2024 than at the century’s start, while daily records rose by 52 percent.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-lingering-health-impacts-of-floods">Lingering health impacts of floods</h2>



The experts emphasize that floods cause long-lasting health impacts beyond the immediate disaster. <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/forecasting-the-floods-new-clues-about-extreme-rainfall/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Extreme rainfall</a> events led to widespread flash floods in regions such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, Spain, and Bangladesh, causing thousands of deaths and widespread displacement.&nbsp;



Conversely, severe <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/droughts-and-extreme-weather-events-are-escalating/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">drought</a> conditions in places like the Amazon and southern Africa disrupted ecosystems, reduced crop yields, and heightened wildfire risks.



“Our study shows that even floods caused by snowmelt or heavy rain, each uniquely driven by changes to climate and development, elevate mortality months after the fact, providing critical knowledge of how to manage and adapt to floods,” said study co-author Jonathan Sullivan, an assistant professor at the University of Arizona.



These findings call for urgent action, including stronger flood defences, drought-resilient agriculture and water supplies, and better early warning systems.&nbsp;



Understanding the broad and lasting health impacts of floods will be critical for building resilient communities in the face of climate change.



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Flood fatalities: Experts reveal the hidden health impacts

A new study has shown that over the last 20...

Public health experts have long warned that <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/salmonella/symptoms-causes/syc-20355329" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Salmonella</a> can lurk in poultry products, but fresh research suggests the problem may be bigger than previously recognized. 



Evidence collected from a layered poultry chain in <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Liaoning" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Liaoning Province, China</a>, has highlighted contamination at different points of production.&nbsp;



Concerns about antibiotic resistance are also surfacing, which raises questions about how to contain these bacteria before they reach consumers. 



The implications point to a need for tighter measures and more knowledge about how best to keep poultry safe.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-salmonella-and-poultry-products">Salmonella and poultry products</h2>



In the newly published investigation, researchers took 1,207 samples from various points along a commercial egg production line. 



They discovered that 130, or 10.8%, tested <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-salmonella-outsmarts-our-gut-defenses/">positive for Salmonella</a>, most of which belonged to two specific varieties that are linked with known infection clusters. 



Health officials are paying attention to these findings because they illustrate how one bacterium can establish itself in multiple settings, from breeding flocks to final processing facilities. 



This level of contamination raises the pressure to identify quick strategies to reduce the spread.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-understanding-salmonella-the-basics">Understanding Salmonella -- the basics</h2>



Salmonella is a type of bacteria that can make people sick, usually causing food poisoning. It's commonly found in raw meat, especially poultry, eggs, and sometimes even in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/keeping-leafy-green-vegetables-safe-until-ready-to-eat/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">fruits and vegetables</a> that have been contaminated. 



When food is undercooked or not handled properly, the bacteria can thrive, and consuming it can lead to symptoms like stomach cramps, diarrhea, fever, and vomiting.



Salmonella is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness worldwide, and while most people recover on their own, it can be especially dangerous for young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-tracking-and-genetic-analysis">Tracking and genetic analysis</h2>



<a href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=36114151400" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Chuang Meng</a> from Yangzhou University led the study that applied a combination of epidemiological tracking and genetic analysis to trace Salmonella movements through the chain.



The study concluded that Salmonella contamination in the layered poultry production chain is more extensive than earlier assessments suggested. 



Researchers emphasized that the genetic similarity of strains across various production stages highlights the critical need for preventive measures starting at the breeding phase.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-antibiotic-resistance-on-the-radar">Antibiotic resistance on the radar</h2>



Besides direct contamination, the investigation uncovered indications that many of these Salmonella strains carry genes associated with resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics. 



This development stirs new worries because resistant bacteria can complicate treatment options. 



Researchers stress that keeping an eye on these genes is crucial, especially when many poultry farms rely on <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/innovative-sensor-uncovers-hidden-antibiotics-residues-in-milk-and-honey/">antibiotics</a>. 



Failure to address this could lead to situations where standard drugs lose their effectiveness, leaving both animal and human populations more vulnerable to lingering bacterial threats.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-health-authorities-chime-in">Health authorities chime in</h2>



“Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States,” said the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (<a href="https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">CDC</a>). 



Local outbreaks may attract attention, yet health agencies worldwide recognize Salmonella as a pressing concern.



Across the Atlantic, the European Food Safety Authority (<a href="https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/topics/topic/salmonella" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EFSA</a>) warns that Salmonella “remains one of the most frequently reported causes of foodborne outbreaks in the European Union.” 



Meanwhile, the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (<a href="https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/poultry" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">FSIS</a>) refers to the presence of Salmonella on raw poultry products “a serious concern.” 



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-breeding-stage-vulnerabilities">Breeding stage vulnerabilities</h2>



An important takeaway from this research is the vulnerability that emerges during the early phases of poultry breeding. Bacteria introduced at that point can persist through egg laying, processing, and distribution.&nbsp;



Once Salmonella establishes a foothold, it may linger on surfaces, equipment, or even inside birds. This possibility highlights the need for systems that scrutinize every step, not just the end product. 



By identifying weak spots early on, producers can take steps to reduce the odds of a larger outbreak down the line.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-keeping-salmonella-out-of-poultry">Keeping Salmonella out of poultry</h2>



Current discussions about mitigating Salmonella often revolve around stronger biosecurity at farms and improved sanitation throughout production. 



Some experts advocate tighter cleaning protocols between flocks to break the chain of contamination. Others highlight the value of modern genetic tools to detect bacterial clusters sooner. 



Antibiotic stewardship plays a role too, since overuse can aid resistant strains in taking hold. On the consumer side, careful handling and thorough cooking of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/strong-winds-help-pathogens-spread-on-poultry-farms/">poultry</a> remain cornerstones for lowering the chance of infection.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-public-health-considerations">Public health considerations</h2>



Safeguarding poultry products protects everyone who depends on this source of food. This study sheds light on how Salmonella can move unseen, raising the stakes for timely interventions. 



Some specialists propose creating regional networks that share data on emerging threats, while others recommend periodic testing of flocks to isolate infections before they spread.



The latest findings, published in <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579124012926?via%3Dihub" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Poultry Science</a>, confirm that a chain is only as strong as its weakest link. 



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-salmonella-poultry-and-future-health">Salmonella, poultry, and future health</h2>



Scientists anticipate doing continued research on innovative detection methods that can pinpoint Salmonella clusters faster than the current approaches do. 



Some labs are experimenting with real-time monitoring tools that generate alerts whenever contamination exceeds safe limits. Although obstacles such as cost and training persist, the momentum is there. 



Collaborative efforts between government agencies, academic institutions, and the poultry industry are likely to drive better techniques for preventing contamination. 



With targeted interventions, it becomes possible to protect animals and consumers in meaningful ways.



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Is it safe to eat eggs? Study finds Salmonella contamination throughout the production chain

Public health experts have long warned that Salmonella can lurk...

Who knew that a simple catch-up with your pals could hold the secret to a longer, healthier life? A recent study has suggested an intriguing link between our levels of social interaction and loneliness, and our physical health.



Leading the study was Dr. Chun Shen, along with his dedicated team from the University of Cambridge. The researchers found that a lack of social contact might be more harmful than previously suspected.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-growing-problem-of-loneliness">Growing problem of loneliness</h2>



Loneliness has become a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/social-isolation-and-loneliness-trigger-changes-in-blood-proteins/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">global public health issue</a> that affects people of all ages. While often associated with the elderly, loneliness has surged among younger generations as well, with 61% of 18–25-year-olds reporting frequent feelings of isolation.



Technology, despite promoting virtual connections, has deepened the problem by replacing meaningful, face-to-face interactions with superficial, online relationships.



Workplace changes, like remote work, have also reduced casual interactions and increased isolation among employees. Urban environments, with their fast-paced, individualistic cultures, paradoxically leave many feeling disconnected despite being surrounded by people.



Governments worldwide are recognizing loneliness as a crisis. The U.K. appointed a Minister for Loneliness, and Japan has initiatives to address extreme social withdrawal. The World Health Organization has also flagged loneliness as a growing concern.



Addressing loneliness requires promoting inclusive communities, encouraging social connections, and raising awareness to counter its significant emotional, physical, and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/loneliness-disrupts-college-students-sleep-more-than-screen-time/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">societal impacts</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-proteins-loneliness-and-health">Proteins, loneliness, and health</h2>



Researchers from the University of Cambridge analyzed blood samples from 42,000 adults aged 40-69, collected through the <a href="https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">U.K. Biobank</a>. Their study revealed a critical insight: loneliness increases the production of five specific proteins.



These proteins are directly linked to serious health conditions such as cardiovascular disease, high cholesterol, insulin resistance, and even early death. This finding sheds light on the biological mechanisms through which loneliness can harm physical health.



“We know that social isolation and loneliness are linked to poorer health, but we’ve never understood why. Our work has highlighted a number of proteins that appear to play a key role in this relationship,” explained Dr. Shen.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-role-of-social-contact">Role of social contact</h2>



The study emphasizes how social bonds act as a protective shield against many health issues. Loneliness and social isolation have long been associated with reduced well-being and early mortality. 



However, this research offers new insights into the biological mechanisms at play.



“These findings drive home the importance of social contact in keeping us well," noted Professor Barbara Sahakian from the Department of Psychiatry at the <a href="https://www.cam.ac.uk" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Cambridge</a>.



"More and more people of all ages are reporting feeling lonely. That’s why the World Health Organization (<a href="https://www.who.int" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">WHO</a>) has described social isolation and loneliness as a ‘global public health concern.” 



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-science-of-loneliness-and-health">The science of loneliness and health</h2>



The research indicated that loneliness was linked to the increased production of five distinct proteins in the body.



One of the primary ways loneliness affects health is through chronic stress. When people feel socially isolated, their bodies may register stress and prepare them for a state of “fight or flight.”



This stress response can elevate inflammation, disrupt hormone regulation, and impair immune system function. Over time, these physiological changes contribute to the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/loneliness-harms-health-more-than-alcohol-obesity-or-smoking/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">development of diseases</a>.



Additionally, loneliness impacts heart health by influencing blood pressure and increasing the likelihood of conditions such as hypertension. It also contributes to metabolic changes, which can lead to insulin resistance - a precursor to type 2 diabetes.



These findings reveal that loneliness is not just a social or emotional issue but a biological one with far-reaching implications for overall health. Understanding the science behind these processes emphasizes the importance of addressing loneliness to prevent its harmful effects on the body.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-practical-tips-for-staying-connected">Practical tips for staying connected</h2>



Promoting relationships and staying socially connected can significantly improve your well-being. Below are some practical ways to build and maintain connections while reducing feelings of loneliness.



<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li>Reconnect with friends and family
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Send a message, make a call, or schedule regular meetups.</li>



<li>Plan activities like meals, walks, or shared hobbies.</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li>Engage in community activities
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Join local groups or clubs, such as book clubs or fitness classes.</li>



<li>Volunteer in your community to meet people and make a difference.</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li>Build new social networks
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Attend events like workshops, networking meetups, or local festivals.</li>



<li>Use platforms like Meetup or Facebook Groups to find people with similar interests.</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li>Strengthen everyday interactions
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Greet your neighbors, chat with coworkers, or start conversations in daily settings.</li>



<li>Smile, make eye contact, and show interest to encourage connections.</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li>Focus on quality over quantity
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Spend time nurturing relationships that bring joy and support.</li>



<li>Prioritize meaningful connections over having a large social circle.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-combating-loneliness-for-better-health">Combating loneliness for better health</h2>



The findings, published in the journal Nature Human Behaviour, stress the need for society to prioritize social contact. Whether through community programs, mental health support, or simply reaching out to loved ones, staying socially connected can significantly improve overall health.



In a world that often feels more digitally connected but <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/feeling-lonely-and-unhappy-can-age-you-faster-than-smoking/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">socially distant</a>, these insights remind us of the importance of nurturing real-life relationships - for both our hearts and our health.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-02078-1">Nature Human Behaviour.</a>



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Social contact is a protective shield against health issues

Who knew that a simple catch-up with your pals could...

In a fast-paced, digitized world, excessive screen time among children is a rising concern - but it seems nature has something to say about it. 



A study from the University of Michigan indicates that the secret to pulling children away from screens might be as simple as offering them access to green spaces.



The study emphasizes that community programs aiming to reduce screen time work more effectively when children have access to local green spaces such as parks, forests, and lawns.



"Neighborhood green spaces may draw children out of the house and give them an alternative space to engage in activities other than screen time," explained study lead author Ian-Marshall Lang from U-M's School of Kinesiology.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-dangers-of-excessive-screen-time">Dangers of excessive screen time</h2>



Excessive screen time has become a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/swedish-pediatricians-no-screen-time-for-children-under-two/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">growing concern for children</a> worldwide. Experts recommend no more than two hours of recreational screen use per day for children aged 6 to 17. 



However, about two-thirds of children exceed this limit. Prolonged screen use can contribute to various issues, including reduced physical activity, disrupted sleep patterns, and increased risks of obesity and mental health challenges.



Children who spend more time on screens often miss opportunities to engage in healthier activities like outdoor play, social interactions, and physical exercise. These behaviors are vital for their physical, emotional, and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/kids-with-too-much-screen-time-struggle-to-gain-language-skills/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cognitive development</a>. 



Despite the efforts of community programs and policies aimed at curbing screen time, many of these initiatives face challenges in effectiveness - particularly in neighborhoods lacking supportive environments like accessible green spaces.



This imbalance highlights the importance of addressing the root causes of excessive screen time, including environmental factors, to ensure all children can benefit from healthier, more balanced lifestyles.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-green-spaces-and-screen-time">Green spaces and screen time</h2>



The study revealed that not all neighborhoods have equal access to green spaces. The researchers found that areas with higher Black and Hispanic populations often have fewer parks, open spaces, or natural areas.



The unequal distribution of green spaces creates barriers for children in these neighborhoods to engage in outdoor activities, impacting their <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-screen-time-changes-the-brain-based-on-23-years-of-research/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">health and well-being</a>.



The researchers explored why some community programs show varying success across racial and ethnic groups. 



"National research shows racial and ethnic inequities in green space availability. These unfair differences in green space access might explain why community programs and policies are less effective in reducing screen time among different racial groups," said Lang.



The findings emphasize the importance of creating equitable, supportive environments. Merely increasing program intensity won't solve the issue without addressing environmental barriers.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-implications-for-public-policy">Implications for public policy</h2>



The study suggests that improving access to green spaces could bolster the success of these programs. 



Initiatives like the 10-Minute Walk Program - which aims to ensure access to quality parks within a 10-minute walk for all U.S. residents - offer promising solutions.



"Our findings provide evidence-based support for initiatives to address inequities in green space access and promote healthier communities," noted Lang.



This research adds to a growing body of evidence that shows how unequal access to green spaces <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-does-screen-time-affect-preteens-mental-health/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">affects health</a>. 



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-equitable-access-to-green-spaces">Equitable access to green spaces </h2>



Communities with fewer parks or outdoor areas often see poorer health outcomes, including higher rates of screen time among children. Green spaces encourage physical activity, which can reduce reliance on screens and improve overall well-being.



The study emphasizes the need for targeted action by policymakers, urban planners, and community organizations to address these inequities. By investing in equitable access to green spaces, such as parks and recreational areas, we can create environments that support healthier habits for children. 



This approach of increasing access to green spaces not only promotes physical activity but also strengthens the effectiveness of community programs aimed at reducing screen time. 



Addressing these disparities ensures that all children, regardless of their neighborhood or background, have the opportunity to lead healthier lives.



The research was supported by the&nbsp;National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute&nbsp;and other NIH organizations. Co-authors included experts from the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.umich.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Michigan</a>, the&nbsp;<a href="https://sc.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of South Carolina</a>, and the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ku.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Kansas</a>.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1353829224001692?via%3Dihub" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Health &amp; Place</a>.



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Green spaces are key to reducing kids' screen time

In a fast-paced, digitized world, excessive screen time among children...

Could you spare just one hour a week to improve your health and happiness? This small commitment could slow your biological aging while enhancing your mental health. It might even help you live longer and enjoy life more. The best part? All you need to do is volunteer.



A recent study published in the journal Social Science and Medicine reveals a fascinating link: volunteering for as little as one hour each week is associated with slower biological aging.



“Volunteering is more than a good deed; it’s an investment in your own well-being,” explained study lead author Dr. Susan Harris, a sociologist at the University of Michigan.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-is-biological-aging">What is biological aging?</h2>



<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/discrimination-speeds-up-aging-molecular-level/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Biological aging</a> measures how well your cells and tissues function compared to your actual age. 



While your chronological age ticks forward predictably, your biological age reflects the wear and tear your body has endured. Lifestyle choices, environment, and stress play significant roles.



Researchers commonly assess biological aging using epigenetic testing, which analyzes changes in DNA expression influenced by behavior and surroundings. The study highlights that volunteering could be one such behavior that slows the clock on your cells.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-does-volunteering-slow-aging">How does volunteering slow aging?</h2>



Volunteering has a unique ability to improve physical, social, and psychological health - all of which contribute to slower aging.



Physical activities involved in helping others - such as walking - keep your body active. In addition, social connections are often built and strengthened through volunteering.



“<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/older-adults-make-decisions-and-take-risks-just-like-young-people/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Humans</a> are wired for connectedness,” said Dr. Harris. “Volunteering provides that connection while buffering against stress, depression, and loneliness.” 



These benefits create a ripple effect, boosting cognitive function, mental resilience, and overall well-being.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-volunteering-as-a-family">Volunteering as a family</h2>



Volunteering doesn’t have to be a solo mission. When families come together to serve, everyone wins. Children learn compassion, patience, and gratitude, while parents model values that words alone can’t teach.



“Family volunteering strengthens bonds and creates shared traditions. It’s an opportunity to instill lifelong values in children,” said Dr. Harris.



Nonprofits benefit tremendously from family volunteers. These organizations often lack the resources to fulfill their missions without community support. By uniting for a cause, families amplify their impact while creating meaningful experiences.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-finding-your-cause">Finding your cause</h2>



If you’re considering volunteering, start with what resonates most with you and your family. Ask yourself these questions:



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>What issues are you passionate about?</li>



<li>How old are your children, and what activities suit their abilities?</li>



<li>How often can you commit time?</li>



<li>What skills or talents can your family offer?</li>
</ul>



From helping the homeless to supporting the elderly, opportunities abound. For example, about 3.5 million people in the U.S. experience homelessness annually, and 40% are children. You can donate toiletries, collect school supplies, or provide transportation.



Alternatively, consider aiding the elderly, who often need companionship and assistance. Deliver meals, rake leaves, or simply listen to their stories. Even small gestures, like clearing snow from a neighbor’s car, can make a difference.



Children in homeless shelters also benefit from kindness. Volunteer to read, organize craft sessions, or teach skills like music or computer literacy. 



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-getting-started-resources-to-help">Getting started: Resources to help</h2>



Ready to take the plunge? Several organizations can help you find the right fit for your skills and schedule:



<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li><a href="https://www.volunteermatch.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">VolunteerMatch</a>: Search for opportunities by location and interest.</li>



<li><a href="https://kidsthatdogood.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Kids That Do Good</a>: Tailored for families, this platform connects you with charities and projects.</li>



<li><a href="https://www.doinggoodtogether.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Doing Good Together</a>: Focused on family-oriented volunteering, this group offers tips and local partnerships.</li>
</ol>



These resources ensure you can match your interests with meaningful ways to give back.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-benefits-of-volunteering">Benefits of volunteering </h2>



The benefits of volunteering extend beyond the individual to create a ripple effect throughout communities. 



For parents, it’s an opportunity to bond with children while instilling essential values. For children, it’s a chance to learn empathy and responsibility. And for the people you help? Your time and effort can transform lives.



The team from the <a href="https://www.umich.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Michigan</a> believes that volunteering is a cornerstone of healthy aging and thriving communities. 



“When you give to others, you receive much more in return - health, happiness, and a deeper connection to the world around you,” noted Dr. Harris.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-boosting-healthy-aging-through-volunteering">Boosting healthy aging through volunteering</h2>



The science behind volunteering highlights its profound impact on physical, mental, and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/public-perception-of-old-age-has-shifted-to-later-in-life/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">social well-being</a>. 



As research continues to explore this connection, one thing is clear: the act of helping others enriches both the giver and the receiver.



The next time you consider how to spend your time, think about volunteering. It’s a simple way to invest in your health, happiness, and community. Who wouldn’t want to add life to their years while making the world a better place?



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953624009559?via%3Dihub" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Social Science and Medicine</a>.



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Volunteering for just one hour a week slows aging

Could you spare just one hour a week to improve...

Every person has a story to tell. Whether it's a daily mishap at the grocery store or a life-changing adventure abroad, our experiences shape the narratives we share. 



But here's the fascinating part - the way we engage in storytelling might actually influence how meaningful and fulfilling our lives feel.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-storytelling-and-a-person-s-quality-of-life">Storytelling and a person's quality of life</h2>



A remarkable study, published in&nbsp;The Journal of Positive Psychology, reveals a direct link between storytelling ability and a person’s sense of purpose, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/experiences-not-things-are-key-to-deeper-social-connection/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">quality of life</a>, and capacity to see the bigger picture. 



Conducted in Israel and the United States, the research evaluated participants’ storytelling abilities through self-assessments, peer feedback, stranger ratings, and expert analysis of story recordings.



The findings? Better storytelling skills predict a stronger sense of meaning, a clearer understanding of life’s direction, and an enhanced ability to see beyond details.



This connection holds true even after accounting for personality traits, with introverts particularly benefiting from storytelling as a means of self-expression and personal growth.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-storytelling-key-to-personal-fulfillment">Storytelling: Key to personal fulfillment</h2>



The study confirms that storytelling isn’t just about entertainment; it’s a gateway to a more fulfilling life. Those who excel at storytelling report <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/social-rejection-teaches-us-valuable-lessons-about-relationships/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">greater life satisfaction</a> and clarity.



“The ability to tell a story effectively and compellingly allows people to enjoy a more fulfilling life,” noted Professor Ron Shachar from <a href="https://www.runi.ac.il/en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Reichman University</a>.



Introverts, often perceived as reserved, benefit in particular from honing their storytelling skills. Through storytelling, they gain confidence, express themselves more effectively, and connect with others on a deeper level.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-storytelling-at-work-the-secret-to-success">Storytelling at work: The secret to success</h2>



The implications of this study extend beyond the realms of personal growth.



In today’s fast-paced workplace, storytelling is a powerful tool for promoting engagement, collaboration, and innovation. Managers and organizations can leverage storytelling to:



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>build stronger teams,</li>



<li>enhance communication, and</li>



<li>cultivate a culture of purpose and inclusion.</li>
</ul>



Storytelling workshops and training programs can unlock creativity and productivity. They also empower employees - especially <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/social-isolation-and-loneliness-trigger-changes-in-blood-proteins/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">introverts</a> - to express their unique strengths, thus contributing to a more cohesive and innovative work environment.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-strategic-edge-of-storytelling-for-life">A strategic edge of storytelling for life</h2>



As artificial intelligence reshapes industries, uniquely human skills like storytelling grow in value. The ability to craft compelling narratives is closely tied to strategic thinking and vision - qualities essential for leaders and employees alike.



By investing in storytelling training, organizations equip their teams to adapt, innovate, and thrive in a rapidly evolving landscape.



“Storytelling is not only a tool for personal improvement but also a key to organizational success,” Professor Shachar emphasized.



From enhancing individual well-being to promoting a sense of inclusion and belonging, storytelling has the power to transform lives and workplaces alike.



In a world increasingly driven by data and technology, storytelling reminds us of what makes us human: our ability to connect, inspire, and find meaning in the stories we share.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-tips-to-improve-your-storytelling-skills">Tips to improve your storytelling skills</h2>



Mastering storytelling takes time, but the following steps will make your stories more engaging and memorable:



<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li>Know your audience Tailor your story to the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-friendships-improve-your-health-as-you-age/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">people</a> listening. Consider their interests, values, and what will resonate most with them. </li>



<li>Start strong Grab attention from the beginning with a compelling hook. Start with a surprising fact, a vivid description, or a relatable anecdote to draw listeners in. </li>



<li>Be clear and concise Keep your story focused. Avoid unnecessary details that might confuse or bore your audience. Stick to the core message you want to convey. </li>



<li>Use emotion Great stories make people feel something. Whether it’s humor, suspense, or inspiration, emotions create a connection with your audience. </li>



<li>Structure matters Follow a simple structure: beginning, middle, and end. Introduce the characters, set up the conflict, and provide a satisfying resolution. </li>



<li>Practice active voice Speak or write directly. Active voice makes your storytelling vivid and engaging. </li>



<li>Incorporate personal elements Share personal experiences or observations to make your story authentic and relatable. </li>



<li>Practice regularly Like any life skill, storytelling improves with practice. Share stories in casual settings to build confidence. </li>



<li>Observe great storytellers Learn from books, podcasts, or speakers. Analyze how they capture and hold attention. </li>



<li>Engage your audience Ask questions or pause for reactions. This interaction makes your storytelling more engaging and brings life to your narrative.</li>
</ol>



The study is published in <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17439760.2024.2431684" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Journal of Positive Psychology</a>.



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Want a happier life? Improving this particular skillset can help

Every person has a story to tell. Whether it's a...

The drink in your hand might carry more risks than you realize. Last Friday, U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy dropped a bombshell that's shaking up happy hours across America. Alcohol, that social lubricant we've embraced for millennia, needs a stark new warning label about its links to cancer.



Despite mounting evidence, fewer than half of Americans are aware of this risk. Murthy’s call for labeling alcohol bottles with cancer warnings aims to bridge this knowledge gap and save lives.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-stark-warning-backed-by-evidence">A stark warning backed by evidence</h2>



"Alcohol is a well-established, preventable cause of cancer responsible for about 100,000 cases and 20,000 <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/alcohol-related-deaths-have-doubled-over-the-past-two-decades/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">deaths</a> annually in the United States," stated Dr. Murthy.



The <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/about/leadership/vivek-murthy.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Surgeon General</a>’s advisory highlights that alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing at least seven types of cancer, including cancers of the breast, liver, and throat. 



This risk is not limited to heavy drinking; even moderate alcohol intake can raise the likelihood of developing these cancers. Essentially, the more alcohol a person consumes, the greater their risk of cancer becomes.



This finding is particularly significant as the U.S. is in the process of revising its dietary guidelines, which currently recommend that women consume no more than one drink per day and men no more than two. However, these guidelines may not fully reflect the evidence that links even small amounts of alcohol to increased cancer risk.



This raises questions about whether the current recommendations provide sufficient protection against alcohol-related cancers and suggests a need for updated guidance or heightened public awareness.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cancer-warning-labels-for-alcohol-bottles">Cancer warning labels for alcohol bottles</h2>



Murthy's advisory calls for adding cancer risk warnings to labels on <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/spike-in-alcohol-use-during-the-pandemic-continues-today/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">alcohol</a> bottles, building on existing warnings about drinking during pregnancy and impaired driving. Public health experts argue this step is long overdue.



"It’s pretty crazy that there’s a lot more information on a can of peas than on a bottle of whiskey," said Dr. Timothy Naimi from the <a href="https://www.uvic.ca" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Victoria</a>. He emphasized consumers’ right to know the health risks associated with alcohol.



Adding such warnings faces significant opposition from the alcohol industry, which invests heavily in lobbying against regulatory changes. The last update to alcohol warning labels was in 1989, and focused on pregnancy risks and drunk driving.



A similar push for cigarette warnings helped decrease smoking rates, which offers hope that alcohol warnings could yield comparable results.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-public-health-and-individual-choices">Public health and individual choices</h2>



Murthy encourages individuals to weigh their alcohol consumption carefully. "Cancer risk increases as you drink more alcohol," he wrote, reminding people that "less is better" when it comes to minimizing cancer risks.



The Surgeon General’s advisory emphasizes that addressing the link between alcohol and cancer goes beyond adding warning labels to alcoholic beverages. 



It calls on public health professionals to take an active role in educating communities about how alcohol contributes to cancer risk. Raising awareness at the community level can help people make informed decisions about their <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/drinking-alcohol-in-moderation-does-not-prolong-life/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">alcohol consumption</a>.



Additionally, the advisory encourages healthcare providers to address this issue directly in clinical settings. 



This means that doctors and other healthcare workers should talk to patients about the connection between alcohol and cancer, provide guidance on <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/alcohol-has-a-hidden-impact-on-heart-health/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">reducing consumption</a>, and offer support or treatment for those who struggle with drinking.



These combined efforts - community education and clinical intervention - aim to significantly reduce the nearly one million alcohol-related cancer cases that occurred over the past decade in the U.S.



By increasing public understanding and promoting healthier choices, these measures could prevent many future cancer cases.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-awareness-of-alcohol-and-cancer-link">Awareness of alcohol and cancer link</h2>



While Murthy’s proposal has ignited debate, it emphasizes the importance of making informed choices. 



"Many lifestyle choices carry potential risks," noted Amanda Berger from the <a href="https://www.distilledspirits.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Distilled Spirits Council of the United States</a>. She stressed the role of comprehensive scientific research in shaping policy.



Murthy’s advisory serves as a wake-up call. As Americans become more aware of the connection between alcohol and cancer, they can make <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/drinking-coffee-reduces-the-risk-of-certain-cancers/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">better-informed decisions</a>. Labeling is not just about regulation; it’s about empowerment and public health.



The Surgeon General’s call to action reminds us that awareness saves lives. As the nation grapples with this critical issue, one thing is clear: the conversation about alcohol and cancer is only just beginning.



You can read the full Advisory&nbsp;<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/surgeongeneral/priorities/alcohol-cancer/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">here</a>.



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Even small amounts of alcohol increase cancer risk

The drink in your hand might carry more risks than...

Sleep affects every aspect of our lives, from physical health to emotional balance. A recent study led by Dr. Marcus Harrington at the University of East Anglia (UEA) sheds light on the link between sleep deprivation, unwanted memories, and mental health problems.



Published in the&nbsp;Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences&nbsp;(PNAS), the research reveals how sleep impacts our brain’s ability to control intrusive thoughts - a key factor in emotional well-being.



Dr. Harrington, a lecturer at UEA's School of Psychology, worked with researchers from York, Cambridge, Sussex, and Queen's University in Canada. 



Using advanced neuroimaging, the team explored how deficits in brain function caused by sleep loss can impair memory control, and potentially trigger emotional distress.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-sleep-shapes-memories">How sleep shapes memories </h2>



The study addresses a longstanding question: why do poor <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/world-sleep-day-2024-the-quest-for-a-well-rested-society/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sleep habits</a> often lead to mental health issues like anxiety and depression? 



Sleep plays a vital role in the brain’s daily rejuvenation, particularly in regions that govern memory and emotional regulation.



“Memories of unpleasant experiences can intrude into conscious awareness, often in response to reminders. For most people, these moments pass quickly. However, they become vivid and recurring for individuals with disorders like depression or PTSD,” <a href="https://research-portal.uea.ac.uk/en/persons/marcus-harrington" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Dr. Harrington</a> explains.



Intrusive memories disrupt emotional stability, and understanding their mechanisms is crucial. This research connects memory control failures to sleep loss, and offers insights into the complex relationship between sleep and mental health.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-happens-to-the-sleep-deprived-brain">What happens to the sleep-deprived brain?</h2>



To uncover these links, the team conducted an experiment involving 85 healthy adults. Participants were divided into two groups: one spent a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/breathing-rhythms-help-strengthen-memories-during-sleep/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">restful night</a> in a sleep lab, while the other stayed awake. 



The next day, both groups performed memory suppression tasks while undergoing functional MRI scans. This process helped researchers identify which brain regions activated - or failed to activate - during attempts to suppress unwanted memories.



The results were striking. Participants who slept showed greater activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex - a brain region that is crucial for controlling thoughts, actions, and emotions. Conversely, those deprived of sleep exhibited reduced activity in this area.



Sleep-deprived participants also demonstrated heightened activity in the hippocampus, the brain's memory retrieval hub, during memory suppression attempts.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-rem-sleep-a-key-to-emotional-resilience">REM sleep: A key to emotional resilience</h2>



Among those who slept, the quality of sleep made a difference. Participants who spent more time in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep showed better engagement of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during memory suppression. 



REM sleep, often associated with dreaming, appears to restore brain regions that support memory control. This discovery supports the theory that REM sleep is important in emotional regulation and mental health.



“Taken together, our findings highlight the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/sleep-increases-feelings-of-hope-happiness-and-gratitude/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">critical role of sleep</a> in maintaining control over both our memories and ongoing thoughts,” Dr. Harrington noted.



This insight could pave the way for new strategies to prevent and treat mental health issues linked to poor sleep.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-sleep-for-memory-control">Sleep for memory control </h2>



Mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, and PTSD, affect millions worldwide. These conditions often involve intrusive, distressing thoughts that disrupt daily life. Understanding the brain’s mechanisms for managing these thoughts can help develop targeted interventions.



This study suggests that improving <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/sleeping-less-than-seven-hours-high-blood-pressure-risk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sleep quality</a>, particularly the amount of REM sleep, could enhance memory control and emotional resilience. Therapeutic approaches focusing on sleep hygiene or enhancing REM sleep might reduce the burden of mental health disorders.



Such treatments could benefit not only individuals with diagnosed conditions but also those facing occasional stress or emotional challenges.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-practical-takeaways-for-better-sleep">Practical takeaways for better sleep</h2>



While the findings open doors to scientific advances, they also highlight practical actions anyone can take.



<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li>Prioritize sleep by aiming for 7-9 hours of quality sleep per night. A consistent bedtime routine can help.</li>



<li>Create a sleep-friendly environment by keeping your bedroom dark, quiet, and cool.</li>



<li>Avoid stimulants before bed by reducing caffeine and screen time in the evening.</li>



<li>Practice relaxation techniques:&nbsp;meditation or deep breathing can prepare your mind for restful sleep.</li>
</ol>



These habits not only improve sleep but may also bolster emotional well-being by supporting the brain’s ability to manage intrusive thoughts.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-unanswered-questions-and-future-research">Unanswered questions and future research</h2>



This study raises intriguing questions about sleep’s broader role in brain function. 



Could enhancing REM sleep through technology or medication offer new treatments for <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-sleep-transforms-brain-performance/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">mental health</a> disorders? How might chronic sleep deprivation, such as experienced by shift workers, impact memory control over time?



Further research is needed to explore these areas, but the findings already mark significant progress. By connecting sleep, memory control, and emotional regulation, Dr. Harrington’s work offers hope for reducing the global burden of mental illness.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-sleep-prevents-unwanted-memories">Sleep prevents unwanted memories</h2>



Mental health affects us all, directly or indirectly. This research invites us to think about how something as routine as sleep shapes our minds and emotions. 



If you’ve ever struggled with a sleepless night and noticed its impact on your mood, you’ve experienced a glimpse of this phenomenon.



Dr. Harrington and his team have shown that sleep is more than a break from the day - it’s a crucial process that keeps our minds resilient and balanced.



As the experts continue to unravel these connections, we may find that improving sleep habits becomes one of the simplest, most effective ways to support mental health.



The study was published in the <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2400743122" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.</a>



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Sleep helps prevent unwanted memories from popping up

Sleep affects every aspect of our lives, from physical health...

Loneliness and social isolation are more than just feelings - they're silent threats to our health.



A recent study from researchers at the University of Cambridge and Fudan University reveals a direct link between our social lives and the proteins in our blood, shedding light on why staying connected may protect against serious illnesses. 



Published in the journal Nature Human Behaviour, the study analyzed blood samples from over 42,000 adults in the UK Biobank.



Dr. Chun Shen, a researcher in Cambridge’s Department of Clinical Neurosciences, is the study's lead author.



"We know that social isolation and loneliness are linked to poorer health, but we've never understood why. Our work has highlighted a number of proteins that play a key role in this relationship," explained Dr. Shen. 



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-why-loneliness-and-isolation-matter">Why loneliness and isolation matter</h2>



Loneliness and social isolation impact health differently. Isolation is an <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/loneliness-disrupts-college-students-sleep-more-than-screen-time/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">objective condition</a> - living alone or rarely interacting socially.



Loneliness, however, is subjective and hinges on an individual’s sense of connection. Both states have been linked to chronic conditions like heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and stroke, but the biological mechanisms behind these links remained elusive until now.



The study's approach was innovative: researchers analyzed "proteomes," or the collection of proteins in the bloodstream, to identify changes associated with social factors. 



Proteins, which govern critical functions in the body, often serve as indicators of health and potential drug targets.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-proteins-link-loneliness-to-poor-health">Proteins link loneliness to poor health</h2>



The study identified 175 proteins associated with social isolation and 26 linked to loneliness, with substantial overlap between the two. 



Many of these proteins are tied to inflammation, immune responses, and conditions like cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The team used Mendelian randomization, a robust statistical method, to confirm causal links between <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/loneliness-drops-in-middle-adulthood-but-then-grows-with-age/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">loneliness</a> and specific proteins.



One standout protein was ADM (adrenomedullin), which regulates stress responses and influences oxytocin - a hormone known to reduce stress and enhance mood.



“Levels of some proteins, including ADM, increase as a direct consequence of loneliness,” said Dr. Shen. 



High ADM levels were linked to structural changes in the brain’s insula and caudate regions, essential for emotional and social processing, and were associated with a higher risk of early death.



Other proteins, such as ASGR1, were linked to cholesterol regulation and cardiovascular risk. Several proteins played roles in insulin resistance, arterial health, and even cancer progression. These findings highlight the far-reaching effects of social isolation on physical health.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-why-social-bonds-protect-health">Why social bonds protect health</h2>



"AI and high-throughput proteomics can pinpoint key proteins in preventing and diagnosing diseases, revolutionizing our understanding of health," noted Professor Jianfeng Feng from the <a href="https://warwick.ac.uk" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Warwick</a>.



The connection between <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/loneliness-harms-health-more-than-alcohol-obesity-or-smoking/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">social relationships and health</a> isn’t new. However, this study offers unprecedented insight into the biological pathways at play. 



It highlights how proteins, as mediators of biological processes, may bridge the gap between social experiences and physical outcomes.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cost-of-social-isolation-and-loneliness">Cost of social isolation and loneliness </h2>



The findings come at a critical time. Professor Barbara Sahakian from Cambridge’s <a href="https://www.postgraduate.study.cam.ac.uk/courses/departments/cvpc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Department of Psychiatry</a> noted that more and more people - of all ages - are reporting feeling lonely.



"That’s why the <a href="https://www.who.int" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">World Health Organization</a> describes social isolation and loneliness as a ‘global public health concern,’" said Professor Sahakian. 



The urgency is clear: without intervention, the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/loneliness-causes-people-to-have-more-nightmares/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ripple effects of loneliness</a> may strain individuals and healthcare systems alike.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-moving-forward-what-can-we-do">Moving forward: What can we do?</h2>



So, how do we tackle this pressing issue? Solutions must address both personal and societal levels. Promoting social activities, community engagement, and using technology to connect isolated individuals are vital.



Policymakers and healthcare providers must collaborate to create environments that encourage social bonding.



Dr. Shen’s team also calls for more research into targeted therapies. The proteins identified could pave the way for treatments that mitigate the impact of loneliness on the body. By developing interventions that focus on these biological markers, we may help those most at risk.



The evidence is clear: our social lives profoundly influence our physical health. This study doesn’t just illuminate the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/loneliness-impairs-memory-in-older-adults/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">biological roots</a> of loneliness - it also challenges us to rethink how we value relationships.



As the world grapples with increasing isolation and loneliness, these findings serve as a timely reminder of the power of social connection.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-02078-1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nature Human Behaviour</a>.



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Social isolation and loneliness trigger changes in blood proteins

Loneliness and social isolation are more than just feelings -...

Researchers at the Allen Institute have identified a specific brain region in mice where aging triggers significant changes in numerous cell types. The study also pinpointed which cell types undergo the most profound transformations



This new information, published in the journal <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08350-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nature</a>, points toward potential approaches for slowing or controlling the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/what-25-years-of-research-revealed-about-brain-aging/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">aging</a> process in the brain.



The research was focused on numerous glial cell types - the brain’s “support cells” - that demonstrated considerable shifts in gene activity with age. Among the cells most affected were microglia, border-associated macrophages, oligodendrocytes, tanycytes, and ependymal cells.&nbsp;



The study showed that, in aging brains, the activity of genes linked to <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/fasting-helps-the-body-fight-inflammation-and-chronic-diseases/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">inflammation</a> rose, while the activity of genes important for neurons decreased.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-aging-hotspot-identified-in-the-brain">Aging hotspot identified in the brain</h2>



The researchers discovered a concentration of these changes in an “aging hotspot,” located in the hypothalamus.&nbsp;



The most significant gene expression changes were discovered in cell types located near the third ventricle of the hypothalamus.



The cells include tanycytes, ependymal cells, and neurons with an important role in food intake, energy homeostasis, metabolism, and how our bodies use nutrients.&nbsp;



This observation hints at a connection between <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/a-healthy-diet-can-reduce-brain-aging/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">diet</a>, lifestyle factors, brain aging, and changes that influence susceptibility to age-related brain disorders.



“Our hypothesis is that those cell types are getting less efficient at integrating signals from our environment or from things that we're consuming,” said study lead author Kelly Jin, a scientist at the <a href="https://alleninstitute.org/division/brain-science/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Allen Institute for Brain Science</a>.&nbsp;



“And that loss of efficiency somehow contributes to what we know as aging in the rest of our body. I think that's pretty amazing, and I think it’s remarkable that we're able to find those very specific changes with the methods that we're using.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-analyzing-millions-of-brain-cells">Analyzing millions of brain cells</h2>



The experts employed advanced single-cell RNA sequencing and high-resolution mapping methods created through <a href="https://braininitiative.nih.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The BRAIN Initiative®</a>.&nbsp;



The team analyzed over 1.2 million brain cells taken from mice at two months of age (classified as “young”) and 18 months of age (considered by researchers to be “late middle-aged”).&nbsp;



Mice share critical structural, functional, and genetic features with humans, making them useful for studying how the brain evolves over time.



“Aging is the most important risk factor for <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/alzheimers-disease-attacks-the-brain-in-two-separate-phases/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Alzheimer’s disease</a> and many other devastating brain disorders. These results provide a highly detailed map for which brain cells may be most affected by aging,” said Richard J. Hodes, the director of <a href="https://www.nia.nih.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NIH’s National Institute on Aging</a>.&nbsp;



“This new map may fundamentally alter the way scientists think about how aging affects the brain and also provides a guide for developing new treatments for aging-related brain diseases.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-will-this-study-help">How will this study help?</h2>



The researchers found that particular clusters of cell types in the hypothalamus had a meaningful drop in the genes essential for neuron functioning, while the genes involved in inflammation rose in activity.&nbsp;



The experts reasoned that examining this hotspot and these cell types more closely could lead to targeted interventions.



“We want to develop tools that can target those cell types,” said Hongkui Zeng, the executive vice president and director of the Allen Institute for Brain Science. “If we improve the function of those cells, will we be able to delay the aging process?”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-lifestyle-factors-in-brain-aging">Lifestyle factors in brain aging</h2>



These data support earlier links between aging and metabolic changes, along with evidence suggesting that intermittent fasting or a balanced diet might influence longevity.&nbsp;



While the study did not test dietary patterns directly, it highlights the importance of understanding which brain cells may be “players” in the aging process.



“It’s not something we directly tested in this study,” said Jin. “But to me, it points to the potential players involved in the process, which I think is a huge deal because this is a very specific, rare population of neurons that express very specific genes that people can develop tools for to target and further study.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-preventing-age-related-brain-decline">Preventing age-related brain decline</h2>



The study provides a starting point for deeper inquiries into how diet, lifestyle, or pharmaceuticals might alleviate or slow age-related declines in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/brain-health-may-literally-be-a-state-of-mind/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">brain health</a>. 



By tracking the most vulnerable cell types, researchers hope to devise strategies - whether dietary or pharmaceutical - that help maintain healthy brain function well into old age.



“The important thing about our study is that we found the key players - the real key players - and the biological substrates for this process,” Zeng said.&nbsp;



“Putting the pieces of this puzzle together, you have to find the right players. It’s a beautiful example of why you need to study the brain and the body at this kind of cell type-specific level.”&nbsp;



“Otherwise, changes happening in specific cell types could be averaged out and undetected if you mix different types of cells together.”



As scientists probe further into the link between these specific cells and the hypothalamic region, this line of research sets the stage for developing new methods aimed at preserving cognitive abilities and forestalling age-related diseases.&nbsp;



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"Aging hotspot" found in the brain may hold the key to longevity

Researchers at the Allen Institute have identified a specific brain...

Over the past decade, there's been growing concern about the staggering rates of suicide. Now, a remarkable study from Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) offers a ray of hope. The study illustrates how artificial intelligence (AI) alerts can aid doctors in identifying patients at a higher risk for suicide.



Led by Dr. Colin Walsh, the research team tested the Vanderbilt Suicide Attempt and Ideation Likelihood (VSAIL) model. This AI-driven system aimed to prompt suicide risk screening in three VUMC neurology clinics. 



The findings, published in the journal JAMA Network Open, demonstrate that interruptive alerts - which actively notify doctors during their workflow - were far more effective than passive notifications embedded in electronic charts.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ai-driven-alerts-for-suicide-risks">AI-driven alerts for suicide risks</h2>



The study compared two types of AI-driven alerts. Interruptive alerts actively interrupted the doctor's workflow by appearing as pop-up notifications during a patient consultation. 



This required the doctor to acknowledge and address the alert immediately, thus ensuring that they took action right away.



Passive alerts provided the same risk information but did so in a less direct way. The information was displayed within the patient's electronic medical chart, where it could be seen but did not actively prompt the doctor to take immediate action. 



This approach avoided interrupting the workflow but relied on the doctor noticing and acting on the information independently.



The study found interruptive alerts to be more effective at prompting doctors to conduct <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/women-who-were-born-prematurely-are-more-prone-to-suicide/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">suicide risk</a> assessments.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-interruptive-alerts-reduced-suicide-risk">Interruptive alerts reduced suicide risk</h2>



The results were striking. The team found that interruptive alerts led to suicide risk assessments in 42% of cases, while passive alerts resulted in assessments in only 4% of cases.



“Most people who die by suicide have seen a health care provider in the year before their death, often for reasons unrelated to mental health. But universal screening isn’t practical in every setting. We developed VSAIL to help identify high-risk patients and prompt focused screening conversations,” said Dr. Walsh.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-suicide-a-growing-public-health-crisis">Suicide: A growing public health crisis</h2>



Suicide rates in the United States have been increasing steadily, with 14.2 deaths per 100,000 people annually. Suicide is now the 11th <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/stock-market-volatility-increases-risk-of-heart-attacks-and-suicide/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">highest cause of death</a> nationwide.



The researchers noted that 77% of individuals who die by suicide have seen a primary care provider within the year before their death. These figures highlight the critical need for better ways to identify and support individuals at risk.



The VSAIL model offers a significant advance in addressing this challenge. It uses data from routine electronic health records to assess a patient's 30-day risk of attempting suicide.



In prior testing, VSAIL demonstrated its effectiveness by identifying high-risk individuals, with one in 23 flagged patients later reporting suicidal thoughts. This capability positions VSAIL as a powerful tool for targeted suicide prevention efforts.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-identifying-high-risk-patients">Identifying high-risk patients </h2>



The new study involved 7,732 patient visits over six months, which triggered 596 suicide alerts.



Researchers focused on neurology clinics, as certain neurological conditions carry heightened suicide risks. Of the flagged visits, only about 8% prompted alerts, highlighting the model’s efficiency in busy <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/ai-can-alert-doctors-when-patients-might-get-sicker/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">clinical environments</a>.



During the 30-day follow-up, no flagged patients reported suicidal ideation or attempts. However, the team noted potential downsides, such as “alert fatigue,” where frequent notifications could overwhelm clinicians. Future studies will explore this balance.



“Health care systems need to balance the effectiveness of interruptive alerts against their potential downsides,” Walsh noted. 



“But these results suggest that automated risk detection combined with well-designed alerts could help us identify more patients who need suicide prevention services.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-broader-implications-of-suicide-alerts">Broader implications of suicide alerts</h2>



The study’s success suggests that <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/truth-deception-future-of-ai-artificial-intelligence-lie-detection-machines/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">similar systems</a> could benefit other medical settings. By selectively flagging high-risk patients, AI models like VSAIL offer a feasible and impactful approach to suicide prevention.



“The automated system flagged only about 8% of all patient visits for screening. This selective approach makes it more feasible for busy clinics to implement suicide prevention efforts,” Dr. Walsh concluded.



The research was conducted by a multidisciplinary team from VUMC, including Dr. Michael Ripperger, Dr. Laurie Novak, and co-senior authors Dr. William Stead and Dr. Kevin Johnson. 



The study paves the way for innovative, AI-driven interventions that could save lives and redefine suicide prevention in healthcare.



The research is published in the journal <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2828654" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">JAMA Network Open</a>.



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AI alerts improve suicide prevention in clinics

Over the past decade, there's been growing concern about the...

Without a doubt, aging is a complex process. It's a journey that each cell in the body undertakes.



Along the way, aging can lead to the development of serious health conditions in humans such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-mystery-of-cellular-aging">The mystery of cellular aging</h2>



Could there be a way to delay the onset of age-related ailments by looking at them from a different perspective? There might be more to the story than meets the eye.



As we age, our cells age too. This means that decoding the mystery of cellular aging could be the ultimate secret to unlocking a longer human lifespan. 



The journey of a scientific team from <a href="https://weill.cornell.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Weill Cornell Medicine</a> takes us through the complex world of cell aging, specifically focusing on a dense part of the cell nucleus called the nucleolus.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-role-of-the-nucleolus">The role of the nucleolus</h2>



What is the nucleolus and why is it important?



The nucleolus is a dense, spherical region found in a cell's nucleus. It houses the ribosomal DNA (rDNA), which is a segment of DNA that codes for the core parts of ribosomes. 



Ribosomes are tiny organelles, found inside cells, that help to make proteins. Ribosomal DNA is one of the most vulnerable parts of the genome due to its repetitive composition, which makes it complicated to maintain or repair when damaged.



In the course of a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/scientists-transfer-longevity-gene-hoping-to-extend-human-lifespan/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">lifespan</a>, organisms ranging from yeast to humans undergo an expansion in the size of their nucleoli.



One fascinating observation is that <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/new-anti-aging-drug-interleukin-11-boosts-lifespan-prevents-cancer-gray-hair/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">anti-aging</a> strategies, such as consuming fewer calories, result in the presence of smaller nucleoli in cells.



This begs the question - could keeping the nucleolus small be the key to delaying aging?



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-resetting-the-aging-clock">Resetting the aging clock</h2>



Dr. J. Ignacio Gutierrez and Dr. Jessica Tyler, the study's lead investigators, suggested that deliberately keeping nucleoli small might help <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/t-cells-could-be-used-to-slow-down-or-even-reverse-aging/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">slow down aging</a>.



The experts tested this idea by engineering a method to attach the rDNA to the membrane of yeast cell nuclei. This innovative system gave them the ability to control the size of the nucleolus.



The result? Keeping the nucleolus compact appeared to delay aging to a similar extent as the calorie restriction strategy. 



This discovery hints at the possibility that the nucleolus could indeed play a significant role in manipulating the aging process.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-counting-down-the-cellular-lifespan">Counting down: The cellular lifespan</h2>



Another intriguing observation was that nucleoli did not expand at a uniform rate throughout a cell's lifespan. 



Instead, the nucleoli remained small for most of the cell's life until they suddenly began growing rapidly at a specific size threshold. Cells only persisted for an average of about five more divisions after crossing this threshold.



Deterioration and damage to <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/humans-and-bakers-yeast-have-similar-dna/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">DNA</a> occur as part of the aging process. In testing, the research team discovered that the larger nucleoli had less stable rDNA than the smaller ones.



Furthermore, when the nucleolus grew, it started allowing in proteins and other factors that could potentially harm the fragile rDNA.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-aging-insights-from-yeast-to-humans">Aging insights from yeast to humans</h2>



The next step for the researchers is to investigate these fascinating nucleolar effects on aging in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/blood-stem-cells-grown-in-the-lab-for-first-time-ever-leukemia-treatment/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">human stem cells</a>. 



Unlike most other cells, stem cells hold the unique potential to replace other cell types as they perish. The findings from this project could be key to achieving the goal of prolonging their longevity.



The connection of the nucleolus structure with the DNA repair process in a way that is conserved in all organisms, from yeast to humans, is indeed a breakthrough.



Our cellular clock may tick a bit slower in the future, thanks to this monumental stride in understanding the intricate process of aging.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-beyond-the-nucleolus-exploring-aging-pathways">Beyond the nucleolus: Exploring aging pathways</h2>



While the nucleolus presents a compelling target for understanding and potentially slowing aging, it is just one piece of a complex puzzle. 



Aging is influenced by a network of cellular processes, including mitochondrial function, telomere shortening, and epigenetic changes. These processes interact in intricate ways, shaping how cells age and respond to damage over time.



One area of interest lies in the interplay between nucleolar dynamics and other cellular aging pathways. 



For example, recent studies suggest that changes in nucleolar size could influence protein synthesis, energy metabolism, and stress responses - all of which are key factors that affect an organism's lifespan.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-understanding-the-aging-process">Understanding the aging process </h2>



By integrating these findings with insights into mitochondrial health and DNA repair mechanisms, scientists aim to develop a more holistic understanding of the aging process.



The researchers from Weill Cornell Medicine are hopeful that combining knowledge of nucleolar manipulation with these broader pathways could unlock new therapeutic strategies. 



These approaches might not only delay the onset of age-related diseases but could also improve overall health and resilience as we grow older.



The full study was published in the journal <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-024-00754-5" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nature Aging</a>.



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Cellular "mortality timer" discovered that dictates aging

Without a doubt, aging is a complex process. It's a...

Scientists are transforming chocolate into a functional food by infusing it with probiotics and prebiotics, aiming to create a treat that satisfies cravings while supporting gut health. 



The challenge lies in maintaining chocolate's beloved texture and flavor while adding health benefits.



<figure class="wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
https://youtu.be/Ug657J67iEo?si=w96YjGMsg939LD_3
</div></figure>



Probiotics - beneficial microbes that balance gut bacteria and aid digestion - are typically fragile and can be destroyed by stomach acid or processing. 



Prebiotics act as food for these microbes, helping them thrive. Together, they form "synbiotics," a powerful health combination.



Researchers Smriti Gaur and Shubhi Singh from India's Jaypee Institute of Information Technology took an innovative approach, using natural prebiotics like corn and honey instead of complex processing methods. 



They created five chocolate varieties: a control and four synbiotic versions containing different combinations of prebiotics, probiotics (Lactobacillus strains), and flavor enhancers (cinnamon or orange).



Laboratory simulations of human digestion showed the probiotics remained viable for over five hours, suggesting they could survive long enough to benefit gut health.



Taste tests were positive, with researchers particularly enjoying the orange-flavored variety, describing it as having "vibrant citrus notes" complementing the "rich cocoa" with a "luxurious" texture.



This research represents just the beginning. With further refinement of strains, textures, and flavors, chocolate could evolve beyond mere indulgence to become a functional food that nourishes while it delights.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsfoodscitech.4c00741" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ACS Food Science &amp; Technology</a>.

Is chocolate the next nutritional powerhouse?

Scientists are transforming chocolate into a functional food by infusing...

<div class="wp-block-sendtonews-playerselector">[sendtonews key="0ynNMYkMKa-2340414-12187" type="single"]</div>



Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Nushagak Bay, a large estuary in southwest Alaska. Nushagak runs mainly north to south and exits in Bristol Bay, a large body of water in the Bering Sea.



"The bay is primarily fed by the Nushagak River, which begins in the Alaska Range and flows southwest approximately 450 km. The bay is also fed by several additional rivers including the Wood, Igushik, Snake and Weary rivers," says ESA.



"The dark colors of the Nushagak River are most likely due to tannins or lignins (chemical substances found in plants). Tannins and lignins from roots, leaves, seeds, bark and soil can leach into the water and give it a brown or even black colour. The sediments then flow southwards where it is mixed with the bluer waters of the bay."



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Nushagak Bay in southwest Alaska

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> (ACS) reveals that proteins on flu viruses are actually flexible, tilting and waving in a “breath-like” motion. According to the experts, these proteins could be used to better defend against the flu.



"The main antigenic targets of influenza virus are two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Whereas the structural and dynamical properties of both glycoproteins have been studied previously, the understanding of their plasticity in the whole-virion context is fragmented," wrote the researchers.



To investigate, the team conducted detailed simulations of the influenza A H1N1 virion, or the swine flu. The experts concluded that the visualizations show many new vulnerable states of flu viruses, which could improve future vaccines and antiviral drugs.



Video/ Image Credit: American Chemical Society&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Flu viruses are more flexible than expected

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Lake Trasimeno, which is located west of Perugia in central Italy. It is the fourth largest lake in the country. While Trasimeno’s water level varies, it has a maximum depth of approximately six meters.&nbsp;



"In this Copernicus Sentinel-2 image, captured on 6 August 2022, the lake’s emerald green colour is likely due to the presence of phytoplankton. Streaks in the water, particularly visible in the west, indicate the presence of soil and sediments which have been stirred up by winds. Dark colored waters in the southern part of the lake indicate a presence of submerged and floating macrophytes (aquatic plants) as well as algae," says ESA.



"Surrounded by hills on three sides, Trasimeno is subject to heavy storms created by winds, especially from the north and west. There are three islets in the lake: Maggiore, Minore and Polvese (the largest). The lake’s shores are sparsely inhabited with only two popular villages: Castiglione del Lago and Passignano sul Trasimeno."



"Italy is experiencing its worst drought in 70 years which has affected drinking water supplies, hydroelectric power and agricultural production. High temperatures, hot winds and lack of rainfall are the main causes of drought in the Umbrian region which saw Lake Trasimeno’s drop 1.3 m, reaching the limit of the hydrometric zero in July 2022."



Video/Image Credit: ESA&nbsp;



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By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Lake Trasimeno in Central Italy

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> describes a new self-powered nanosensor that can instantly detect mercury contamination with the tap of a finger.&nbsp;



The oxidized form of mercury can be harmful when it is ingested through contaminated water or food. This makes it necessary for experts to develop sensors that can quickly and accurately detect the presence of mercury.&nbsp;



Zong-Hong Lin and colleagues have now created a triboelectric nanosensor (TENS) that can detect mercury by simply by touching a sample. According to the researchers, their TENS could serve as the basis for similar devices to safely and remotely monitor other pollutants.



Video Credit: American Chemical Society&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Detecting mercury contamination with the tap of a finger

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> explores the ability of salt to transform the way that foods and beverages taste. Salt is known to cover up undesirable flavors, such as bitterness in coffee or beer, but how exactly does sodium chloride change the taste of other compounds?



One previous study showed that, not only does salt suppress bitterness, but also enhances sweetness and sourness. Another study revealed that bitterness reduction by salt seems to be happening at the tongue receptor level as well as in the brain.&nbsp;



While it is known that salt taste is mediated by the presence of sodium channels in the form of taste buds, experts believe that there is also an unknown receptor responsible for how we taste salt that has not yet been identified.&nbsp;



Video Credit: ACS Reactions



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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How does salt makes things taste better?

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Santiago, the capital city of Chile. The city is located in the center of the Santiago Metropolitan Region, which has a population of about eight million people.&nbsp;



'The weather of Santiago resembles the Mediterranean climate with dry and warm summers with temperatures reaching up to 35°C (from October to March) and cool and humid winters that can drop to 0°C (from April to September)."



"The city lies in the centre of the country’s central valley around 80 km from the Pacific Ocean to the west and borders Argentina to the east. A tiny part of Argentina is visible in the top-right corner of the image where the mountain crest of the Andes Mountains acts as a divider between the two countries," says ESA.



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Santiago, Chile in South America

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Spiral,Galaxy,,Illustration,Of,Milky,Way

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Astronomers at <a href="https://www.jhu.edu/">Johns Hopkins University</a> have created an interactive map of the universe, including the actual position and real colors of 200,000 galaxies. The map allows the public to access data that was previously only available to scientists.



The map was developed using data collected by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. For over two decades, a telescope in New Mexico was aimed at slightly different locations to capture the night sky.&nbsp;



"Growing up I was very inspired by astronomy pictures, stars, nebulae and galaxies, and now it's our time to create a new type of picture to inspire people," said map creator Brice Ménard, a professor at Johns Hopkins. "Astrophysicists around the world have been analyzing this data for years, leading to thousands of scientific papers and discoveries. But nobody took the time to create a map that is beautiful, scientifically accurate, and accessible to people who are not scientists. Our goal here is to show everybody what the universe really looks like."



"In this map, we are just a speck at the very bottom, just one pixel. And when I say we, I mean our galaxy, the Milky Way which has billions of stars and planets. We are used to seeing astronomical pictures showing one galaxy here, one galaxy there or perhaps a group of galaxies. But what this map shows is a very, very different scale."



"From this speck at the bottom, we are able to map out galaxies across the entire universe, and that says something about the power of science."



The <a href="https://mapoftheuniverse.net/">interactive map</a> is available online, where it can be downloaded for free.



Video Credit: Johns Hopkins&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Interactive map of the universe includes 200,000 galaxies

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Lesotho: Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky" Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features northwest Lesotho in South Africa.



According to ESA, Lesotho is the only nation in the world that lies completely above 1,000 m in elevation. The country is famous for its tall mountains and narrow valleys, and is known as Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky."



Out of a population of around two million people, about 80 percent live in rural areas. More than 75 percent of these people are engaged in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/climate-change-will-have-a-global-impact-on-agriculture/">agriculture</a>, including rainfed cereal production and animal grazing.&nbsp;



ESA reports that the country’s agricultural system faces a growing number of issues, with climate-related vulnerabilities such as drought, floods and extreme temperatures occurring more frequently. 



Diamonds are amongst the minerals found in the mountains. Indeed, Lesotho can truly be called the Kingdom in the Sky. Beautiful, culturally rich, safe, affordable, and easily accessible from Durban and Johannesburg, mountainous Lesotho is a vastly underrated travel destination. the Kingdom of Lesotho (Sotho: 'Muso oa Lesotho) is an enclaved country in southern Africa. It is just over 30,000 km2 (11,583 sq mi) in size and has a population of around 2 million.



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer 



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Lesotho: Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky"

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Dublin, the capital and largest city of Ireland. Beyond its pub culture, Dublin is known as a modern culinary destination and a UNESCO City of Literature.



"Dublin is located near the midpoint of Ireland’s east coast in the province of Leinster. The city, which covers an area of around 115 square kilometers, is bordered by the Dublin Mountains, a low mountain range to the south, and is surrounded by flat farmland to the north and west," says ESA.



"The city straddles the River Liffey, which rises in the Wicklow Mountains and flows around 80 kilometers eastwards through the city of Dublin, in which it is canalised and bordered with quays. It then empties into Dublin Bay, an arm of the Irish Sea."



Dublin has an abundance of green spaces, including one of the largest enclosed public parks in any European capital city. Phoenix Park, which was originally formed as a royal hunting park in the 1660s, includes 707 hectares of green space.



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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The city of Dublin on Ireland's east coast

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features the province of Zaragoza in northeast Spain. The image was captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission.



"Together with the provinces of Huesca and Teruel, Zaragoza formed the old kingdom of Aragon. Its capital, also called Zaragoza (not visible in this image) is home to around half of Aragon’s population," says ESA.



"The Ebro River can be seen winding its way through the province from west to east in this image. Between its source in the Cantabrian Mountains in the northwest and its delta on the Mediterranean coast, the Ebro River is fed by more than 200 tributaries as it flows 910 km across much of northern Spain."



Since rainfall is very scarce in this region, irrigation in the Ebro basin is critically important. In the valleys surrounding the Ebro River, many fields are used for growing crops such as corn, wheat, and barley.



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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The province of Zaragoza in northeast Spain

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Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> reveals the evolution of the Columbia Glacier in southeastern Alaska. Columbia is among the fastest shrinking glaciers in the world, and the video documents its rapid retreat over the years.&nbsp;



Columbia Glacier is a large, multi-branched calving glacier that flows out of the Chugach Mountains to the Prince William Sound.&nbsp;



According to USGS, Columbia had a long history of stability prior to 1980, with a length 41 miles, and small, short-lived advances or retreats.



In the years since 1980, however, satellite images have captured Columbia’s alarming retreat. By using false-color images, scientists can distinguish between snow and ice, open water, vegetation, and rocky debris on the glacier’s surface.



The series of false-color images featured in today's video were acquired over the span of 35 years. You can see that by 2021, the glacier’s main branch had retreated about 15 miles from its initial position.



The Columbia Glacier has also lost more than 50 percent of its volume, mostly due to calving. <a href="https://www.earth.com/video/nasa-reveals-3d-visual-of-an-atmospheric-river/">NASA</a> reports that while climate change likely started the retreat, mechanical processes kept the disintegration going.



The NASA images are provided by Jesse Allen, Robert Simmon, Joshua Stevens, and Lauren Dauphin using data from Landsat satellites, from the U.S. Geological Survey, and data from MODIS on NASA’s Terra satellite. The structure of Columbia’s moraine played a large role in the stability of the glacier before 1980. 



Like other tidewater glaciers, the Columbia built up a moraine over time, and the mixture of ice and rock functioned like a dam keeping out the sea. It was supported on one end by the shoreline and by the underwater terminal moraine at the other.



Video Credit: NASA Earth Observatory/&nbsp; NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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The rapid retreat of the Columbia Glacier

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features the Pyrenees Mountains, which form a natural boundary between France and Spain in southwest Europe.



The mountain range is 430 kilometers in length. It stretches from the Mediterranean Sea on the east to the Atlantic Ocean on the west.



At an elevation of 3404 meters, Pico de Aneto is the highest mountain peak in the Pyrenees, and the third-highest peak in Spain. Pico de Aneto is located in the Posets-Maladeta Natural Park, which spans more than 82,000 acres.&nbsp;



"Geological studies have revealed that the Pyrenees Mountains have been around for longer than the Alps, with their sediments first deposited in coastal basins during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras," reports ESA.



"The entire mountain range formed due to the upwelling of large sedimentary rocks by the collision of the Iberian and the Eurasian plate around 100 to 150 million years ago, followed by intense erosion from ice and water."



The western Pyrenees receive more precipitation due to moisture blowing in from the Atlantic Ocean. The mountain range contains many lakes, several small glaciers, and some of the highest waterfalls in Europe.



Video &amp; Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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The Pyrenees Mountains in southwest Europe

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Earth,Like,Exoplanet,3d,Render

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Today's Video of the Day from <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard">NASA Goddard</a> describes two exoplanets that are orbiting a star 218 light-years away. A team of researchers led by the University of Montreal has found evidence that these planets are "water worlds."



The experts used data from NASA’s Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes. They discovered that exoplanets Kepler-138 c and Kepler-138 could be composed largely of water.



"We previously thought that planets that were a bit larger than Earth were big balls of metal and rock, like scaled-up versions of Earth, and that's why we called them super-Earths," explained study co-author Björn Benneke.&nbsp;



"However, we have now shown that these two planets, Kepler-138 c and d, are quite different in nature and that a big fraction of their entire volume is likely composed of water. It is the best evidence yet for water worlds, a type of planet that was theorized by astronomers to exist for a long time."



Video Credit: NASA Goddard



Image Credit: NASA, ESA, and Leah Hustak (STScI)



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Two distant planets may be "water worlds"

[sendtonews key="QIoVYJqRBi-2434608-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from NASA...

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Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard">NASA Goddard</a> describes Earth’s interconnected systems, and how this network is affected by rising temperatures.&nbsp;



During 2020, average global temperatures matched the hottest year on record. The hurricane season was also record-breaking, with many of the storms intensifying at extraordinary speeds. Hot water in the ocean is fuel for hurricanes. The satellite data shows that it's all one interconnected system showing how Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected.



According to NASA, dust swept up from Northern Africa plays a major role in the formation of hurricanes, and is also a key source of fertilization in the Amazon rainforest. As a result of<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/seagrass-wasting-disease-is-fueled-by-climate-change/"> climate</a> change, dust plumes are expected to decline, which will have an effect on vegetation far away.&nbsp;



Images from Earth-observing satellites show how the world’s plant life is affected by natural disasters, fires, and deforestation. Satellites also reveal how widespread changes in vegetation impact waterways,&nbsp; the climate, air quality. Satellites communicate by using radio waves to send signals to the antennas on the Earth. "Earth From Space" is a groundbreaking two-hour special that reveals a spectacular new space-based vision of our planet. 



Video Credit: NASA Goddard&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://welcome.miami.edu/">University of Miami</a> Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science explores how changes in water temperatures have affected tiger shark habitats and movements in the North Atlantic Ocean. The study reveals that rising temperatures have caused the sharks to shift toward the poles over the past 40 years.



“Tiger shark annual migrations have expanded poleward, paralleling rising water temperatures,” explained study lead author Neil Hammerschlag. “These results have consequences for tiger shark conservation, since shifts in their movements outside of marine protected areas may leave them more vulnerable to commercial fishing.”



The researchers analyzed nine years of tracking data from satellite-tagged tiger sharks, combined with four decades of conventional tag and recapture data provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Cooperative Shark Tagging Program.



The experts found that during the last decade of record heat, for every one-degree Celsius increase in water temperatures, tiger sharks migrated further poleward by over 400 kilometers. They also migrated two weeks earlier than usual to waters off the northeastern coast of the United States.



“Given their role as apex predators, these changes to tiger shark movements may alter predator-prey interactions, leading to ecological imbalances, and more frequent encounters with humans,” concluded Professor Hammerschlag.



Video Credit: University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Tiger sharks are shifting poleward as temperatures rise

Today’s Video of the Day from the University of Miami...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> is focused on the melt ponds that emerge during the spring and summer on the Greenland Ice Sheet, which is the largest ice mass in the northern hemisphere.



"Melt ponds are vast pools of open water that form on both sea ice and ice sheets and are visible as turquoise-blue pools of water in this Copernicus Sentinel-2 image," says ESA.



"When snow and ice melts atop glaciers, water flows in channels and streams and collects in depressions on the surface. These melt ponds can speed up the melting of the surrounding ice since they greatly reduce the ice’s ability to reflect sunlight."



"This can create a positive feedback where an increasing number of melt ponds absorb more heat which causes ice cover to melt even faster."



According to ESA, Greenland has been hit with a late-season heatwave that began in early September. This caused the type of melt event that usually occurs in the middle of summer.



"In a recent paper published in Nature Climate Change, scientists found that major sea-level rise from the melting of the Greenland ice cap is now ‘inevitable’ even if the burning of fossil fuels were to halt overnight," says ESA. "Using satellite observations of Greenland ice loss and ice cap from 2000 to 2019, the team found the losses will lead to a minimum rise of 27 cm regardless of climate change."



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Melt ponds on the Greenland Ice Sheet

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> describes a new map of Mars that is providing insight into the planet’s watery past. The map also reveals where future missions could safely land on Mars.&nbsp;



The map has been created over the last decade using observations of water-rich rocks and mineral deposits. The images were captured by ESA’s Mars Express and NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.



"A big surprise is the prevalence of these minerals, with the map revealing hundreds of thousands of water-affected locations in the oldest parts of the planet," says ESA. "The new data will help answer exciting questions about Mars’ climate history, whether water was globally persistent or confined to short, intense episodes, and whether the conditions were ever suitable for life."



"Specifically, the map shows the locations and abundances of aqueous minerals. These are from rocks that have been chemically altered by the action of water in the past, and have typically been transformed into clays and salts."



According to John Carter of the Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), our collective understanding of Mars has been oversimplified. He explained that planetary scientists have tended to think that only a few types of clay minerals on Mars were created during its wet period, then as the water gradually dried up, salts were produced across the planet.



The new map shows that the composition of Mars is much more complicated than what we thought. For example, while many salts formed after Martian clays, there are some salts that are presumed to be older than some of the clays.&nbsp;



“The evolution from lots of water to no water is not as clear cut as we thought, the water didn’t just stop overnight. We see a huge diversity of geological contexts, so that no one process or simple timeline can explain the evolution of the mineralogy of Mars. That’s the first result of our study. The second is that if you exclude life processes on Earth, Mars exhibits a diversity of mineralogy in geological settings just as Earth does,” said Carter.



Video Credit: ESA



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The history of Mars is much more complex than we thought

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.stowers.org/">Stowers Institute for Medical Research</a> describes how cavefish adapted to a sedentary lifestyle over tens of thousands of years. 



The experts found that the muscle metabolism of cavefish has been genetically reprogrammed over time. As a result, the animals have experienced major changes in their morphology and behavior. Despite these changes, however, the cavefish remain healthy and fit.



The research may provide new clues about the evolutionary consequences of prolonged physical inactivity in humans.&nbsp;



“It’s no surprise that people are moving less and less as technology has advanced,” said Rohner. “With cavefish, we have a unique system where we can study what might happen if people remained couch potatoes over very, very long periods of time.”



Video Credit: Stowers Institute for Medical Research



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Cavefish are healthy despite their sedentary lifestyle

[sendtonews key="vpljfR2VBX-2560867-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from the...

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Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> some of the most incredible waves in the world, as seen by Landsat satellites.



"With more than 370,000 miles of coastline on Earth, there are plenty of places where epic waves build up, curl over, and hurtle toward the shore.- much to the thrill of surfers," says NASA. "There are some places where these waves are so magnificent that they can be seen from space."



"With the broad perspective of satellites, we can see how these iconic waves develop into the world’s tallest, longest, fastest, and heaviest."



Video Credit: NASA Earth Observatory&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Satellites capture the world's biggest and fastest waves

[sendtonews key="MHyhtebibJ-2200368-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from NASA...

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