<p>In a lab in Genoa, Italy, volunteers teamed up with iCub, a child-sized humanoid robot, to slice a bar of soap using a steel wire. The task itself was simple. What surprised researchers was what happened afterward: the participants’ brains began treating iCub’s hand as if it were their own.</p>



<p>The study was led by experts at the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (<a href="https://www.iit.it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">IIT</a>) and <a href="https://www.brown.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Brown University</a>. The results suggests that collaboration with a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/scientists-attached-mushroom-mycelium-to-biohybrid-robot-body-amazing-results/">robot</a> does more than complete a task. It changes how our brains map the space around us.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-brain-maps-with-robots">Brain maps with robots</h2>



<p>Our brains keep a constantly updating map of the body that helps us move without thinking about each step.</p>



<p>Swinging a tennis racket or reaching for a glass of water feels natural because the brain treats the racket or the glass as part of the body for that moment. This map is flexible. It expands and reshapes when new tools or objects prove useful.</p>



<p>The team wanted to know if a humanoid <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/brainless-soft-robot-created-that-runs-and-swims-is-powered-solely-by-air/">robot</a> could fit into that same map. Could our brain adopt a robot hand the way it adopts a familiar tool? That was the puzzle.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-brain-s-detection-of-robot-hands">Brain's detection of robot hands</h2>



<p>The experiment built on what scientists call the near hand effect. When a hand is near an object, the brain pays more attention to it. It prepares to act. </p>



<p>Earlier studies showed that this effect can even extend to another person’s hand, but only after working together. The researchers asked if the same could happen with a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/robots-are-using-game-theory-keep-humans-safe/">robot</a>.</p>



<p>Giulia Scorza Azzarà, a PhD student at IIT and first author of the study, designed the test. Volunteers and iCub cut soap together using a steel wire. Afterward, they did the Posner cueing task, a reaction-time test where images flash on a screen.</p>



<p>The results were striking. People responded faster when images appeared near iCub’s hand. Their brains had started to treat the robot’s hand almost like their own.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-actively-collaborating-with-a-robot-hand">Actively collaborating with a robot hand</h2>



<p>This effect didn’t happen automatically. A control study showed that when the robot’s hand was simply placed near the screen, without any shared task, there was no change in attention. </p>



<p>Unlike a rubber fake hand, which can trick the brain through sight alone, a robot’s hand needed active collaboration to matter. </p>



<p>Attention is prioritized to the space near another’s hand (human or robot) only after the latter becomes relevant to accomplish a shared goal.</p>



<p>The way iCub moved changed how people responded. When the robot’s movements were wide, fluid, and well synchronized, the effect grew stronger. </p>



<p>Distance also mattered. If the robot’s hand came close to a person’s personal space, the brain was more likely to accept it into its map. Engagement and closeness turned out to be powerful ingredients.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-the-brain-sees-robots">How the brain sees robots</h2>



<p>The study also measured how people felt about their <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/aquatic-robot-inspired-by-flatworms-can-swim-in-harmony-with-nature/">robotic</a> partner. Questionnaires revealed that the more competent, likable, or animated iCub seemed, the stronger the effect became. </p>



<p>When participants thought of the robot as capable of feeling or acting intelligently, their brains gave more weight to its presence. The more human-like and competent the robot is perceived to be, the more impact its hand has after collaboration on human attentional prioritization.</p>



<p>What forms here is something called a joint body schema. During teamwork, our brains do not just map our own limbs. They also start to include a partner’s movements. </p>



<p>Athletes, dancers, and musicians rely on this unconscious merging all the time. The new study shows that robots can be part of it too.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-future-research-directions">Future research directions </h2>



<p>The researchers note that iCub’s behavior in the study was pre-programmed. It could not adapt in real time the way humans do. </p>



<p>Future robots will need to adjust their actions more flexibly, responding to the pace and style of their human partners. Adaptability could make the connection feel even more natural.</p>



<p>Future tests may also explore whether the same effect happens with non-humanoid objects, like a stick or another simple tool. That would show whether human-like design is essential, or whether collaboration itself is enough to reshape attention.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-power-of-working-with-robots">The power of working with robots</h2>



<p>The applications are clear. Robots that people can accept as extensions of themselves could transform rehabilitation and assistive care. </p>



<p>Patients recovering from injury may work with robots that help restore movement by literally feeling like part of their bodies. Virtual reality systems could integrate robotic partners that guide attention and enhance immersion.</p>



<p>This project is part of the ERC-funded wHiSPER initiative, coordinated by IIT’s CONTACT unit. It reveals a powerful idea: working with robots can change how we see ourselves. </p>



<p>Slicing soap may seem trivial, but the shift it triggered shows just how ready our brains are to make space for new partners - even mechanical ones.</p>



<p>The study is published in the journal <em><a href="https://www.cell.com/iscience/fulltext/S2589-0042(25)01052-1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">iScience</a>.</em></p>



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Why your brain might mistake a robot’s hand for your own

In a lab in Genoa, Italy, volunteers teamed up with iCub, a child-sized humanoid robot, to slice a bar of soap using a steel wire. The task itself was simple. What surprised researchers was what happened afterward: the participants’ brains began treating iCub’s hand as if it were their own. The study was led by experts at the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) and Brown University. The results suggests that collaboration with a robot does more than complete a task. It changes how our brains map the...

<p>Astronomers have been stumped by strange signals in the sky. These signals, called "fast radio bursts" (FRBs), are powerful <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/farthest-known-fast-radio-burst-traced-to-rare-cluster-of-galaxies/">bursts</a> of radio energy that last only milliseconds, but release as much energy as the sun does in several months. </p>



<p>However, the origins of FRBs remain a complete mystery. A team of scientists from <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NASA</a>, <a href="https://www.riken.jp/en/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">RIKEN</a>, and <a href="https://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Kyoto University</a> set out to solve the puzzle.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-focus-of-the-study-nbsp">Focus of the study&nbsp;</h2>



<p>In 2020, a star called SGR 1935+2154 emitted FRBs that lasted for a fraction of a second. This event, called FRB 200428, was picked up by multiple telescopes and instruments.</p>



<p>Intrigued, the researchers decided to focus on this star which is about 20,000 light-years away. This isn't just any star – it's a "magnetar," the leftover core of a giant star that exploded. It has a very strong magnetic field this is much stronger than anything we can make on Earth.</p>



<p>The scientists observed every aspect of this unique star. They tracked its spinning rate, analyzed the light it emitted, and even calculated its temperature.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-space-telescopes">Space telescopes</h2>



<p>The study was based on observations from two powerful telescopes called NICER (Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer) and NuSTAR (Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array).&nbsp;</p>



<p>NICER is generally used for observing X-rays with energies between 2,000 and 8,000 eV. This is like the kind of light you might see from a hot, glowing gas. In contrast, NuSTAR specializes in detecting much higher energy X-rays, reaching up to about 79,000 eV.</p>



<p>For SGR 1935+2154, scientists used NICER to get detailed information about the lower-energy X-rays and NuSTAR to look for high-energy X-rays coming from different areas. They studied the detailed pattern of these bursts (called "pulse profiles") and the different energies of the radiation (called "spectra").</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-magnetar-glitches">Magnetar glitches</h2>



<p>SGR 1935+2154 was observed to have two sudden changes or “glitches” in its spinning speed. It sped up briefly, then slowed down quickly. This is kind of like when a bicycle wheel gets a big push and then spins really fast for a moment before slowing down again.</p>



<p>FRBs occurred between these two glitches. Scientists believe that an external force or event outside the magnetar must have given it a big push to make it spin so fast. It's like the magnetic field itself might have experienced a disruption or distortion causing it to "snap back" and result in a sudden change in the magnetar's spin behavior.</p>



<p>"Typically, when glitches happen, it takes the magnetar weeks or months to get back to its normal speed,” said Chin-Ping Hu, an astrophysicist at National Changhua University of Education in Taiwan and the lead author of the study. “So clearly things are happening with these objects on much shorter time scales than we previously thought, and that might be related to how fast radio bursts are generated.”</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-powerful-dynamics">Powerful dynamics</h2>



<p>Right before a big burst of energy (FRB),&nbsp; the star let out a series of smaller bursts. This indicates a heightened state of activity. The magnetar’s appearance also seemed to change. Scientists took a close look at all the different emissions of light coming from the magnetar, both before and after the big burst.</p>



<p>They found clues that the specific area where the light was coming from changed quite often. The star’s temperature seemed to fluctuate as well. By studying its X-rays, scientists discovered that hot and cold spots kept appearing and disappearing constantly. These quick changes suggest powerful and dynamic events happening within the star.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-proposed-theories">Proposed theories</h2>



<p>Based on theoretical models, scientists propose several theories. One of them is the presence of special fluids (superfluids) within the star that interact with its outer shell in a way that influences its rotation speed and causes the "glitches."&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>



<p>Additionally, the experts believe strong external winds impacting the magnetar from outside could affect these internal fluids, further influencing its rotation.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-study-significance-nbsp">Study significance&nbsp;</h2>



<p>Peeking into magnetars and FRBs helps us understand the wildest corners of space. This knowledge benefits everyone, from revealing how stars live and die to understanding super-strong magnetic fields and matter behaving in ways we can't recreate on Earth.</p>



<p>Magnetars act as extreme physics labs, letting us test our understanding of the universe's basic rules under extreme conditions. This could lead to groundbreaking discoveries in fundamental physics, changing our view of the universe's building blocks.</p>



<p>The mystery and vastness of space, with objects like magnetars and FRBs, ignite imaginations and inspire future scientists, engineers, and educators.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The research is published in the journal <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-07012-5.epdf?sharing_token=9W_LT-7rMQbIRfVHw_S46dRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0PjTRxqymqpLrv6FQFmKFOCkgxV2_1pH1D64DK81tDdRnFrUmfft4AZ8Iw-5-B6Qnp3IjPm9fP1EKGXXeL4BVCt_7mDF_AaC5tbNAex_zgsENzKV4NYd84PISYwshXnlQA%3D">Nature</a>.</p>



<p>Image Credit: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory&nbsp;</p>



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Glitching star explains cosmic radio bursts

Astronomers have been stumped by strange signals in the sky....

<p>Cold-water corals are found in the depths of the world's oceans, hundreds of meters below the surface. These corals are far removed from the sunlit environments that nurture vibrant tropical reefs.</p>



<p>A new study from the <a href="https://www.rug.nl/?lang=en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Groningen</a> reveals the extraordinary lengths to which cold-water <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/some-corals-survive-warming-waters-by-remembering-heat-waves/">corals</a> go to survive and flourish, even as they face the looming threat of climate change.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-shadowy-realms-nbsp">Shadowy realms&nbsp;</h2>



<p>Unlike their tropical counterparts, cold-water corals do not bask in sunlight nor engage in a symbiotic relationship with algae for their brilliant hues. Instead, they reside in the shadowy realms off coasts like Ireland's, creating their own spectacular ecosystems vital to the ocean's health.&nbsp;</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-underwater-mountains-nbsp">Underwater mountains&nbsp;</h2>



<p>The new <a href="https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/patterns-in-the-deep-sea-on-the-interaction-between-cold-water-co">study</a>, led by theoretical ecologist Anna van der Kaaden, highlights a peculiar behavior of these corals. In their quest for sustenance, they build vast underwater mountains, elevating themselves to capture more food carried by ocean currents.&nbsp;</p>



<p>These structures, formed over millennia, can surpass the height of the Eiffel Tower, showcasing the corals as "ecosystem engineers" who modify their environment to their advantage.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-potential-trap">A potential trap</h2>



<p>The irony of these monumental efforts is the potential trap they create for themselves. As Van der Kaaden points out, the very mountains that offer them abundant food and life might become their prisons. With the onset of climate change, warmer waters could compel the corals to seek cooler, deeper havens.</p>



<p>“When the water gets warmer, these creatures prefer to be deeper, but a coral doesn’t just walk down the mountain,” said Van der Kaaden.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-focus-of-the-study-nbsp">Focus of the study&nbsp;</h2>



<p>Van der Kaaden conducted research on real reefs and using computational models. “In both cases, I tried to discover the spatial patterns in which the corals grow. With the Australian Great Barrier Reef, for example, this is very simple: you can even see their growth patterns from space." </p>



<p>Van der Kaaden's exploration into the darkness wasn't straightforward. She ventured into what she describes as a dark maze. </p>



<p>"With cold-water corals, you have to recognize these patterns while walking around in a pitch-dark maze, so to speak, with only a small flashlight. And yet, using statistical techniques and video stills, we did manage to get an overall picture."&nbsp;</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ingenious-adaptation-nbsp">Ingenious adaptation&nbsp;</h2>



<p>The findings not only shed light on the regular patterns of reefs, ridges, and mountains formed by these corals but also on their ingenious adaptation to manipulate water currents for food.</p>



<p>"Over hundreds of thousands of years, the coral reefs form mountains that can grow higher than the Eiffel Tower. So, the corals get higher in the ocean, where there is more food, and those mountains also create water currents that transport the food to the mountain."</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cold-blooded-animals">Cold-blooded animals</h2>



<p>The expectation is that if the water becomes too warm due to climate change, the corals will want to grow lower and colder.&nbsp;</p>



<p>"A cold-blooded animal like a coral uses up too much energy in warmer water. But a coral is an animal that is attached to the bottom, so it can't just move down the mountain," said Van der Kaaden.</p>



<p>"It disperses through larvae, but for new corals, the food conditions on the flanks of a coral mountain are worse because of the specific flow patterns."</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-broader-implications-nbsp">Broader implications&nbsp;</h2>



<p>Despite the potential challenges posed by climate change, Van der Kaaden remains cautiously optimistic about the future of cold-water corals.</p>



<p>"Maybe these organisms are more resilient than we think, and if not, they might build new mountains or reefs in other places. But with this research, I do want to show that an organism's response to climate change is not always easy to predict."</p>



<p>"There are many complex processes that create unexpected obstacles or opportunities. We, as a society must take that into account when preparing for the effects of climate change."</p>



<p>Image Credit: NOAA Fisheries</p>



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Cold-water corals build mountains to battle climate change 

Cold-water corals are found in the depths of the world's...

<p>Amid the challenges posed by the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/hidden-death-toll-of-covid-19-pandemic-revealed/">COVID-19</a> pandemic, a study led by <a href="https://www.brighamandwomens.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Brigham and Women's Hospital</a> (BWH) sheds new light on the potential protective effects of maintaining an active lifestyle. </p>



<p>The comprehensive study reveals that individuals adhering to exercise guidelines recommended by the U.S. and <a href="https://www.who.int/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">World Health Organization</a> prior to the pandemic's onset exhibited significantly reduced risks of contracting COVID-19 and necessitating hospitalization due to the virus. </p>



<p>Notably, these adults experienced 10 percent lower odds of infection and 27 percent lower odds of hospitalization compared to their less active peers, as detailed in an article published in the journal <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55808" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>JAMA Network Open</em></a>.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-unique-opportunity-nbsp">Unique opportunity&nbsp;</h2>



<p>"The COVID-19 pandemic provided a very unique opportunity to look at a potential benefit of physical activity from data that was collected before it began,” said lead author Dennis Muñoz Vergara, an instructor at the Osher Center for Integrative Medicine and the Division of Preventive Medicine at BWH.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The research utilized data from 61,557 adults, averaging an age of 76, who participated in three ongoing clinical trial cohorts - COSMOS, VITAL, and WHS. These participants had previously documented their exercise habits, which ranged from biking and walking to more vigorous activities like running and climbing stairs.&nbsp;</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-findings">Key findings</h2>



<p>From May 2020 through May 2022, the study revealed that those who were sufficiently active according to established guidelines saw a significant reduction in both COVID-19 infection rates and hospitalization rates due to the virus. Intriguingly, the protective effects of physical activity appeared to be more pronounced in females.</p>



<p>Despite its insights, the study acknowledges limitations, such as its observational nature and reliance on self-reported data, which may not fully capture health behavior changes during the pandemic. The researchers emphasize the need for further investigation to extend these findings across diverse demographic groups.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-broader-implications-nbsp">Broader implications&nbsp;</h2>



<p>Looking ahead, the team aims to explore the link between pre-pandemic physical activity and other health dimensions, including mental well-being and social connectedness.</p>



<p>"This large, unique study in older adults as they navigated the onset of the pandemic provides important support for physical activity in preventing COVID-19 infection and hospitalization that may extend more broadly to enhanced immune function and lessening vulnerability to infections," explained senior author Howard D. Sesso, an associate epidemiologist at the Division of Preventive Medicine and Osher Center at BWH.</p>



<p>Through the lens of this research, the vital role of regular physical activity in fortifying individuals against COVID-19 and potentially other infectious diseases is brought into sharp focus, advocating for exercise as a cornerstone of public health strategy amidst and beyond the pandemic.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-more-about-covid-19">More about COVID-19</h2>



<p>COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. This highly contagious virus spreads primarily through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. It can also spread by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching the face.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-infection">Infection</h3>



<p>The infection ranges from mild to severe respiratory illness. Symptoms often include fever, cough, and shortness of breath, and they may appear 2-14 days after exposure.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Some individuals, particularly the elderly and those with underlying health conditions, are at a higher risk of developing severe complications, such as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, organ failure, and death.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-transmission">Transmission</h3>



<p>COVID-19 can also be asymptomatic in some people, meaning they do not show symptoms but can still spread the virus. This has made controlling the spread more challenging. Measures to reduce transmission have included lockdowns, social distancing, mask-wearing, and hand hygiene.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-vaccines">Vaccines</h3>



<p>Vaccines have been developed and distributed worldwide, significantly reducing the severity of illness, hospitalizations, and deaths. However, the virus has mutated over time, leading to new variants that sometimes show resistance to existing vaccines or increased transmissibility.</p>



<p>The pandemic has had profound impacts on global health, economies, and daily life, leading to an increased focus on public health infrastructure, vaccine development, and international cooperation to manage current and future pandemics.</p>



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Physical activity lowers the risk of COVID-19 infection

Amid the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, a study...

Greek,Salad,On,Table,In,Greek,Tavern,With,Blue,Sea

<p>Adhering to a Mediterranean diet could sharpen mental acuity in older age, potentially offsetting dementia symptoms, suggests a new study led by researchers at <a href="https://www.rushu.rush.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Rush University</a> in Chicago. </p>



<p>The investigation revealed that individuals maintaining a Mediterranean diet regimen exhibited superior cognitive function performance, irrespective of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/diet-plays-a-major-role-in-preventing-alzheimers-disease/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Alzheimer's disease</a> markers observed post-mortem.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The study highlights additional lifestyle factors -- non-smoking, minimal alcohol consumption, and regular exercise -- as contributory to cognitive health.&nbsp;</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-advantages-nbsp-of-the-mediterranean-diet">Key advantages&nbsp;of the Mediterranean diet</h2>



<p>The Mediterranean diet's efficacy against cognitive decline is attributed to its <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/food-for-the-aging-brain-mediterranean-diet-protects-cognitive-health/">balanced nature</a>, promoting satiety and reducing the inclination towards unhealthy snacking. </p>



<p>This dietary pattern promotes a healthy weight, mitigating obesity-linked vascular issues detrimental to brain functionality. The diet's high fruit and vegetable content, rich in antioxidants, further supports its neuroprotective benefits.</p>



<p>Data from the <a href="https://www.rushu.rush.edu/research/departmental-research/rush-alzheimers-disease-center/rush-alzheimers-disease-center-research/epidemologic-research/memory-and-aging-project" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Rush Memory and Aging Project</a>, encompassing autopsy data from 1997 to 2022 and a follow-up period of up to 24 years, served as the basis for this research. The analysis involved 586 deceased individuals, averaging 91 years at death.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Participants were assigned a healthy lifestyle score based on smoking status, weekly exercise (minimum of two and a half hours), alcohol intake, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and cognitive activity levels. </p>



<p>This scoring, ranging from one to five, correlated directly with cognitive functioning prior to death, assessed annually through 19 tests.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-optimal-nutritional-approach-nbsp">Optimal nutritional approach&nbsp;</h2>



<p>Posthumous brain examinations for Alzheimer's markers - amyloid beta and tau tangles - revealed that a healthy lifestyle potentially mitigates cognitive decline despite the presence of the disease's physical indicators.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Published in <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2814688" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>JAMA Neurology</em></a>, this study positions the Mediterranean diet as an optimal nutritional approach. </p>



<p>A collection of research validates the diet's role in prolonging life expectancy and enhancing quality of life, underscoring the importance of dietary choices in managing dementia risk, including Alzheimer's and Lewy body dementia, which collectively impact millions.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-additional-mediterranean-diet-health-benefits">Additional Mediterranean diet health benefits</h2>



<p>As discussed above, the Mediterranean diet is widely recognized for its numerous health benefits, primarily due to its emphasis on whole foods, plant-based ingredients, and healthy fats.&nbsp;</p>



<p>This diet pattern, inspired by the traditional eating habits of countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea, focuses on the consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, herbs, and spices. <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/olive-oil-can-boost-brain-health-and-fight-off-alzheimers-disease/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Olive oil</a>, a primary source of fat in the diet, is celebrated for its heart-healthy monounsaturated fats.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-mediterranean-diet-and-heart-health">Mediterranean diet and heart health</h3>



<p>One of the most notable benefits of the Mediterranean diet is its positive impact on heart health. </p>



<p>Research has consistently shown that adhering to this diet can lead to lower risks of cardiovascular disease, including heart attacks and strokes. </p>



<p>This is partly because the diet helps in managing <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/if-you-want-to-lower-your-blood-pressure-simply-eat-less-salt/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">blood pressure</a>, cholesterol levels, and inflammation, all of which are risk factors for heart disease.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-weight-management-nbsp">Weight management&nbsp;</h3>



<p>The Mediterranean diet also plays a significant role in weight management and diabetes prevention and control. </p>



<p>Its high fiber content, from whole grains and legumes, helps in feeling full longer, thus potentially aiding in weight loss or maintenance. </p>



<p>Furthermore, the diet’s balance of healthy fats and carbohydrates can improve insulin sensitivity, reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cancer-risk-and-mental-health">Cancer risk and mental health</h3>



<p>Beyond these benefits, the diet has been associated with a lower risk of certain cancers, such as breast and colorectal cancer, thanks to its high intake of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/strawberry-consumption-may-lower-the-risk-of-dementia/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">antioxidants</a> and anti-inflammatory compounds found in fruits, vegetables, and olive oil.</p>



<p>Mental health can also benefit from following a Mediterranean diet. Some studies suggest that it may help reduce the risk of depression and anxiety, although more research is needed to fully understand these connections.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-link-between-diet-and-cognitive-decline">The link between diet and cognitive decline</h2>



<p>As discussed previously, cognitive decline, the gradual loss of brain functions like memory and thinking skills, is a concern for many, especially as they age. </p>



<p>Research increasingly suggests that diet plays a pivotal role in influencing the risk and progression of cognitive decline, including conditions like Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia. </p>



<p>Here's a closer look at how diet impacts cognitive health and strategies for dietary choices that may help mitigate the risk of cognitive decline.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-diet-and-cognitive-health">Diet and cognitive health</h3>



<p>Diet affects cognitive health through various mechanisms, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and the health of blood vessels. </p>



<p>Foods high in antioxidants, for example, can combat oxidative stress, a process that damages cells, including those in the brain. </p>



<p>Additionally, diets that promote good cardiovascular health can also support brain health, as they ensure a steady, healthy blood flow, delivering oxygen and nutrients to brain cells.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-foods-to-embrace-for-cognitive-health">Foods to embrace for cognitive health</h3>



<p><strong>Leafy Greens and Vegetables</strong>: Vegetables, especially leafy greens like spinach, kale, and broccoli, are rich in nutrients such as beta carotene, vitamin K, and folate that have been linked to cognitive health.</p>



<p><strong>Berries</strong>: Berries are high in antioxidants, particularly flavonoids, which may delay brain aging and enhance memory and learning.</p>



<p><strong>Omega-3 Fatty Acids</strong>: Found in fatty fish like salmon, trout, and sardines, omega-3 fatty acids are essential for brain health, contributing to the maintenance of brain cell structure and function.</p>



<p><strong>Nuts and Seeds</strong>: These are excellent sources of antioxidant vitamin E, which has been associated with less cognitive decline as people age.</p>



<p><strong>Whole Grains</strong>: Consuming whole grains promotes cardiovascular health, which is closely linked to cognitive health due to the brain's reliance on blood flow.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-foods-to-limit-or-avoid">Foods to limit or avoid</h3>



<p><strong>Saturated and Trans Fats</strong>: Found in red meat, butter, cheese, and processed foods, these fats can contribute to the deterioration of cognitive health by promoting heart disease and inflammation.</p>



<p><strong>Refined Sugars</strong>: High intake of refined sugars can lead to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, all of which are risk factors for cognitive decline.</p>



<p><strong>Processed and High-Sodium Foods</strong>: These can negatively affect cardiovascular health, thereby impacting brain health.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-mediterranean-and-mind-diets">The Mediterranean and MIND diets</h3>



<p>Dietary patterns that emphasize these brain-healthy foods are associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline. </p>



<p>The Mediterranean diet, as discussed above, is rich in fruits, vegetables, fish, and olive oil. The MIND diet combines the Mediterranean diet with the DASH diet to specifically target brain health. Both have been shown to reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia.</p>



<p>In summary, while genetics and other lifestyle factors like exercise and not smoking also play significant roles in cognitive health, diet is a crucial, modifiable factor. </p>



<p>Incorporating brain-healthy foods into your diet and reducing the intake of harmful foods can contribute to better cognitive health and potentially reduce the risk of cognitive decline. </p>



<p>Always consult with a healthcare provider before making significant changes to your diet, especially if you have underlying health conditions.</p>



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Mediterranean diet keeps the brain sharp, regardless of your age

Adhering to a Mediterranean diet could sharpen mental acuity in...

Genetic,Engineering,,Gmo,And,Gene,Manipulation,Concept.,Hand,Is,Inserting

<p>In the realm of scientific innovation, the past decade has seen the CRISPR/Cas systems emerge as a groundbreaking tool in <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthpedia-articles/gene-editing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">genome editing</a>, boasting applications that span from enhancing crop yields to pioneering gene therapy. </p>



<p>The recent advent of CRISPR-COPIES by the Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (<a href="https://cabbi.bio/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">CABBI</a>) marks a significant leap forward, refining CRISPR's flexibility and user-friendliness.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-beyond-editing-game-changing-crispr-copies-tool">Beyond editing: Game-changing CRISPR-COPIES tool</h2>



<p>CRISPR-COPIES represents a cutting-edge solution designed to swiftly pinpoint ideal chromosomal sites for <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/revolutionary-gene-therapy-shows-promise-in-treating-autism/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">genetic modification</a> across any species. </p>



<p>"It will accelerate our work in the metabolic engineering of non-model yeasts for cost-effective production of chemicals and biofuels," explains Huimin Zhao, a prominent figure at CABBI and the <a href="https://illinois.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Illinois</a>.</p>



<p>The essence of gene editing lies in its ability to precisely alter genetic codes, enabling the introduction of novel traits such as pest resistance or enhanced biochemical production. </p>



<p>While CRISPR/Cas systems have facilitated targeted genetic modifications, the challenge of identifying optimal genomic integration sites persisted as a significant bottleneck, often involving cumbersome manual screening and testing processes.</p>



<p>Enter CRISPR-COPIES, the Computational Pipeline for the Identification of CRISPR/Cas-facilitated Integration Sites. </p>



<p>This innovation transforms genome-wide neutral integration site identification into a rapid, efficient process, taking mere minutes to accomplish what once was a daunting task. </p>



<p>“Finding the integration site in the genome manually is like searching for a needle in a haystack,” said Aashutosh Boob, a ChBE Ph.D. student at the University of Illinois and primary author of the study. </p>



<p>“However, with CRISPR-COPIES, we transform the haystack into a searchable space, empowering researchers to efficiently locate all the needles that align with their specific criteria.”</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-from-theory-to-practice-crispr-copies-in-action">From theory to practice: CRISPR-COPIES in action</h2>



<p>The versatility and efficiency of CRISPR-COPIES were showcased in a study published in Nucleic Acids Research, demonstrating its application across various species to enhance the production of valuable biochemicals. </p>



<p>Moreover, the creation of a user-friendly web interface makes this tool accessible to researchers with limited bioinformatics background, democratizing the advanced capabilities of CRISPR/Cas systems.</p>



<p>A primary goal of CABBI is to harness non-model yeasts for the sustainable production of chemicals and fuels from plant biomass. </p>



<p>Traditional <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/gene-editing-technology-used-to-produce-disease-resistant-calf/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">genome-editing</a> techniques, hindered by their labor-intensive nature and the scarcity of genetic tools, posed significant challenges to this endeavor. </p>



<p>CRISPR-COPIES addresses these issues by offering a streamlined approach for the rapid identification of stable integration sites, thereby facilitating the engineering of strains for enhanced biochemical yields and crop traits.</p>



<p>This innovative software is poised to significantly accelerate the strain construction process, offering a boon to researchers worldwide in both academic and industrial settings. </p>



<p>By simplifying <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/scientists-have-created-a-transparent-squid-allowing-them-to-see-inside-while-its-still-alive/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">genetic engineering</a> tasks, CRISPR-COPIES not only saves time and resources but also opens new avenues for the development of transgenic crops and the efficient conversion of biomass to valuable chemicals.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-next-frontier-in-genome-editing">The next frontier in genome editing</h2>



<p>In summary, CRISPR-COPIES stands as a monumental advancement in the field of genetic engineering, offering researchers a powerful and accessible tool for precision genome editing. </p>



<p>By streamlining the identification of optimal genetic integration sites, it accelerates the pace of scientific discovery and innovation while advancing new possibilities to address some of the most pressing challenges in agriculture, biofuel production, and gene therapy. </p>



<p>As this technology continues to evolve and become more integrated into various fields of research, CRISPR-COPIES promises to drive forward the boundaries of what's possible.</p>



<p>This new technology gives the world with a significant leap towards a future where genetic engineering can be conducted more efficiently, accurately, and with greater impact than ever before.</p>



<p>The full study was published in the journal <em><a href="https://apps.crossref.org/pendingpub/pendingpub.html?doi=10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkae062" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nucleic Acids Research</a></em>.</p>



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CRISPR gene editing tool gets a revolutionary high-tech upgrade

In the realm of scientific innovation, the past decade has...

<p>The Amazon rainforest, often referred to as the lungs of our planet, is edging closer to a critical tipping point that could trigger a widespread ecological collapse with far-reaching implications for the global climate system.</p>



<p>This dire warning comes from an international team of researchers, including experts from the <a href="https://www.pik-potsdam.de/en/home" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research</a> (PIK). </p>



<p>The study reveals a harrowing scenario in which up to 47 percent of the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/the-amazon-is-drying-out-with-far-reaching-consequences/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Amazonian</a> forest could be lost, underscoring the urgent need for global and local action.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-multiple-stressors-on-the-amazon-rainforest">Multiple stressors on the Amazon rainforest</h2>



<p>“The Southeastern Amazon has already shifted from a carbon sink to a source - meaning that the current amount of human pressure is too high for the region to maintain its status as a rainforest over the long term," said study co-author Boris Sakschewski.</p>



<p>"But the problem doesn't stop there. Since rainforests enrich the air with a lot of moisture which forms the basis of precipitation in the west and south of the continent, losing forest in one place can lead to losing forest in another in a self-propelling feedback loop or simply ‘tipping.’”</p>



<p>The researchers pinpointed the multifaceted stressors weakening the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/climate-warming-amazon-deforestation-has-far-reaching-impacts/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Amazon's resilience</a>, including increased temperatures, droughts, deforestation, and fires. </p>



<p>By 2050, these disturbances are expected to threaten up to 47 percent of Amazonian forests, edging them closer to a tipping point beyond which recovery might be impossible.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The researchers identified five critical drivers of this tipping point: global warming, annual rainfall amounts, rainfall seasonality intensity, dry season length, and accumulated deforestation.&nbsp;</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-far-reaching-impact-of-the-amazon-rainforest">Far-reaching impact of the Amazon rainforest</h2>



<p>The experts propose safe boundaries for these drivers to prevent crossing the tipping point, such as maintaining mean annual rainfall above 1000 mm to ensure the rainforest's existence.</p>



<p>“We found for example that for mean annual rainfall below 1,000 mm per year, the Amazon rainforest cannot exist. However, below 1,800 mm per year, abrupt transitions from rainforest to a Savanna-like vegetation become possible. This can be triggered by individual droughts or forest fires, which both have become more frequent and more severe in recent years," explained study co-author Da Nian.</p>



<p>The study also highlights the broader impacts of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/brazilian-amazon-crisis-deforestation-is-escalating-in-indigenous-territories/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Amazon forest loss</a> on global warming and regional precipitation patterns. The flows of atmospheric moisture from the Amazon, known as "flying rivers," are essential for the South American Monsoon system and, by extension, rainfall across the continent. </p>



<p>Furthermore, the carbon stored in the Amazon, equivalent to 15-20 years of current human CO2 emissions, underscores the global stakes of preserving this rainforest.</p>



<p>Study lead author Bernardo Flores raised concerns about the compounding disturbances within the Amazon's core.&nbsp;</p>



<p>“Compounding disturbances are increasingly common within the core of the Amazon," said Flores. "If these disturbances act in synergy, we may observe unexpected ecosystem transitions in areas previously considered as resilient, such as the moist forests of the western and central Amazon.”&nbsp;</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-self-reinforced-forest-loss">Self-reinforced forest loss</h2>



<p>The researchers investigated the consequences of disturbed forests across the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/amazons-rainforests-are-at-risk-of-transforming-into-dry-grassy-savannas/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Amazon</a>, noting that some areas might recover but remain in a degraded state, while others may transition to an open-canopy, flammable state, exacerbating the spread of fires. </p>



<p>“We have evidence showing that rising temperatures, extreme droughts and fires can affect how the forest functions and change which tree species can integrate the forest system," said study co-author Dr. Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert.</p>



<p>"With the acceleration of global change there’s an increasing likelihood that we will see positive feedback loops in which, rather than being able to repair itself, the forest loss becomes self-reinforced.”&nbsp;</p>



<p>The study is published in the journal <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06970-0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Nature</em></a>.</p>



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The Amazon rainforest is approaching widespread collapse 

The Amazon rainforest, often referred to as the lungs of...

<p>Scientists from <a href="https://tulane.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tulane University</a> have unveiled findings that could significantly alter our understanding of the future impact of climate change on coastal wetlands. </p>



<p>This research, described as a "time travel" study, provides a glimpse into the potential future of coastal marshes under the threat of rising sea levels.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-unexpected-opportunity-nbsp">Unexpected opportunity&nbsp;</h2>



<p>Traditionally, the scientific community has relied on computer models to forecast the long-term effects of climate change, particularly sea-level rise. However, an unexpected opportunity arose along the Gulf Coast, following the devastation caused by hurricanes Katrina and Rita.&nbsp;</p>



<p>In response to these natural disasters, an extensive network of nearly 400 monitoring sites was established along the Louisiana coast. This network was primarily intended to monitor the recovery and changes in the coastal landscape post-hurricanes.&nbsp;</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-extreme-sea-level-rise-nbsp">Extreme sea-level rise&nbsp;</h2>



<p>After the monitoring network was established, the Gulf Coast region experienced a dramatic increase in the rate of sea-level rise, exceeding more than 10 millimeters (half an inch) per year. This is at least three times the global average.&nbsp;</p>



<p>This accelerated rate of sea-level rise subjected the area to conditions not expected until around 2070, providing a unique, real-world laboratory for scientists to study the potential impacts of future climate change on coastal wetlands.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-looking-into-the-future">Looking into the future</h2>



<p>“It is the dream of every field researcher who does experiments – we can basically travel 50 years into the future to get a peek at what’s in store,” said Torbjörn Törnqvist, a professor in the Tulane Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences.</p>



<p>The researchers utilized innovative techniques developed by European scientists, which allowed for the measurement of sea-level rise directly off the coast using satellite data. This approach was previously unavailable, marking a significant advancement in the study of climate impacts.&nbsp;</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-unprecedented-climate-impact-experiment-nbsp">Unprecedented climate impact experiment&nbsp;</h2>



<p>By comparing the rate of water-level rise at each monitoring site with the rate of wetland elevation change, the researchers discovered that almost 90% of the sites were experiencing a deficit, indicating that the wetlands were not keeping pace with the rising sea levels.</p>



<p>“To our knowledge, this is the first time that a climate impact experiment has been carried out over a region this large, based on hundreds of monitoring stations that have collected data for about 15 years,” said&nbsp; PhD candidate Guandong Li, who led the study. “This has also allowed us to study the climate impact on a heavily human-influenced landscape, rather than a more resilient pristine ecosystem.”</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-alarming-results">Alarming results</h2>



<p>The results show that if the current climate scenario persists, by 2070, approximately 75% of wetland sites will be in deficit, potentially leading to a rate of wetland loss much higher than what has been observed over the past century.&nbsp;</p>



<p>This prediction underscores the urgency of addressing climate change to mitigate its impacts on coastal ecosystems.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-glimmer-of-hope-nbsp">Glimmer of hope&nbsp;</h2>



<p>The researchers also offer a glimmer of hope, suggesting that immediate action to meet the targets set by the Paris Agreement and reduce carbon emissions could lead to a more sustainable climate trajectory.&nbsp;</p>



<p>This proactive approach could significantly reduce the rate of wetland loss, preserving these critical ecosystems for future generations.</p>



<p>The study is published in the journal <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.17882/74354" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Nature Communications</em></a>.</p>



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'Time travel' study reveals the fate of coastal marshes 

Scientists from Tulane University have unveiled findings that could significantly...

<p>Climate change is a major threat, but what do people around the world actually think about taking action? Do most people want to fight climate change or leave it to future generations?</p>



<p>To understand the global perspectives on the fight against climate change, researchers from the <a href="https://www.uni-bonn.de/en/university/university">University of Bonn</a>, <a href="https://safe-frankfurt.de/">Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE</a>, and <a href="https://www.ku.dk/english/">University of Copenhagen</a> carried out an intriguing survey.</p>



<p>The experts interviewed nearly 130,000 people from 125 countries to understand their perception. The results shed surprising light on global attitudes.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-global-willingness-to-fight-climate-change">Global willingness to fight climate change</h2>



<p>The survey revealed a strong global agreement on the need for urgent action to fight climate change.</p>



<p>A vast majority would dedicate 1% of their income to tackling climate change, with most overwhelmingly backing green policies (86%) and demanding bolder leadership (89%).</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-perception-gap-nbsp">Perception gap&nbsp;</h2>



<p>A surprising yet encouraging finding of the survey is the "perception gap": people around the world underestimate how much others care about fighting climate change. This misperception, known as pluralistic ignorance, can create a sense of isolation and discouragement among individuals who do care.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The perception gap, quantified at 26 percentage points, reveals a discrepancy: while 69% of people surveyed said they'd give 1% of their income to help fight climate change, they thought on average that only 43% of others would do the same.</p>



<p>Researchers warn that this misjudging the extent to which others are willing to act on an issue can significantly stifle individual motivation to participate. This creates a vicious cycle where inaction breeds more inaction.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-clear-discrepancies">Clear discrepancies</h2>



<p>Furthermore, citizens in countries more vulnerable to climate change are more likely to fight it. Specifically, the study found that people in richer countries (measured by their average income) are less likely to want to donate money to fight climate change.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Citizens of wealthy nations are less willing to give even 1% of their income compared to people in poorer countries. This might be because they worry about the cost of fixing the problem or changing their present lifestyle.</p>



<p>On the other hand, people in countries with hotter weather, which might already be suffering from <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/earth-endured-rapid-global-warming-300-million-years-ago/">global warming</a>, are more likely to want to help. This suggests that when people experience the negative effects of climate change firsthand, they're more willing to fix and adapt to it.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-knowing-doing-gap-nbsp">Knowing-doing gap&nbsp;</h2>



<p>Overall, most people from the survey agreed we need to tackle climate change, but many worry others won't act. Researchers propose a straightforward solution to bridge this "knowing-doing gap": open and honest communication.</p>



<p>Openly sharing the high level of global willingness to contribute to climate action could be a powerful motivator, driving individual and community action forward. This could also help get rid of common myths and misunderstanding related to climate change.</p>



<p>Understanding the shared concern for the planet can unlock a surge of collective action, where cooperative behaviors ripple outwards across communities and society.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-you-can-do-to-fight-climate-change">What YOU can do to fight climate change</h2>



<p>As discussed above, climate change poses a significant threat to our planet, impacting weather patterns, ecosystems, and human livelihoods. </p>



<p>However, every individual has the power to make a difference. Here's how ordinary people around the world, like you and me, can contribute to the fight against climate change through simple, actionable steps.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-reduce-reuse-recycle">Reduce, reuse, recycle</h3>



<p>Reduce your consumption of goods. Before purchasing, consider if it's necessary or if you can do without it. Reducing waste not only saves resources but also decreases the energy spent on production and disposal.</p>



<p>Reuse items whenever possible. Opt for reusable bags, bottles, and containers, reducing the demand for single-use plastics and products. Reusing extends the life of products, minimizing waste.</p>



<p><a href="https://www.earth.com/news/infinitely-recyclable-plastics-may-soon-become-a-reality/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Recycle materials</a> like paper, glass, and plastic. Recycling helps to reduce the need for raw materials, saving energy and preventing greenhouse gas emissions from extraction and processing.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-embrace-sustainable-transportation">Embrace sustainable transportation</h3>



<p>Walk or <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/cycling-could-dramatically-cut-carbon-emissions/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">bike</a> for short distances to cut down on greenhouse gas emissions. This not only benefits the environment but also improves your health.</p>



<p>Use public transportation when possible. Trains, buses, and trams are more energy-efficient per passenger than individual cars.</p>



<p>Carpool to reduce the number of vehicles on the road. Sharing rides can significantly decrease the carbon footprint of your commute.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-conserve-energy-to-fight-climate-change">Conserve energy to fight climate change</h3>



<p>Switch to <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/biden-moves-to-phase-out-energy-inefficient-light-bulbs/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">LED bulbs</a> which use up to 80% less energy than traditional bulbs and last longer, reducing both energy consumption and waste.</p>



<p>Unplug electronics when not in use. Many devices consume energy even when turned off but still plugged in, known as "phantom loads."</p>



<p>Improve home insulation to keep your home warmer in winter and cooler in summer, reducing the need for heating and air conditioning.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-support-renewable-energy">Support renewable energy</h3>



<p>Choose renewable energy sources if available in your area. Opting for electricity from wind, solar, or hydro sources reduces reliance on fossil fuels.</p>



<p>Invest in solar panels for your home if possible. <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/solar-power-has-won-the-prize-to-become-earths-main-source-of-energy/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Solar energy</a> can significantly reduce your electricity bills and carbon footprint.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-advocate-for-change">Advocate for change</h3>



<p>Support environmental policies by voting for leaders and initiatives that prioritize climate action. Public policy can drive large-scale environmental and economic shifts towards sustainability.</p>



<p>Educate others about the importance of fighting climate change. Sharing knowledge can inspire more individuals to take action.</p>



<p>Support organizations working towards environmental conservation and climate change mitigation. Donations, volunteering, or even spreading the word can amplify their impact.</p>



<p>In summary, the fight against climate change requires collective action from everyone. By adopting sustainable practices in our daily lives, advocating for positive change, and supporting renewable energy, ordinary people can make an extraordinary impact. Together, we can protect our planet for future generations.</p>



<p>The study is published in the journal <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-01925-3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Nature Climate Change</em>.</a></p>



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People want to fight climate change more than you think

Climate change is a major threat, but what do people...

<p>This <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/new-dinosaur-heart-shaped-tail/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Valentine's Day</a>, the night sky will host a celestial event that <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NASA</a> has charmingly dubbed a "cosmic kiss," with the moon and Jupiter set to rendezvous in the southwestern skies approximately an hour after sunset. </p>



<p>This astronomical pairing, described by NASA as a "cute couple," will be a sight to behold. The crescent moon and the gas giant will appear to be mere finger widths apart, despite the staggering distance of about 227 million miles separating them.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-romantic-conjunction-nbsp">Romantic conjunction&nbsp;</h2>



<p>The conjunction of these two celestial bodies is an event that can be enjoyed with the naked eye, and those with binoculars will have the treat of seeing both the moon and Jupiter within the same field of view.&nbsp;</p>



<p>While such conjunctions are not uncommon, the coincidence of this event occurring on Valentine's Day adds a layer of uniqueness and romance to the evening sky.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-healing-and-good-fortune">Healing and good fortune</h2>



<p>Astrologically, this meeting is said to symbolize growth, abundance, healing, and good fortune. Jupiter is also associated with opportunities, abundance, and optimism.</p>



<p>The peak of their closeness will occur at 1:05 am ET, with about 13 percent of the moon's surface illuminated, showcasing a waxing crescent moon against the backdrop of the night sky.&nbsp;</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-optical-illusion-nbsp">Optical illusion&nbsp;</h2>



<p>To catch a glimpse of Jupiter, observers should look towards the bottom curve of the moon and then southwest, where the gas giant will shine as the brightest "star."</p>



<p>This cosmic kiss will be visible worldwide, though viewers in Singapore and Australia are in for a special treat. An optical illusion will make the pair appear even closer in these locations, as objects near the horizon can seem larger than when they are higher up in the sky.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-constellation-of-aries">The constellation of Aries</h2>



<p>Adding to the celestial display, the constellation of Aries will also be visible, sitting northeast of the crescent moon.&nbsp;</p>



<p>As one of the 12 zodiac constellations, Aries, often depicted as a ram and associated with the first astrological sign, occupies a space in the northern celestial hemisphere. However, even the brightness of Aries will be eclipsed by Jupiter, which remains the most luminous 'star' in the night sky.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-fleeting-moment">A fleeting moment</h2>



<p>Jupiter's proximity to Earth varies, ranging from 365 million miles at its closest to 601 million miles at its farthest. On the evening following this event, Jupiter will be over 480 million miles away from our planet.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The last notable encounter between the moon and Jupiter took place on December 26, 2023, when the moon, 86 percent illuminated, marked the year's final full moon during its close approach.</p>



<p>This Valentine's Day event offers a perfect opportunity for stargazers and romantics alike to witness the beauty and grandeur of the cosmos, as these two celestial bodies share a fleeting moment of proximity in the vast expanse of space.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-more-about-jupiter">More about Jupiter</h2>



<p>Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system, notable for its massive size and distinctive swirling cloud bands, along with the Great Red Spot, a gigantic storm that has raged for at least 400 years.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-composition">Composition</h3>



<p>This gas giant is made mostly of hydrogen and helium, similar in composition to a star, but it lacks the mass necessary to ignite nuclear fusion.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-magnetic-field">Magnetic field</h3>



<p>Jupiter's powerful magnetic field is the strongest of any planet in the solar system, generated by its metallic hydrogen core, which creates spectacular auroras at its poles.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-moons">Moons</h3>



<p>Surrounding Jupiter is a complex system of moons and rings. It has at least 79 moons, including the four large Galilean moons: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Ganymede, the largest moon in the solar system, even surpasses the size of the planet Mercury. These moons are fascinating worlds in their own right, with Io being the most volcanically active body in the solar system, Europa having a subsurface ocean that may harbor conditions suitable for life, and Ganymede possessing its own magnetic field.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-gravitational-dynamics-nbsp">Gravitational dynamics&nbsp;</h3>



<p>Jupiter plays a crucial role in shaping the gravitational dynamics of the solar system. Its immense gravity has influenced the orbits of other planets and the formation of the solar system itself. It also acts as a kind of cosmic vacuum cleaner, with its gravity attracting and capturing comets and asteroids that might otherwise threaten Earth and other inner planets.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-insights">Insights</h3>



<p>Studying Jupiter and its moons provides valuable insights into the workings of the solar system, the formation of planetary bodies, and the potential for life on other worlds.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Missions like NASA's Juno spacecraft, which arrived at Jupiter in 2016, are designed to study Jupiter in detail, exploring its atmosphere, magnetic environment, and interior structure, shedding light on the complex processes that govern this giant planet and its diverse moon system.</p>



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Jupiter and the moon will share a 'cosmic kiss' on Valentine’s Day

This Valentine's Day, the night sky will host a celestial...

The,Dog,Lies,On,An,Ancient,Burial,Site,,At,The

<p>In an intriguing discovery from an ancient community in northern Italy, researchers have unearthed burial sites that blend human and animal remains. </p>



<p>This recent excavation spawns more questions than answers regarding the perplexing and complex relationships between humans and animals that lived thousands of years ago. </p>



<p>Together, the team explored the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/homo-naledi-may-have-been-the-first-to-bury-their-dead-200000-years-ago/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">burial practices</a> at Seminario Vescovile in Verona, dating back to the 3rd to 1st century BCE.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-significance-of-human-burials-with-animals">Significance of human burials with animals</h2>



<p>Out of 161 individuals buried at this site, 16 were found alongside animal remains, including dogs, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/horse-buried-ceremonial-tomb/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">horses</a>, pigs, a chicken, and part of a cow. </p>



<p>While some of these animals, like pigs and chickens, might have been food offerings for the deceased, the presence of dog and horse remains suggests a different story. </p>



<p>These animals, not typically consumed by the community, might have symbolized enduring companionship or held religious significance, reflecting sacrificial practices.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decoding-these-human-animal-burial-connections">Decoding these human-animal burial connections</h2>



<p>The researchers meticulously analyzed demographic, dietary, genetic, and burial data of both the humans and animals found at the site, hoping to uncover patterns that could explain these <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/stone-age-humans-from-magdalenian-culture-practiced-cannibalism-as-part-of-funeral-rituals/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">unique burials</a>. </p>



<p>Interestingly, no significant correlations emerged from their analysis. Those buried with animals did not share close familial ties, suggesting that this practice was not limited to a specific family lineage.</p>



<p>Among the burials, there was a diverse representation of individuals accompanied by animals. </p>



<p>The graves included a baby buried with a complete dog skeleton, a young man with horse parts, <a href="https://www.earth.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/burial-plot_early-human_dog_credit-SR-Thompson_1m.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">a middle-aged man with a small dog</a>, and a middle-aged woman with an entire horse, additional horse parts, and a dog skull. </p>



<p>This variety further complicates our understanding of the motivations behind these burials.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-interpreting-silence-mystery-of-human-animal-burials">Interpreting silence: Mystery of human-animal burials</h2>



<p>The absence of clear patterns in these burials leaves room for multiple interpretations. While dogs and horses often carried religious symbolism in ancient cultures, it's also plausible that these animals were beloved companions of the deceased. </p>



<p>The researchers propose that these burial practices likely resulted from a combination of individual preferences and broader societal customs.</p>



<p>This study is a part of the <a href="https://celtudalps.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">CELTUDALPS</a> research project, which aims to uncover the mysteries surrounding the burial of horses and dogs with humans.</p>



<p>It opens up fascinating possibilities about the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/new-study-sheds-light-on-neolithic-rituals-involving-human-bones/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">rituals and beliefs</a> of late-century BCE Italy, suggesting that the relationship between humans and animals was both complex and multifaceted. </p>



<p>As we delve deeper into these ancient practices, we gain valuable insights into the social and religious fabric of past civilizations, highlighting the enduring bond between humans and their animal counterparts.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-exploring-pre-roman-burial-rituals">Exploring Pre-Roman burial rituals</h2>



<p>Long before the rise of the Roman Empire, ancient cultures across Europe and the Mediterranean engaged in diverse burial rituals that reflected their beliefs, values, and social structures. </p>



<p>These practices, varying widely among different communities, offer us a window into the lives and afterlives of pre-Roman societies.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-communal-tombs-and-individual-graves">Communal tombs and individual graves</h3>



<p>One common practice involved communal burial sites, where generations of a single community or family rested together. These large tombs, often built with stone or carved into the earth, symbolized a collective identity and continuity. </p>



<p>In contrast, individual graves highlighted personal status, achievements, or roles within the community, marked by distinctive grave goods, ornaments, or symbols.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-rituals-of-passage">Rituals of passage</h3>



<p><a href="https://www.earth.com/news/mummification-processes-in-europe-are-older-than-expected/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Burial rituals</a> often served as rites of passage, guiding the deceased from the world of the living to the afterlife. Ceremonies could include processions, chants, and offerings, with the belief that these rites ensured a safe journey for the soul. </p>



<p>The inclusion of personal items, from weapons and jewelry to everyday utensils, aimed to equip the deceased for the afterlife. In addition, as we learned above, animals would often be included in the burial rituals.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cremation-and-inhumation">Cremation and inhumation</h3>



<p>Pre-Roman societies practiced both cremation and inhumation, with preferences varying over time and geography. </p>



<p>Cremation involved burning the body, then burying the ashes in urns or pits, sometimes accompanied by offerings. </p>



<p>Inhumation, the direct burial of the body, often included elaborate grave goods and sometimes sacrificial animals, believed to serve or protect the deceased in the next world.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-symbolism-and-belief">Symbolism and belief</h3>



<p>The diversity in burial practices reflected a tapestry of beliefs about death, the afterlife, and the cosmos. Some gravesites were aligned with celestial bodies or placed in locations believed to be closer to the divine. </p>



<p>Animals, when included, could symbolize protection, companionship, or status. The variety and complexity of these rituals underscored the significance of death and the afterlife in pre-Roman cultures.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-unearthing-connections">Unearthing connections</h3>



<p>Archaeological excavations continue to unearth the remnants of these ancient practices, offering insights into the spiritual and cultural worlds of pre-Roman societies. </p>



<p>Each discovery, from the simplest burial pit to the most elaborate tomb, reveals the universal quest for meaning in death and the hope for continuity beyond it.</p>



<p>In summary, through the lens of burial rituals, we glimpse the profound connections between the living and the dead, the individual and the community, and humans and the cosmos in pre-Roman times. </p>



<p>These ancient practices commemorated the deceased while also reaffirming the values and beliefs of the living, leaving a lasting legacy that continues to fascinate and inform.</p>



<p>The research at Seminario Vescovile in Verona was conducted by Zita Laffranchi from the <a href="https://www.unibe.ch/index_eng.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Bern</a>, Stefania Zingale from the <a href="https://www.eurac.edu/en/institutes-centers/institute-for-mummy-studies" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Institute for Mummy Studies</a> at Eurac Research Bozen, Umberto Tecchiati from the <a href="https://www.unimi.it/en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Milan</a>, and their colleagues. </p>



<p>The full study was published in the journal <em><a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0293434" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PLoS ONE</a></em>.</p>



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Early humans were often buried with dogs, horses and other animals

In an intriguing discovery from an ancient community in northern...

<p>Scientists have made a thrilling discovery about the elusive Skywalker gibbons, confirming a significant population of these endangered <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/south-african-primates-face-multiple-threats/">primates</a> in Myanmar. The research was fueled by the unique "love songs" that are sung by gibbon couples each morning.</p>



<p>The study marks the first confirmation of the species in Myanmar in over a century and significantly expands our understanding of their distribution.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-study-significance-nbsp">Study significance&nbsp;</h2>



<p>The Skywalker gibbon, named for the "Star Wars" saga, was recognized as a distinct species in 2017. At that time, fewer than 200 individuals were documented, all within China's borders. However, a recent study has shattered this geographic limitation, identifying new groups of Skywalker gibbons in Myanmar.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The researchers have unveiled the largest known population of Skywalker gibbons on Earth, previously believed to be confined to southwestern China.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-success-story-nbsp">Success story&nbsp;</h2>



<p>The study was led by the Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center at <a href="https://www.ucdavis.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">UC Davis</a> and the newly formed Myanmar Skywalker Gibbon Conservation Committee. Field expeditions were conducted by partner organizations, including Nature Conservation Society Myanmar and Fauna &amp; Flora International – Myanmar.</p>



<p>“We were able to genetically identify 44 new groups of Skywalker gibbons in Myanmar,” said senior author Tierra Smiley Evans. “This is a huge resource and success story for Myanmar.”</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-living-under-the-radar">Living under the radar</h2>



<p>The exact number of Skywalker gibbons in these newly identified groups remains undetermined. However, their presence in areas previously thought to be inhabited by the Eastern hoolock gibbon suggests that the largest probable population of Skywalker gibbons has been living undetected until now.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Initial estimates from 2013 speculated the existence of up to 65,000 gibbons in these regions, although current numbers are likely lower due to hunting, limited protected areas, and ongoing political unrest in Myanmar.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-focus-of-the-study-nbsp">Focus of the study&nbsp;</h2>



<p>For the investigation, the experts collected chewed plants and fruits for non-invasive DNA sampling. They also used acoustic monitoring systems that captured the gibbons' morning serenades.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The innovative study approach was crucial in confirming the presence of Skywalker gibbons. These methods, combined with photograph analysis and local threat assessment surveys, have not only expanded the known habitat range of these gibbons but also underscored their adaptability and the critical need for targeted conservation efforts.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-critical-new-insights-nbsp">Critical new insights&nbsp;</h2>



<p>The discovery of Skywalker gibbons in Myanmar, particularly in the degraded forests of Southern Shan State and as far south as Kachin State, challenges previous assumptions about their habitat preferences and resilience.&nbsp;</p>



<p>This finding is a testament to the importance of local knowledge and community involvement in conservation research, especially in regions where political unrest and safety concerns limit external scientific exploration.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-study-implications-nbsp">Study implications&nbsp;</h2>



<p>As the study's findings are integrated into the International Union for the Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, the researchers advocate for the continued designation of the Skywalker gibbon as an endangered species. They emphasize the urgent need for Myanmar and China to extend and enhance conservation measures to these newly identified geographic areas.</p>



<p>“We found Skywalker gibbons in two regions of Myanmar: Kachin state and as far south as Shan state, in degraded forests and at much lower elevations than we expected, showing us they’re highly adaptable,” Evans said. “There needs to be a protected area system there that focuses on them.”</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">More about Skywalker gibbons</h2>



<p>Skywalker gibbons, scientifically known as Hoolock tianxing, are a species of hoolock gibbon found in the forests of Myanmar and China. They were named "Skywalker" due to the meaning of their Chinese name, which reflects the idea of moving swiftly through the treetops, akin to the movement of a Jedi, a reference to the Star Wars saga. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-appearance">Appearance </h3>



<p>Skywalker gibbons are characterized by distinctive markings on their eyebrows and a generally lighter coloring compared to other hoolock gibbons. They are omnivorous, feeding on a variety of fruits, leaves, and occasionally insects. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-social-lives">Social lives </h3>



<p>Like other gibbons, they are known for their agility and their ability to brachiate through the trees with remarkable speed. They live in small, territorial family groups, and their vocalizations, which include a complex series of hoots, barks, and other sounds, play a crucial role in communication and maintaining the bonds within these groups. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-conservation">Conservation</h3>



<p>Unfortunately, the Skywalker gibbons are facing threats from habitat loss, fragmentation, and hunting, leading to their classification as endangered. Conservation efforts are crucial to ensure the survival of this unique species, emphasizing habitat protection, anti-poaching measures, and research to better understand their ecology and behavior.</p>



<p>Image Credit: Peng-Fei Fan</p>



<p>The study is published in the <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-024-00418-6" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>International Journal of Primatology</em></a>.</p>



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Hidden groups of Skywalker gibbons found through their love songs

Scientists have made a thrilling discovery about the elusive Skywalker...

<p>Decomposition is the process of breaking down dead organic matter into vital nutrients, sustaining life and enriching ecosystems. This process impacts soil, plants, and even air to support diverse organisms.</p>



<p>A recent study led by Dr Jessica L. Metcalf from <a href="https://www.colostate.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Colorado State University</a> has revealed a hidden world of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/microbes-found-that-can-digest-plastic-in-freezing-temperatures/">microbes</a> driving the breakdown of deceased bodies. This holds significant promise for both advancing forensic science and enriching our ecological understanding.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-microbial-groups-linked-to-cadaver-decomposition">Key microbial groups linked to cadaver decomposition</h2>



<p>Dr Jessica L. Metcalf and her colleagues monitored the decomposition of 36 deceased bodies placed in three distinct forensic anthropological facilities: the <a href="https://www.utk.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Tennessee, Knoxville</a>; <a href="https://www.shsu.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sam Houston State University</a>; and <a href="https://www.coloradomesa.edu/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Colorado Mesa University</a>.</p>



<p>The cadavers were used as models to understand how different factors such as climate, location, and time influence the microbial communities involved in decomposition.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-focus-of-the-study">Focus of the study</h2>



<p>Throughout the study, the researchers collected samples from the bodies at different stages of decomposition. They analyzed these samples using advanced genetic sequencing techniques to identify the microbes present and understand how their communities changed over time.</p>



<p>The researchers identified a total of 1,275 microbial groups linked to cadaver decomposition in various climates and locations.&nbsp;</p>



<p>These decomposers initially assemble somewhat randomly, but their activity becomes increasingly coordinated as decomposition progresses. This dynamic interplay creates unique "microbial consortia" – networks of diverse microbes working together to break down organic matter, regardless of season, location, or climate.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-universal-decomposer-networks">Universal decomposer networks</h2>



<p>The study revealed a surprising "universal decomposer network" active across diverse climates and locations. This suggests a link between microbes' evolutionary history (taxonomy) and their metabolic roles in decomposition.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Interestingly, while the overall mix of decomposers varied, approximately 20 key microbes consistently emerged as essential to the process. This highlights a level of functional redundancy despite climatic differences.</p>



<p>For instance, when crops decompose on farms, different kinds of microbes can step in to aid the process, but some specific microbes always seem to be important. The researchers found that the same idea applies to how human bodies decompose.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-rate-of-decomposition-nbsp">Rate of decomposition&nbsp;</h2>



<p>The experts also explored how climate affects the rate of decomposition. They found that microbial communities in temperate zones respond more noticeably to changes in their environment than those in arid regions.&nbsp;</p>



<p>This further supports the understanding that climate heavily influences both decomposition rates and the activity of the decomposers.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-critical-new-insights">Critical new insights</h2>



<p>Notably, despite these variations, the general composition or structure of the microbial communities involved in decomposition remained similar across all the environments. This suggests that, regardless of location, microbes follow similar processes when assembling themselves into communities responsible for decomposition.</p>



<p>The study represents a significant breakthrough in both forensic science and ecological understanding. The researchers have successfully linked patterns within microbial communities to accurately predict the Postmortem Interval (PMI), proving invaluable for criminal investigations by pinpointing the time of death.</p>



<p>The research also sheds light on ecosystem dynamics by analyzing how microbes decompose human remains. This knowledge could help illuminate the flow of carbon and nutrients within the environment for more accurate predictions of environmental changes.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-study-implications-nbsp">Study implications&nbsp;</h2>



<p>Intriguingly, the presence of the universal decomposer network suggests that certain microbial interactions and processes transcend environmental differences, potentially leading to improved PMI estimates in various settings.</p>



<p>Future research may delve deeper into these findings, focusing on specific microbes crucial for PMI prediction, exploring microbial patterns in even more diverse environments, and investigating potential applications in fields beyond forensics, such as agriculture.</p>



<p>The study is published in the journal <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-023-01580-y" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nature Microbiology</a>.</p>



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Microbes involved in human decomposition may help solve crimes

Decomposition is the process of breaking down dead organic matter...

<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHHxOej4QfE
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Researchers found a correlation between Alzheimer's disease and traffic pollution.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-invisible-threat-in-urban-air"><strong>Invisible threat in urban air</strong></h2>



<p>City dwellers face an unseen danger with every breath. New findings from Emory University researchers suggest that fine particulate matter from <a href="http://earth.com/news/traffic-related-air-pollution-might-increase-alzheimers-risk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">vehicle emissions may significantly elevate the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease</a>. The study examined brain tissue samples from 224 individuals who had confirmed diagnoses and volunteered their brains for scientific research.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-disturbing-connections-emerge"><strong>Disturbing connections emerge</strong></h2>



<p>Scientists analyzed neuritic plaques — protein clusters that characterize Alzheimer's — while mapping each participant's exposure to PM2.5 particles based on residential location and surrounding traffic density. The correlation proved more alarming than anticipated. Individuals experiencing higher pollution exposure showed nearly double the likelihood of elevated plaque accumulation in brain tissue.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-timing-matters"><strong>Timing matters</strong></h2>



<p>The research team discovered that pollution exposure during the final year before death demonstrated the strongest association with brain changes. This timeline suggests relatively rapid impacts from environmental toxins on neural health. The connection remained robust even after accounting for various demographic and health factors.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-genetic-vulnerability-patterns"><strong>Genetic vulnerability patterns</strong></h2>



<p>Perhaps most concerning, people lacking the APOE gene—which naturally predisposes individuals to Alzheimer's — exhibited more than twice the susceptibility to pollution-related brain damage. Study author Dr. Anke Huels noted this indicates environmental elements like air contamination could trigger the disease in cases where hereditary factors don't explain.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-public-health-implications"><strong>Public health implications</strong></h2>



<p>These findings, published in <em><a href="https://www.neurology.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Neurology</a></em>, underscore the critical importance of air quality regulations in urban planning. The research suggests that implementing stricter emission controls and promoting alternative transportation could serve as powerful tools in Alzheimer's prevention.</p>



<p>As cities worldwide grapple with growing traffic congestion and aging populations, this study highlights an urgent need for comprehensive approaches to environmental health that protect both our lungs and our minds.</p>



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Traffic fumes may trigger Alzheimer's

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHHxOej4QfE Researchers found a correlation between Alzheimer's disease and traffic...

<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E0mn5mTvhQ
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">'Death Star' moon Mimas conceals a 15-million-year-old ocean that scientists never expected.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-hidden-waters-beneath-ancient-craters">Hidden waters beneath ancient craters</h2>



<p>Scientists have made a startling discovery that challenges everything we thought we knew about <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/saturn-moon-mimas-has-remarkably-young-ocean/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Saturn's moon Mimas</a>. Beneath the heavily cratered surface that earned it the nickname "Death Star" lies a global ocean that formed just 5 to 15 million years ago—a remarkably young age by cosmic standards.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cassini-data-reveals-orbital-secrets">Cassini data reveals orbital secrets</h2>



<p>The discovery, led by Dr. Valéry Lainey of the <a href="https://observatoiredeparis.psl.eu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Observatoire de Paris</a>, emerged from careful analysis of <a href="https://www.nasa.gov" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NASA</a>'s Cassini spacecraft data. By studying subtle irregularities in Mimas's orbit around Saturn, researchers detected the gravitational signature of liquid water hidden 20 to 30 kilometers beneath the moon's icy shell.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-an-unlikely-ocean-world">An unlikely ocean world</h2>



<p>At only 400 kilometers in diameter, Mimas seemed like the least likely candidate to harbor a subsurface ocean. Unlike other ocean moons such as Europa and Enceladus, which show clear surface signs of internal activity, Mimas displays no obvious hints of the liquid water beneath its ancient, crater-scarred exterior.</p>



<p>"Mimas is a small moon, and its heavily cratered surface gave no hint of the hidden ocean beneath," explained Dr. Nick Cooper from <a href="https://www.qmul.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Queen Mary University of London</a>, a study co-author.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-implications-for-astrobiology">Implications for astrobiology</h2>



<p>The ocean's recent formation makes Mimas a prime target for studying how oceans develop and potentially support life. This discovery adds another member to the exclusive club of ocean worlds in our solar system, each offering unique insights into the conditions necessary for habitability.</p>



<p>The research, published in <em><a href="https://www.nature.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nature</a></em> journal, demonstrates how advanced orbital analysis can reveal hidden features of celestial bodies, opening new possibilities for understanding ocean formation throughout the cosmos.</p>



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<p>—–</p>

Scientists discover unexpected young ocean on Saturn's cratered moon Mimas

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2E0mn5mTvhQ 'Death Star' moon Mimas conceals a 15-million-year-old ocean that...

<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K0DuSr87SHY
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">57 million-year ice age mystery solved by Australian scientists.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-when-earth-became-a-frozen-wasteland">When Earth became a frozen wasteland</h2>



<p>Imagine Earth as a giant snowball, frozen solid from the North Pole to the equator. This wasn't the plot of a science fiction movie – it was our planet's reality 700 million years ago during an extreme ice age that has puzzled scientists for decades.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-discovery">The discovery</h2>



<p>Australian researchers from the <a href="https://www.sydney.edu.au/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Sydney</a> have finally cracked one of geology's greatest mysteries: what caused the Sturtian glaciation and why it persisted for an unprecedented 57 million years. This period occurred long before dinosaurs roamed the Earth, when no complex plants or multicellular animals existed.</p>



<p>Dr. Adriana Dutkiewicz, the study's lead author, describes a world completely unlike today's climate. "Imagine the Earth almost completely frozen over," she explained. "The planet was blanketed in ice from poles to equator, and temperatures plunged."</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-combination-of-climate-factors">The combination of climate factors</h2>



<p>The research team discovered that this massive freeze resulted from a "double whammy" of geological events. First, plate tectonic activity reduced volcanic carbon dioxide emissions to historically low levels. Volcanic activity typically releases CO2 into the atmosphere, creating a greenhouse effect that keeps Earth warm.</p>



<p>Simultaneously, weathering of volcanic rocks in what is now Canada actively absorbed atmospheric CO2, further reducing greenhouse gas concentrations. When atmospheric carbon dioxide levels dropped below 200 parts per million – less than half of today's levels – glaciation engulfed the entire planet.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-modern-climate-implications">Modern climate implications</h2>



<p>Published in the journal <em><a href="https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geology" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Geology</a></em>, this research provides crucial insights into Earth's climate system. While geological climate changes occur over millions of years, the study emphasizes that human-induced climate change is happening at a pace ten times faster than previously observed natural changes, highlighting the urgent need to understand our planet's delicate climate balance.</p>



<p>—–</p>



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What caused the planet's longest ice age

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K0DuSr87SHY 57 million-year ice age mystery solved by Australian scientists....

<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXXGGiynIjs
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Greenland is not sinking. In fact, it is the opposite.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-contrasting-climate-response">A contrasting climate response</h2>



<p>Most coastal towns are <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/sinking-land-will-intensify-the-effects-of-rising-sea-levels/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">preparing for higher sea levels</a>, but <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/greenland-no-longer-has-to-worry-about-rising-sea-levels/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Greenland presents</a> a different scenario during climate change. The ground there is rising at a remarkable rate. Over the past decade, some areas have lifted about 20 centimeters, which translates to roughly 2 meters per century. This rate significantly exceeds current projections for sea level rise.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-geological-rebound-process-through-climate-change">Geological rebound process through climate change</h2>



<p>The mechanism behind this phenomenon is straightforward. As the ice sheet melts, the immense weight is removed from the bedrock, causing the land to rebound upward. This process resembles the way compressed material springs back when pressure is released.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-scientific-monitoring-networks">Scientific monitoring networks</h2>



<p>Researchers at the <a href="https://www.dtu.dk/english/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Technical University of Denmark</a> are documenting this uplift using the GNET network, consisting of 61 GPS stations positioned around Greenland's coast. These sensors can detect movement with millimeter precision, providing detailed measurements of the ongoing changes.</p>



<p>The data reveal that current uplift rates exceed the gradual rebound occurring since the last ice age ended approximately 12,000 years ago. This acceleration corresponds directly with increased ice sheet melting rates.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-coastal-transformation">Coastal Transformation</h2>



<p>This uplift is actively reshaping Greenland's coastline. New islands and rocky formations, called "skerries," are emerging as previously submerged land surfaces rise above the water level. This represents a notable contrast to global concerns about rising seas.</p>



<p>The study, published in Geophysical Research Letters, demonstrates the varied regional impacts of climate change. While many locations face rising water levels, Greenland's bedrock is literally rising above the surrounding seas.</p>



<p>The full study was recently published in <em><a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2023GL104851" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Geophysical Research Letters</a></em>.</p>



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<p>—–</p>

Greenland's ground rises while coasts worldwide face higher seas

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXXGGiynIjs Greenland is not sinking. In fact, it is the...

<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSM3EVeGHJU
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Companies like MindStudio help companies train their employees to implement the latest AI Agent building platform.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ai-agent-training-transforms-the-workplace-fear-factor-into-a-competitive-advantage">AI agent training transforms the workplace 'fear factor' into a competitive advantage</h2>



<p>Organizations that offer comprehensive artificial intelligence training to their workers find remarkable value that extends well beyond basic <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/mind-wandering-might-be-more-productive-than-you-think/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">productivity improvements</a>. Emerging research demonstrates that carefully crafted AI training programs <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/ai-does-not-replace-human-creativity-but-enhances-it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">enhance</a> corporate performance, lower operational costs, and dramatically improve employee psychological well-being by turning workplace uncertainty into professional empowerment.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-addressing-the-widespread-ai-anxiety-crisis-among-us">Addressing the widespread 'AI anxiety' crisis among us</h2>



<p>A staggering 53% of employees expressed concern that the use of AI tools to automate work tasks could make them appear disposable to their employers, according to <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Microsoft</a>'s 2024 workplace survey. Such pervasive worry about being substituted by machines has caused what researchers have termed "AI technostress" – a psychological state that can result in occupational burnout and poorer mental well-being.</p>



<p>Data published in <a href="https://www.nature.com/palcomms/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Humanities and Social Sciences Communications</a> showed that belief in AI learning ability was a moderator in the link between technology adoption and work pressure, and higher confidence significantly lowered negative psychological responses. Workers provided ample training to become competent with AI software have significantly lower stress.</p>



<p>Companies like <a href="https://www.mindstudio.ai/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">MindStudio</a> have platforms for building what are known as "AI Agents".  In essence, AI Agents are simply tools that employees can build for themselves or their teams quickly and inexpensively.   MindStudio will even train entire companies, from the CEO on down, at no cost. By letting MindStudio empower employees, companies avoid hiring more IT staff, buying more software, and implementing solutions to problems that do not exist.</p>



<p>MindStudio even has partners locally for companies, like <a href="http://www.dominnus.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Dominnus</a> with offices in the Carolinas, California, and Denver, to help build AI Agents and support employees as they become resident AI experts for their organization.  The training provided by MindStudio is applicable across other AI Agent building platforms as well.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-revolutionary-productivity-through-focused-learning">Revolutionary productivity through focused learning</h2>



<p>Organizations that implement large-scale AI training programs achieve dramatic outcomes. Employees performed tasks significantly better when they utilized AI support compared to when they didn't, according to <a href="https://www.nngroup.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nielsen Norman Group</a> research findings. Their study documented productivity increases of 66% for a variety of professional tasks.</p>



<p>Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis research finds workers record 33% higher productivity in time working with generative AI tools. The benefit is equivalent to 5.4% of work time savings for AI users – around 2.2 hours per week for full-time workers.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-psychological-well-being-benefits-through-ai-competence">Psychological well-being benefits through AI competence</h2>



<p>The emotional transformation when employees are provided with proper technology training is a fundamental transformation from fear to professional confidence. A survey of 600 employees across industries, carried out by ScienceDirect, proved that AI capabilities strengthen work environment commitment and improve job satisfaction.</p>



<p>A <a href="https://www.lut.fi/en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">LUT University</a> study discovered that AI adoption has no direct effect on workers' well-being but does so indirectly through working conditions like task optimization and safety protocols. Strategically deployed AI that involves correct training can actually increase workplace mental well-being.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-from-replacement-anxiety-to-partnership-confidence">From 'replacement anxiety' to 'partnership confidence'</h2>



<p>Although 35% of those interviewed in recent McKinsey studies were concerned about workforce displacement, firms with large-scale training initiatives witness such fears dissipate quickly. The World Economic Forum found that two out of three respondents believe AI competencies will enhance their career prospects and job marketability.</p>



<p>This shift from fear to trust has measurable implications for job satisfaction. Applied Sciences research indicates AI can create tailored wellness programs based on individual employee requirements.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-financial-benefits-of-increased-retention">Financial benefits of increased retention</h2>



<p>The mental health advantages of AI learning have a direct impact on organizational bottom lines in the form of a positive feedback cycle with high retention of employees. Recent ROI research validates that artificial intelligence learning has a beneficial impact on employee turnover and satisfaction levels.</p>



<p>PriceWaterhouseCoopers' research documents 20% to 30% improvements in productivity, market speed, and revenue in organizations that attempt systematic AI adoption through comprehensive training.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-environmental-advantages-of-ai-enabled-teams">Environmental advantages of AI-enabled teams</h2>



<p>AI training has unforeseen environmental benefits as it makes the work environment more efficient. According to a study in Scientific Reports, the carbon footprint in writing and illustrating work is significantly lower when AI performs it compared to humans. AI software produces 130 to 1,500 times less CO2 equivalent per page of text created than human authors.</p>



<p>In addition, AI-driven remote work functionality significantly reduces environmental impact. Research by Cornell University and Microsoft indicates that remote workers reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 54% by not commuting daily to offices. Hybrid workers working remotely two to four days a week can reduce their carbon footprint by 11% to 29%.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cumulative-organizational-advantages">Cumulative organizational advantages</h2>



<p>The compounding gains of better mental well-being, reduced turnover, increased productivity, and environmental benefits flow to enterprises from the pairing. McKinsey analysis estimates the long-term AI potential at $4.4 trillion in incremental productivity growth opportunity from business use cases.</p>



<p>As of now, 75% of knowledge workers globally utilize generative AI, mirroring widespread adoption patterns. Organizations that provide organized training and assistance see the most favorable results in productivity, worker satisfaction, and ecological sustainability.</p>



<p>The research overwhelmingly indicates that companies that invest in proper AI education, like that offered through <a href="https://www.mindstudio.ai" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">MindStudio</a>, establish win-win scenarios where employees are both more empowered and less stressed, and companies enjoy the gains of increased productivity, reduced turnover, and improved mental health outcomes throughout their workforce.</p>



<p>For more on MindStudio's free AI training for companies, visit the website's of MindStudio and Dominnus from the links below.</p>



<p>The research was published across a variety of peer-reviewed journals, including <a href="https://www.nature.com/palcomms/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Humanities and Social Sciences Communications</a>, <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence</a>, and <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci">Applied Sciences</a>.</p>



<p id="block-9bd989d6-2fd3-4580-957f-6cacce134f08">-----</p>



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<p id="block-1f9a227a-ec37-4140-81b8-ffa4a7cc6689">-----</p>



<p>MindStudio.AI: <a href="https://www.mindstudio.ai" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.mindstudio.ai</a></p>



<p>Dominnus: <a href="https://www.dominnus.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.dominnus.com</a></p>

AI agent training boosts mental health and profits

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSM3EVeGHJU Companies like MindStudio help companies train their employees to...

<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HDXqTGEmi4
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Scientists give plants superpowers against bacterial disease</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-natural-solution-to-disease-through-crop-modification">A natural solution to disease through crop modification.</h2>



<p>The agricultural industry stands at a crossroads between productivity and environmental responsibility, and crop modification often carries a negative connotation. While chemical pesticides have long been the go-to solution for crop protection, their harmful effects on ecosystems and human health have prompted scientists to seek alternatives. The recent breakthrough by <a href="https://www.southampton.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Southampton</a> researchers offers a promising path forward through the precise manipulation of plant-associated microbial communities.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-science-behind-microbial-partnerships">The science behind microbial partnerships</h2>



<p>Plants naturally harbor diverse ecosystems of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms that function as biological allies. These microscopic partners contribute to disease resistance, nutrient absorption, and stress tolerance. However, until now, scientists lacked the tools to deliberately reshape these communities to enhance crop protection.</p>



<p>The Southampton team's approach centered on <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/engineered-plant-microbiomes-the-future-of-crop-protection/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">modifying lignin biosynthesis genes in rice plants</a>. This strategic intervention altered the plant's metabolic output, creating conditions that favored beneficial bacterial populations while suppressing harmful ones. The result was a living defense system embedded within the plant itself.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-implications-for-global-food-security">Implications for global food security</h2>



<p>The successful demonstration against Xanthomonas oryzae, the pathogen responsible for bacterial blight in rice, represents more than a laboratory achievement. Rice feeds nearly half the world's population, and bacterial blight causes devastating crop losses annually. Traditional control methods rely heavily on pesticides that contaminate soil and water systems.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-looking-beyond-disease-resistance">Looking Beyond Disease Resistance</h2>



<p>While disease protection represents the immediate application, the research framework opens doors to broader agricultural improvements. Future developments could engineer microbiomes to enhance nutrient uptake, reducing dependence on synthetic fertilizers. This dual benefit addresses both crop productivity and environmental sustainability.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-path-forward">The path forward</h2>



<p>As this technology advances from laboratory to field applications, it promises to reshape sustainable agriculture. The ability to program plants with their own biological defense systems could herald a new era where crops protect themselves naturally, reducing chemical inputs while maintaining yields necessary for global food security.</p>



<p>The study is published in the journal&nbsp;<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44335-3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Nature Communications</em></a>.</p>



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<p>-----</p>

Revolutionizing agriculture through microbiome engineering

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HDXqTGEmi4 Scientists give plants superpowers against bacterial disease A natural...

<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kVywlgRJXsc
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Some children read facial expressions when making food choices.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-other-people-s-reactions-influence-children-s-eating-habits">Other people's reactions influence children's eating habits</h2>



<p>Many children are finicky eaters, but research explains how <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/scientists-have-learned-why-so-many-kids-dislike-vegetables/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">watching others eat and social modeling</a> influence the eating habits of children.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Study Methodology Demonstrates Social Learning Impact</h2>



<p>Researchers at <a href="https://www.aston.ac.uk/hls/school-of-psychology" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Aston University School of Psychology</a> have published findings in Frontiers in Psychology that illuminate the neurobiological foundations of food preference development through observational learning. The investigation employed controlled video stimuli featuring adults consuming raw broccoli while displaying systematically varied facial expressions to measure participant responses.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Asymmetrical Response Patterns Identified</h2>



<p>The research, conducted with 204 female participants, revealed a pronounced asymmetry in social modeling effects. Negative facial expressions during vegetable consumption significantly diminished observer food preference ratings, while positive expressions failed to produce corresponding increases in vegetable appeal. This finding challenges conventional assumptions about the bidirectional nature of social influence in dietary behavior formation.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Evolutionary Psychology Framework Applied</h2>



<p>Dr. Katie Edwards and her research team propose that these results reflect adaptive mechanisms developed through evolutionary processes. The heightened sensitivity to disgust expressions likely functions as a protective system, enabling individuals to identify potentially harmful foods through social cues without direct risk exposure.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Clinical and Educational Implications</h2>



<p>These findings carry substantial implications for pediatric nutrition interventions and family meal dynamics. The research suggests that parental expressions of distaste during vegetable consumption may inadvertently reinforce children's existing food aversions through unconscious social transmission pathways.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Future Research Directions</h2>



<p>The study establishes a foundation for expanded investigation into real-time social modeling effects and cross-demographic applicability. Researchers emphasize the necessity for longitudinal studies examining actual consumption behaviors rather than preference ratings alone, particularly within family contexts where social learning occurs most frequently.</p>



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<p>-----</p>



<p></p>

Social modeling affects our food choices

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kVywlgRJXsc Some children read facial expressions when making food choices....

<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JynHpMaNO8A
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Chaotic cancer protein finally controlled after decades of mystery</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cancer-causing-protein-bound-and-blocked">Cancer-causing protein bound and blocked</h2>



<p>In a discovery that can one day revolutionize cancer treatment, researchers at the <a href="https://www.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of California, Riverside</a> have successfully developed a means of controlling MYC, a notoriously slippery protein that causes approximately <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/chaotic-protein-that-fuels-75-of-cancers-can-be-controlled/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">75% of all cancers in humans</a>.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-makes-myc-different">What makes MYC different</h2>



<p>MYC presents a unique challenge when studying cancer. Normally, this protein plays a vital role in healthy cells. It carefully controls transcription - the process that converts genetic information from DNA and RNA into proteins.</p>



<p>However, cancer changes everything. In cancer cells, MYC becomes a destructive force. It operates in overdrive mode with no regulation whatsoever.</p>



<p>Professor Min Xue, who led the research team, explains it simply: "MYC is less like food for cancer cells and more like a steroid. It drives cancer's aggressive growth." This superactive behavior makes MYC involved in three out of every four cancer cases.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-why-myc-is-hard-to-target">Why MYC is hard to target</h2>



<p>Despite its clear role in cancer, targeting MYC has been one of medicine's biggest challenges. The main problem lies in MYC's unusual structure - or rather, its complete lack of structure.</p>



<p>Professor Xue describes the protein as "basically a glob of randomness." This means conventional drug discovery methods don't work. These traditional approaches rely on sharply defined protein structures. MYC simply doesn't have one.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">A New Approach to Fighting MYC</h2>



<p>The UCR research team developed a clever solution. They designed a special peptide molecule that could selectively bind to MYC. More importantly, this peptide could block MYC's destructive activity.</p>



<p>The key was fine-tuning two specific features: the peptide's stiffness and its shape. Through careful adjustments, researchers achieved something remarkable. They reached "sub-micro-molar affinity" - meaning their peptide binds as strongly as antibodies do.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-breakthrough-results">Breakthrough results</h2>



<p>This accomplishment represents a major leap beyond previous attempts. The researchers enhanced their peptide's binding strength by two orders of magnitude. This dramatic improvement brings the work significantly closer to practical drug development goals.</p>



<p>The research opens new possibilities for treating the vast majority of cancers where MYC plays a destructive role.</p>



<p>The researchers are presently optimizing peptide-delivery systems based on lipid nanoparticles that deliver the peptide effectively into cancer cells. The<a href="https://www.nih.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> National Institutes of Health</a> and the <a href="https://www.defense.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">U.S. Department of Defense</a> funded the study, which appeared in the Journal of the <a href="https://www.acs.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">American Chemical Society</a>.<br>This research offers renewed hope against cancer, and it can potentially open a door to more effective cancer therapies for most cancer patients worldwide.</p>



<p>-----</p>



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<p>-----</p>

The protein that fuels 3 out of 4 cancers has been controlled

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JynHpMaNO8A Chaotic cancer protein finally controlled after decades of mystery...

<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Y4eLFNYrKE
</div></figure>



<p>On the unforgiving landscape of North Greenland, temperatures drop and sunlight barely penetrates through the polar winter. It was here, however, that an international team of scientists found <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/predatory-worms-were-terror-beasts-half-a-billion-years-ago/#google_vignette" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">evidence of sea monsters</a> that would change our understanding of ocean life in the past.</p>



<p>This video captures the discovery of Timorebestia fossils that had been hidden for more than 500 million years in the Sirius Passet formation. The "terror beasts," as they are called, are a hidden chapter in the evolutionary history of <a href="https://www.earth.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Earth</a>, showing that sophisticated predator-prey interactions occurred much earlier than previously envisioned.</p>



<p>Dr. Jakob Vinther and his research team at the <a href="https://www.bristol.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Bristol</a>, in collaboration with researchers at the <a href="https://eng.kopri.re.kr/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Korean Polar Research Institute</a>, braved extreme weather conditions at 82.5 north latitude to locate these giant creatures. Using sophisticated electron microprobe analysis, they revealed the detailed anatomy of the animals, including their muscle and nerve tissues.</p>



<p>The find upsets the traditional timeline of sea predators.  Although we've long appreciated that Cambrian oceans were at one time ruled by <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWI3-UgA3_o&amp;list=PL1QLQMW9MWDwpkFOnvgAmu7wT6rZmYqdJ&amp;index=19" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">arthropods</a>, these discoveries indicate that relatives of arrow worms were first to dominate the seas.  These worms were building sophisticated food webs several million years before other predator groups arose.</p>



<p>Each fossil is a story of ancient hunger, with fossil stomach contents revealing these meter-long beasts dined on heavily armored arthropods regularly, cementing their place as the ocean's first apex predators.</p>



<p>-----</p>



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<p>-----</p>

Worms dominated seas before dinosaurs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Y4eLFNYrKE On the unforgiving landscape of North Greenland, temperatures drop...

<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow3JH03PqEQ
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">New York is the site of the world's oldest forest.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-385-million-year-old-trees-discovered">385-million-year-old trees discovered</h2>



<p>Scientists have uncovered something extraordinary just two hours north of New York City. The <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/worlds-oldest-forest-discovered-close-to-new-york-city/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">world's oldest forest</a>, dating back 385 million years, offers a window into how Earth's first complex forests shaped our planet's atmosphere.</p>



<p>Located near <a href="https://townofcairo.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Cairo, New York</a>, in Greene County, these weren't merely primitive plants struggling to survive. These were sophisticated trees with root systems remarkably similar to modern forests. This ancient woodland predates dinosaurs by 140 million years.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-cairo-forest-discovery">The Cairo forest discovery</h2>



<p>385 million years ago, upstate New York was a tropical paradise near the equator. Thanks to continental drift, this ancient forest has traveled thousands of miles to its current location.</p>



<p>The fossil forest sits in an abandoned quarry, roughly half the size of a football field. This represents just a slice of what was likely a massive forest system stretching from New York into Pennsylvania.</p>



<p>Charles Ver Straeten, curator of sedimentary rocks at the <a href="https://www.nysm.nysed.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">New York State Museum</a>, made the discovery in 2009. While scouting the former highway department property, his trained eye spotted wandering patterns in the stone that looked like marine features.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-revolutionary-age-and-preservation">Revolutionary age and preservation</h2>



<p>The site contains 385-million-year-old rocks with fossilized woody roots forming horizontal patterns up to 18 feet (5.5 meters) wide. As Christopher Berry, a paleobotanist at Cardiff University, explains: "You are walking through the roots of ancient trees."</p>



<p>This discovery pushes back advanced tree evolution by millions of years. The research, published in <em><a href="https://www.cell.com/current-biology/home" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Current Biology</a></em> in December 2019, fundamentally changes our understanding of when complex forests first emerged.</p>



<p>Researchers believe a massive flood buried the forest floor, creating perfect fossilization conditions. Over millions of years, sediment hardened into rock, preserving these root patterns like nature's time capsule.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-meet-archaeopteris-the-first-modern-tree">Meet <em>Archaeopteris</em>: the first modern tree</h2>



<p>The star of this ancient forest is <em>Archaeopteris</em> – not to be confused with the feathered dinosaur <em>Archaeopteryx</em>. This tree was far older and more revolutionary.</p>



<p>William Stein from <a href="https://www.binghamton.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Binghamton University</a> describes the roots as "strikingly modern, essentially what you'd see outside in my yard right now." These weren't simple root systems you'd expect from ancient plants.</p>



<p>Some fossilized roots are six inches (15 centimeters) in diameter, forming 36-foot-wide (11-meter) patterns. These giants grew up to 65 feet (20 meters) tall with five-foot-diameter (1.5-meter) trunks.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-climate-changing-impact">Climate-changing impact</h2>



<p>These trees fundamentally changed Earth's environment. Kevin Boyce, a Stanford University geoscientist, explains how their deep roots triggered "weathering," chemical reactions that pulled carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.</p>



<p>This process dropped atmospheric CO2 levels from 10-15 times higher than today to roughly modern concentrations. These ancient trees helped create atmospheric conditions that made complex life possible.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ancient-forest-ecosystem">Ancient forest ecosystem</h2>



<p>The forest was remarkably diverse. Scientists identified <em>Eospermatopteris</em>, palm tree-like plants with short roots that reached 30 feet (9 meters) tall but lacked woody structure. The forest also housed cladoxylopsids and a mysterious third species still being studied.</p>



<p>All reproduced through spores rather than seeds – millions of years before seeds evolved. This tropical environment had no grass, flowers, or flying insects, just towering trees creating Earth's first complex forest canopy.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-scientific-significance">Scientific significance</h2>



<p>Before this finding, the Gilboa forest, located 25 miles (40 kilometers) away, held the "oldest forest" title. Cairo's trees are 2-3 million years older, showing that complex forest ecosystems developed much faster than scientists believed possible.</p>



<p>Patricia Gensel, a <a href="https://www.unc.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of North Carolina</a> paleobotanist, notes: "The size of those root systems is really changing the picture. Even 20 years ago, researchers assumed trees with such complex root systems didn't evolve so early."</p>



<p>The Cairo site presents three unique root systems, suggesting Devonian period forests were diverse ecosystems with different trees occupying different environmental niches, much like today's forests.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-modern-preservation-efforts">Modern preservation efforts</h2>



<p>In 2022, New York State Senator Michelle Hinchey secured a $170,000 grant for the town of Cairo to construct specialized fencing around the fossil forest site. The town plans to conduct a feasibility study exploring the possibility of creating an educational center and working lab on-site.</p>



<p>Joe Hasenkopf, chair of the Cairo Planning Board, hopes to partner with educational institutions to create a research facility serving scientists, students, and the public.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-lessons-for-today-s-climate">Lessons for today's climate</h2>



<p>Why does a 385-million-year-old forest matter today? It shows how dramatically forests can change Earth's climate. These ancient woodlands created the atmospheric conditions supporting complex life.</p>



<p>Understanding how prehistoric forests transformed the planet helps us appreciate modern forests' critical role in addressing climate change. Forests remain Earth's most effective carbon capture systems.</p>



<p>These prehistoric trees changed Earth's atmosphere by pulling massive amounts of carbon dioxide from the air. As we face modern climate challenges, this ancient forest reminds us of trees' incredible power to transform our planet's environment.</p>



<p>The next time you walk through a forest, remember you're experiencing an ecosystem whose blueprint was established 385 million years ago in upstate New York. These ancient pioneers didn't just survive – they thrived and changed the world forever.</p>



<p>The full study was published in the journal <em>Current Biology</em>.</p>



<p>-----</p>



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<p>-----</p>

Earth's oldest forest found in the United States

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow3JH03PqEQ New York is the site of the world's oldest...

<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Veg4HmmRVZY
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Our bodies hits two 'aging cliffs' at these ages.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-scientists-map-exact-ages-when-your-body-rapidly-ages">Scientists Map Exact Ages When Your Body Rapidly Ages</h2>



<p>Scientists have <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/human-bodies-begin-breaking-down-two-very-precise-ages/#google_vignette">discovered that aging</a> isn't the gradual, steady process many assume it to be. Instead, researchers from Stanford Medicine have found that our bodies undergo dramatic molecular changes at two specific ages: 44 and 60. This research, published in Nature Aging, reveals that aging happens in sudden bursts rather than smooth transitions.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-two-waves-of-rapid-aging">Two waves of rapid aging</h2>



<p>The Stanford study tracked over 135,000 different molecules and microbes in 108 participants aged 25 to 75 over several years. Results showed that 81% of all molecules studied exhibited non-linear changes, meaning they shifted dramatically at certain ages rather than changing gradually over time.</p>



<p>Michael Snyder, chair of genetics at Stanford School of Medicine and the study's senior author, noted significant findings. "We're not just changing gradually over time; there are some really dramatic changes. It turns out the mid-40s is a time of dramatic change, as is the early 60s. And that's true no matter what class of molecules you look at."</p>



<p>The first wave of changes occurs around age 44, affecting molecules related to alcohol metabolism, caffeine processing, lipid <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/age-related-changes-in-metabolism-dont-match-our-expectations/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">metabolism</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/heart-disease-remains-the-leading-cause-of-death-worldwide/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cardiovascular disease</a>, and skin and muscle function. The second wave hits around age 60, involving changes in carbohydrate metabolism, immune regulation, kidney function, and again cardiovascular and muscle health.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-happens-during-these-aging-bursts">What happens during these aging bursts</h2>



<p>During the mid-40s transformation, researchers observed significant changes in how the body processes alcohol and fats. This period often coincides with increased stress levels in many people's lives, potentially contributing to lifestyle factors that accelerate these molecular shifts.</p>



<p>"It's possible some of these changes could be tied to lifestyle or behavioral factors that cluster at these age groups, rather than being driven by biological factors," Snyder explained. For instance, alcohol metabolism dysfunction might result from increased consumption during the typically stressful mid-40s period.</p>



<p>The changes at age 60 are perhaps less surprising, as this is when many age-related diseases begin to manifest more prominently. The molecular shifts affect immune function and kidney health, both critical for maintaining overall wellness as we enter our senior years.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-latest-research-confirms-aging-patterns">Latest research confirms aging patterns</h2>



<p>Recent 2025 studies have validated these findings. Research examining tissue samples from 76 people found similar aging patterns, noting an "inflection point" between ages 45 and 55.</p>



<p>Scientists discovered that blood vessels, particularly the aorta, age fastest among all body tissues. This vascular aging may drive aging in other body parts, highlighting cardiovascular health's central role in the aging process.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cellular-changes-and-microbiome-shifts">Cellular changes and microbiome shifts</h2>



<p>The Stanford research revealed that these aging bursts affect our microbiome – the trillions of bacteria, viruses, and fungi living in and on our bodies. These microbial communities undergo substantial shifts during both aging periods, potentially affecting everything from digestion to immune function.</p>



<p>Additionally, researchers found that protein production and gene expression begin to fall out of sync as we age. This breakdown in cellular communication becomes especially pronounced during the two aging waves, contributing to the accumulation of damaged proteins associated with diseases such as <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/alzheimers-may-not-be-brain-disorder-important-data-was-fabricated/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Alzheimer's</a>.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-health-implications-and-longevity-considerations">Health implications and longevity considerations</h2>



<p>Understanding these aging patterns has important implications for healthcare strategies. Research suggests that people should pay particular attention to their health during their 40s and 60s, when these dramatic molecular changes occur.</p>



<p>Snyder emphasized the importance of proactive health measures. "I'm a big believer that we should try to adjust our lifestyles while we're still healthy," he noted. This might include increasing exercise to protect heart health and maintain muscle mass, or reducing alcohol consumption in the 40s as the body's ability to metabolize it declines.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-new-approaches-to-anti-aging-treatment">New approaches to anti-aging treatment</h2>



<p>Aging research has seen notable advances in 2025. Harvard Medical School scientists developed chemical cocktails that reverse cellular aging without genetic modification. These six combinations restored aged cells to youthfulness in under a week, offering safer alternatives to gene therapy.</p>



<p>Researchers identified new biomarkers like "InflammAge," a saliva-based test measuring chronic inflammation associated with aging. This non-invasive approach could change how we monitor aging and intervention.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-future-directions-in-aging-research">Future directions in aging research</h2>



<p>Emerging technologies including artificial intelligence, cellular reprogramming, and senolytic therapies, are opening new possibilities for extending healthspan. Companies develop treatments targeting aging's fundamental mechanisms rather than just managing age-related diseases.</p>



<p>The Stanford findings provide a roadmap for implementing preventive measures. Rather than waiting for symptoms, people can prepare for and potentially mitigate these predictable aging waves.</p>



<p>As aging understanding evolves, one thing becomes clear: aging isn't inevitable decline, but specific biological events we may learn to prevent or reverse. The key is recognizing when these transitions occur and taking proactive health steps during vulnerable periods.</p>



<p>The study was published in the journal <em><a href="https://www.nature.com/nataging" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nature Aging</a></em>.</p>



<p>-----</p>



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<p>-----</p>

Scientists discover we age in bursts

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Veg4HmmRVZY Our bodies hits two 'aging cliffs' at these ages....

<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PqlF0XKzHY4
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The hidden science behind tickling.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-scientists-discover-the-brain-s-tickling-command-center">Scientists discover the brain's 'tickling command center'</h2>



<p>Researchers have finally solved one of humanity's most enduring mysteries: why we can't <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/after-centuries-of-debate-we-still-dont-know-how-tickling-works/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">tickle</a> ourselves and what makes some people incredibly ticklish while others barely react? Recent scientific discoveries are revolutionizing our understanding of this peculiar human behavior.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-breakthrough-discovery-in-the-brain">Breakthrough discovery in the brain</h2>



<p>In 2023, Dr. Michael Brecht's team at <a href="https://www.hu-berlin.de/en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Humboldt University</a>-<a href="https://www.hu-berlin.de/en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Berlin</a> made a major discovery published in the <a href="https://www.cell.com/iscience/fulltext/S2589-0042(22)01991-5" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">journal <em>Neuron</em></a>. They identified the brain's actual "tickling command center" – specific neurons in a region called the periaqueductal gray that control both tickling responses and play behavior.</p>



<p>When researchers used cutting-edge optogenetic technology to shut down these neurons in laboratory rats, something remarkable happened. The animals completely lost their ability to be tickled or engage in playful behavior.</p>



<p>"We found that global blockade of the rat periaqueductal gray with either muscimol or lidocaine interfered with ticklishness and play," the research team reported in their study.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-two-types-of-tickling-revealed">Two types of tickling revealed</h2>



<p>What we call "tickling" is two completely different phenomena, according to the latest research. Light tickling – that feathery sensation that makes you want to scratch – is essentially your body's sophisticated bug detection system. This alerts you to potential insects or parasites on your skin.</p>



<p>Deep tickling – the kind that makes you laugh uncontrollably – involves complex brain circuits and is fundamentally social. You literally cannot tickle yourself with this type of stimulation.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-why-self-tickling-is-impossible">Why self-tickling is impossible</h2>



<p>Your cerebellum acts like a prediction machine, recent findings show. When you move your own hand to touch yourself, your brain generates precise predictions about what you will feel and then cancels out the tickling sensation through neural inhibition.</p>



<p>When someone else tickles you, your brain can't predict their movements, so the full tickling response activates. It's like your brain's way of distinguishing between self and others.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-individual-differences-explained">Individual differences explained</h2>



<p>Individual differences in ticklishness depend on genetics, psychology, and even trust. Dr. Xinzhong Dong at <a href="https://www.jhu.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Johns Hopkins University</a> notes that people with denser nerve endings tend to be more sensitive.</p>



<p>Psychological factors matter just as much. You respond more strongly when tickled by people you trust, and anxiety completely shuts down tickling responses. This explains why the same physical stimulus can produce completely different reactions depending on who's doing the tickling.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-controlling-your-ticklishness">Controlling your ticklishness</h2>



<p>Science offers answers for controlling your ticklishness. You can reduce tickling sensitivity through systematic desensitization – gradual exposure in controlled settings.</p>



<p>Dr. Konstantina Kilteni's 2025 research, published in <em><a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adt0350" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Science Advances</a></em>, reveals another technique: place your hand on the tickler's hand. This allows your brain to partially predict the sensations, reducing the tickling response by up to 90 percent.</p>



<p>"Your brain is essentially learning to override its own reflexes," Kilteni explained in her review of tickling research.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-evolutionary-purpose-discovered">Evolutionary purpose discovered</h2>



<p>From an evolutionary perspective, tickling serves vital functions according to <a href="https://www.umd.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Maryland</a> researcher Dr. Robert Provine's extensive studies. It trains our defense reflexes for vulnerable body areas and facilitates social bonding between family members.</p>



<p>Tickling-induced laughter is actually one of the first forms of communication between infants and caregivers. "Tickle involves a neurological self/nonself discrimination, providing the most primitive social scenario," Provine noted in his research.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-clinical-applications-emerge">Clinical applications emerge</h2>



<p>Research shows people with autism spectrum disorder perceive touches as more ticklish than people without the condition. Investigating this difference could provide insight into brain differences and help advance autism research.</p>



<p>People with schizophrenia tend to experience self-touches similarly to external tickles, allowing them to essentially tickle themselves. This suggests altered sensory prediction mechanisms in the condition.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-animal-research-reveals-universal-nature">Animal research reveals universal nature</h2>



<p>Scientists have discovered that many species beyond humans are ticklish. Rats emit ultrasonic "laughs" when tickled, while chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans all respond to tickling stimulation.</p>



<p>This widespread occurrence across species suggests that tickling serves fundamental biological and social functions that evolved long before humans developed complex language and culture.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-future-research-directions">Future research directions</h2>



<p>Dr. Kilteni argues that tickling research deserves more scientific attention. "It is a complex interplay of motor, social, neurological, developmental, and evolutionary aspects," she stated in her recent review.</p>



<p>New haptic technologies and advanced research methodologies now permit scientists to investigate tickle sensation with unprecedented precision. Standardized experimental methods using mechanical tickling devices ensure consistent results across studies.</p>



<p>Recent findings published in <em>Science Advances</em> show that tickling research is opening new doors in neuroscience, potentially leading to a better understanding of social behavior, sensory processing, and neurological conditions.</p>



<p>-----</p>



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<p>-----</p>

Scientists solve the mystery of tickling

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PqlF0XKzHY4 The hidden science behind tickling. Scientists discover the brain's...

<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=elr4948_uOU
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Dr. Ronald Mallett from the University of Connecticut reveals secret mission to create working time travel device.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-could-an-equation-truly-bend-time-a-physicist-s-decades-long-quest-to-rewrite-reality">Could an equation truly bend time? A physicist's decades-long quest to rewrite reality</h2>



<p>Imagine the impossible: stepping back through time in a time machine, not in fantasy, but through a scientific endeavor driven by profound personal loss. For <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/astrophysicist-says-hes-cracked-the-equation-for-time-travel/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Dr. Ronald Mallett</a>, a distinguished astrophysicist and professor emeritus at the <a href="https://uconn.edu/">University of Connecticut</a>, this deeply human longing has fueled a lifelong mission. He claims to have discovered the equation that could unlock temporal displacement, pushing boundaries once deemed purely science fiction.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-profound-grief-that-forged-a-vision">A profound grief that forged a vision</h2>



<p>Mallett's extraordinary pursuit began with devastating tragedy in 1955. At merely 10 years old, he endured his father Boyd's sudden death—a television repairman whose passion for science had ignited a similar spark in his young son. Boyd Mallett, only 33, succumbed to a heart attack, leaving behind a grief-stricken child searching for solace.</p>



<p>That solace came through H.G. Wells' <em>The Time Machine</em>. Within its pages, Mallett found a captivating concept: "Time is only a kind of Space." These words transformed from a literary phrase into a guiding principle, becoming the driving force behind his unwavering commitment to unraveling time's fundamental mysteries.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-from-humble-beginnings-to-academic-heights">From humble beginnings to academic heights</h2>



<p>Mallett's journey was far from straightforward. After serving in the Air Force during the Vietnam War era, he utilized the GI Bill for higher education, earning his Ph.D. in physics from Pennsylvania State University in 1973 at the age of 28.</p>



<p>In 1975, he made history as the first African American professor in the University of Connecticut's physics department, achieving full professorship in 1987 before retiring in 2024 as professor emeritus.</p>



<p>Throughout these successful academic years, Mallett harbored his radical ambition as a closely guarded secret. "I kept my time travel goal a secret," he confessed. "I worried people would think I was nuts." His public research centered on black holes, serving as a "cover story" while he quietly developed his revolutionary time travel theory.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-breakthrough-moment">The breakthrough moment</h2>



<p>His pivotal insight arrived while hospitalized for a heart condition—a profound irony given his father's heart attack started this journey. The breakthrough was elegantly simple yet revolutionary: "If gravity can bend time, and light can create gravity, then light can bend time."</p>



<p>"It turns out that black holes can create a gravitational field that could lead to the creation of time loops that could allow us to go back in time," he explained.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-blueprint-for-a-temporal-vortex">The blueprint for a temporal vortex</h2>



<p>Mallett's vision for a functioning time machine replicates spacetime-warping phenomena around black holes. He offers a compelling analogy: "Picture a cup of coffee. Stir it with a spoon, and the coffee swirls. A spinning black hole does the same to spacetime."</p>



<p>In Einstein's general relativity, the universe is a dynamic fabric woven from space and time. Massive objects like black holes warp this fabric—an effect we perceive as gravity. Mallett theorizes that an intense, continuous, circulating beam of light from a ring of powerful lasers could replicate this gravitational torsion, effectively twisting time into a loop.</p>



<p>This "time loop" would theoretically allow information—or perhaps matter—to travel backward in time. He detailed this mathematical concept in his 2006 autobiography, <em>Time Traveler: A Scientist's Personal Mission to Make Time Travel a Reality</em>.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-published-research-and-recognition">Published research and recognition</h2>



<p>His work, published in respected journals including <em><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/physics-letters-a" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Physics Letters A</a></em> and <em><a href="https://link.springer.com/journal/10701" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundations of Physics</a></em>, suggests circulating laser light could generate gravitational fields potent enough to create closed timelike curves, enabling time travel for data.</p>



<p>Mallett's research has gained worldwide media attention, featured on <a href="https://www.thisamericanlife.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National Public Radio's <em>This American Life</em></a>, the <a href="https://www.history.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">History Channel</a>, and <a href="https://www.today.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NBC's <em>Today Show</em></a>. The widespread interest reflects both his compelling personal story and rigorous scientific approach.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-galactic-hurdles-and-persistent-skepticism">The galactic hurdles and persistent skepticism</h2>



<p>While Mallett's equations captivate imagination, the path to reality faces immense obstacles. The energy requirement is staggering—Mallett acknowledges needing "galactic amounts of energy," far beyond current technological capabilities.</p>



<p>There's also a poignant limitation: even if realized, his machine could only send information back to when it was first activated, meaning it couldn't transport him to 1955 to prevent his father's death.</p>



<p>The scientific community remains skeptical. Physicists Ken Olum and Allen Everett argue that Mallett's proposed laser ring would need to be larger than the observable universe to achieve the necessary spacetime distortion. They invoke Stephen Hawking's chronology protection conjecture, suggesting physics may prevent macroscopic time travel.</p>



<p>Astrophysicist Paul Sutter has voiced doubts about Mallett's underlying mathematics, while science writer Brian Clegg finds the concept intriguing enough to warrant experimental investigation.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-legacy-that-transcends-time">A legacy that transcends time</h2>



<p>Now approaching 80, Dr. Mallett remains steadfast. "I believe my work will show time travel is possible," he asserts. "Future generations will build on it in ways we can't yet imagine."</p>



<p>His equations, though yet to physically bend time, have bent our collective imagination. Ongoing public interest, evidenced by his continued media appearances and Spike Lee's film adaptation of his memoir, underscores his ideas' profound impact.</p>



<p>More than a scientific pursuit, Mallett's story testifies to human resilience, intellectual courage, and hope's enduring power. Whether his theoretical time machine ever materializes, his legacy is immeasurable—inspiring countless individuals to challenge conventional limits and perceive time not as an unyielding barrier, but as a boundless frontier awaiting exploration.</p>



<p></p>



<p>-----</p>



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<p>-----</p>

Retired professor claims he solved time travel

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=elr4948_uOU Dr. Ronald Mallett from the University of Connecticut reveals...

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prrq8Ql81zk
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Acid rain and a crisis solved.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-why-don-t-we-ever-hear-about-acid-rain-anymore-the-environmental-crisis-that-was-solved">Why don't we ever hear about "acid rain" anymore? The environmental crisis that was solved</h2>



<p>Remember the 1980s when acid rain dominated headlines? Dire warnings about rain eating buildings, killing fish, and destroying forests filled every news cycle. Then, almost like magic, acid rain vanished from public discourse. What happened? Did we actually solve one of the late 20th century's most pressing environmental challenges?</p>



<p>The answer might surprise you. Unlike many environmental issues that drag on indefinitely, acid rain represents one of modern history's most successful ecological recovery stories. It's a tale of science, politics, and technology working together to tackle what seemed impossible.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>What was acid rain?</strong></h2>



<p>Acid rain isn't regular rain having a bad day – it's precipitation that became significantly more acidic due to air pollution. When power plants, factories, and vehicles burn fossil fuels, they release sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) into the atmosphere.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>The science behind it</strong></h2>



<p>Think of acid rain as nature's chemistry experiment gone wrong. These compounds react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form sulfuric and nitric acids. When mixed with water vapor in clouds, they create precipitation with dangerously low pH levels.</p>



<p>While clean rain has a pH of about 5.6, acid rain could drop as low as 4.2 to 4.4 – roughly as acidic as tomato juice or coffee. According to US Geological Survey documentation, Scottish chemist Angus Smith first coined "acid rain" in 1872, but it didn't become a household phrase until the 1960s and 1970s when Swedish scientist Svante Odén documented its devastating effects on Scandinavian lakes and European forests.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>The crisis at its peak</strong></h2>



<p>During the height of public concern, environmental damage was both widespread and visible. This wasn't some abstract future threat – people could see destruction happening in real-time.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Environmental devastation</strong></h2>



<p>The most dramatic impacts were impossible to ignore. Research documented by the Adirondack Lakes Survey Corporation and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation shows that in the Adirondack Mountains, more than 200 lakes became so acidic they couldn't support fish life. The Adirondack Council reports that 409 lakes once supported brook trout, but many lost their fish populations due to acid rain.</p>



<p>By 1976, when scientists cataloged all acidified lakes in the Adirondack Park, researchers found that half of the lakes over 2,000 feet above sea level had no fish, according to studies published in environmental journals. The acidification process worked like a slow-motion disaster. As acid rain fell into watersheds, it gradually lowered pH levels. Fish couldn't survive in acidic water, and their food sources died off too.</p>



<p>Trees at high elevations showed stress directly linked to acid rain. It weakened them by leaching nutrients and making them susceptible to disease. Historical records show Germany's Black Forest saw nearly half its trees damaged by the mid-1980s.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Economic impact</strong></h2>



<p>Acid rain wasn't just environmental – it was expensive. Acidic precipitation corroded infrastructure, buildings, and monuments. Historic stone structures deteriorated at accelerated rates. Tourism suffered as lakes became fishless and forests declined. EPA economic analyses from the period documented repair costs mounting into billions annually.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>The solution: government action and technology</strong></h2>



<p>Transformation from crisis to success required unprecedented cooperation between governments, industries, and environmental groups.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>The Clean Air Act of 1990</strong></h2>



<p>The turning point came with the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, signed by President George H.W. Bush. This represented a fundamentally new approach to environmental regulation, as documented in EPA historical records.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Cap-and-trade success</strong></h2>



<p>Instead of mandating specific technologies, the 1990 amendments introduced something revolutionary: a cap-and-trade system for sulfur dioxide emissions. EPA program documentation shows this market-based approach set overall limits but allowed companies to trade emission allowances.</p>



<p>The genius was harnessing market forces to find cost-effective pollution reduction. Companies reducing emissions cheaply could sell excess allowances to those facing higher costs. Research published in environmental economics journals and EPA progress reports shows this resulted in dramatic SO2 reduction at a fraction of projected costs.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Technology advances</strong></h2>



<p>Policy provided the framework, but technology made reductions possible. Studies in atmospheric science journals document the widespread adoption of flue gas desulfurization systems ("scrubbers") that removed sulfur dioxide before it reached the atmosphere. By the 2000s, new installations could remove over 95% of SO2 emissions, according to EPA technical reports.</p>



<p>The push coincided with cleaner energy development. Natural gas produces fewer sulfur compounds than coal. Wind and solar, emerging in the 1990s, captured growing market share, reducing reliance on high-sulfur coal.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-why-we-don-t-hear-about-it-today"><strong>Why we don't hear about it today</strong></h2>



<p>Why did acid rain disappear from headlines? Simple: the problem was largely solved.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Success doesn't make news</strong></h2>



<p>There's an old journalism saying: "If it bleeds, it leads." Environmental success stories don't generate urgency like crisis reporting. Media attention shifted to other challenges: climate change, plastic pollution, and biodiversity loss. There's only so much environmental anxiety the public can absorb, and newer concerns replaced acid rain.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Mission accomplished</strong></h2>



<p>The primary reason is beautifully simple: interventions worked. EPA monitoring data shows sulfur dioxide emissions dropped over 90% since 1990. Academic research published in environmental science journals confirms pH levels in formerly affected areas returned closer to normal. This represents one of history's most dramatic environmental recoveries. Studies by the Adirondack Lakes Survey Corporation show fishless lakes now support healthy populations. Forests recovered, and building damage slowed dramatically.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-is-it-really-gone"><strong>Is it really gone?</strong></h2>



<p>The crisis is largely resolved, but monitoring data shows the problem isn't completely eliminated – it's managed to acceptable levels. Some areas still experience occasional events during high pollution periods. International environmental research indicates that rapidly industrializing Asian countries face similar problems to what we experienced decades ago, though they're implementing successful strategies.</p>



<p>EPA research shows nitrogen oxide emissions proved more challenging than sulfur dioxide, coming from vehicles and mobile sources. Climate science studies suggest changing weather patterns add complexity to how acid rain forms and falls.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>What this teaches us</strong></h2>



<p>The acid rain experience proves that seemingly intractable environmental problems can be solved with scientific understanding, political will, and technological innovation. Environmental monitoring data shows recovery speed was remarkable – within a decade, measurable improvements appeared in air quality and ecosystem health.</p>



<p>Success came from bipartisan support across party lines. Policy analysis studies show the market-based approach appealed to those preferring economic incentives while achieving environmental goals. This support created lasting policy surviving political changes.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Conclusion</strong></h2>



<p>Acid rain's disappearance from public consciousness represents environmental science's greatest success stories. Through effective regulation, technological innovation, and international cooperation, we transformed an overwhelming crisis into a manageable challenge.</p>



<p>Today's silence isn't because we forgot – it's because we solved it. The 1990 Clean Air Act, combined with technology and energy market changes, reduced acid rain emissions over 90%, according to comprehensive EPA data analysis.</p>



<p>This success offers hope for current challenges. It proves complex problems can be solved when science, policy, and technology work together. As we face climate change and plastic pollution, acid rain reminds us that dramatic positive change is possible.</p>



<p>Next time someone asks whether environmental regulations work, remember acid rain. It's proof that sometimes, we get it right.</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p><strong>Sources:</strong> <em>This article draws from EPA official documentation and progress reports, peer-reviewed research published in environmental and atmospheric science journals, historical data from the Adirondack Lakes Survey Corporation, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation records, US Geological Survey publications, policy analysis studies, and environmental monitoring data collected over three decades.</em></p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions</strong></h2>



<p><strong>1. Is acid rain completely gone?</strong> No, but EPA monitoring shows it's reduced to manageable levels. US sulfur dioxide emissions dropped over 90% since 1990, making acid rain much less severe than the 1980s crisis.</p>



<p><strong>2. How long did solving take?</strong> Environmental monitoring data shows significant improvements began within 5-10 years of 1990s emission controls. Full ecosystem recovery took longer – some areas need 20-30 years for complete recovery.</p>



<p><strong>3. What made the solution successful?</strong> Clear scientific understanding, visible damage motivating action, bipartisan support, available technology, and innovative market-based policies like cap-and-trade.</p>



<p><strong>4. Do other countries have acid rain problems?</strong> Yes, particularly rapidly industrializing Asian countries. However, international environmental research shows many implement similar successful control strategies.</p>



<p><strong>5. Could acid rain return?</strong> Potentially, if regulations weaken or we return to high-sulfur coal without controls, though effects would take years to become severe according to environmental projections.</p>



<p><strong>6. Can you recommend any teaching tools on the subject of "acid rain"?</strong> The United States Environmental Protection Agency produced a wonderful teacher's guide for ages 14 and under that you can find on the EPA website here: <a href="https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2017-03/documents/teachersguide.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2017-03/documents/teachersguide.pdf</a></p>



<p>-----</p>



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<p>-----</p>

The environmental problem we actually solved

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prrq8Ql81zk Acid rain and a crisis solved. Why don't we...

<p>Scientists are transforming chocolate into a functional food by infusing it with probiotics and prebiotics, aiming to create a treat that satisfies cravings while supporting gut health. </p>



<p>The challenge lies in maintaining chocolate's beloved texture and flavor while adding health benefits.</p>



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https://youtu.be/Ug657J67iEo?si=w96YjGMsg939LD_3
</div></figure>



<p>Probiotics - beneficial microbes that balance gut bacteria and aid digestion - are typically fragile and can be destroyed by stomach acid or processing. </p>



<p>Prebiotics act as food for these microbes, helping them thrive. Together, they form "synbiotics," a powerful health combination.</p>



<p>Researchers Smriti Gaur and Shubhi Singh from India's Jaypee Institute of Information Technology took an innovative approach, using natural prebiotics like corn and honey instead of complex processing methods. </p>



<p>They created five chocolate varieties: a control and four synbiotic versions containing different combinations of prebiotics, probiotics (Lactobacillus strains), and flavor enhancers (cinnamon or orange).</p>



<p>Laboratory simulations of human digestion showed the probiotics remained viable for over five hours, suggesting they could survive long enough to benefit gut health.</p>



<p>Taste tests were positive, with researchers particularly enjoying the orange-flavored variety, describing it as having "vibrant citrus notes" complementing the "rich cocoa" with a "luxurious" texture.</p>



<p>This research represents just the beginning. With further refinement of strains, textures, and flavors, chocolate could evolve beyond mere indulgence to become a functional food that nourishes while it delights.</p>



<p>The study is published in the journal <a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsfoodscitech.4c00741" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ACS Food Science &amp; Technology</a>.</p>

Is chocolate the next nutritional powerhouse?

Scientists are transforming chocolate into a functional food by infusing...

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<p>Today’s <strong>Video of the Day</strong> from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Nushagak Bay, a large estuary in southwest Alaska. Nushagak runs mainly north to south and exits in Bristol Bay, a large body of water in the Bering Sea.</p>



<p>"The bay is primarily fed by the Nushagak River, which begins in the Alaska Range and flows southwest approximately 450 km. The bay is also fed by several additional rivers including the Wood, Igushik, Snake and Weary rivers," says ESA.</p>



<p>"The dark colors of the Nushagak River are most likely due to tannins or lignins (chemical substances found in plants). Tannins and lignins from roots, leaves, seeds, bark and soil can leach into the water and give it a brown or even black colour. The sediments then flow southwards where it is mixed with the bluer waters of the bay."</p>



<p><em>Video/ Image Credit: ESA</em></p>



<p><em>-</em><em>--</em></p>



<p><em>By </em><a href="http://csexton@earth.com"><em>Chrissy Sexton</em></a><em>, </em><a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"><em>Earth.com</em></a><em> Staff Writer</em></p>

Nushagak Bay in southwest Alaska

[sendtonews key="0ynNMYkMKa-2340414-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

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<p>Today's <strong>Video of the Day</strong> from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> (ACS) reveals that proteins on flu viruses are actually flexible, tilting and waving in a “breath-like” motion. According to the experts, these proteins could be used to better defend against the flu.</p>



<p>"The main antigenic targets of influenza virus are two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Whereas the structural and dynamical properties of both glycoproteins have been studied previously, the understanding of their plasticity in the whole-virion context is fragmented," wrote the researchers.</p>



<p>To investigate, the team conducted detailed simulations of the influenza A H1N1 virion, or the swine flu. The experts concluded that the visualizations show many new vulnerable states of flu viruses, which could improve future vaccines and antiviral drugs.</p>



<p><em>Video/ Image Credit: American Chemical Society&nbsp;</em></p>



<p><em>-</em><em>--</em></p>



<p><em>By </em><a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com"><em>Chrissy Sexton</em></a><em>, </em><a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"><em>Earth.com</em></a><em> Editor</em></p>



<p>Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.</p>

Flu viruses are more flexible than expected

[sendtonews key="G9bUoxcjr4-2511624-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from the...

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<p>Today’s <strong>Video of the Day</strong> from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Lake Trasimeno, which is located west of Perugia in central Italy. It is the fourth largest lake in the country. While Trasimeno’s water level varies, it has a maximum depth of approximately six meters.&nbsp;</p>



<p>"In this Copernicus Sentinel-2 image, captured on 6 August 2022, the lake’s emerald green colour is likely due to the presence of phytoplankton. Streaks in the water, particularly visible in the west, indicate the presence of soil and sediments which have been stirred up by winds. Dark colored waters in the southern part of the lake indicate a presence of submerged and floating macrophytes (aquatic plants) as well as algae," says ESA.</p>



<p>"Surrounded by hills on three sides, Trasimeno is subject to heavy storms created by winds, especially from the north and west. There are three islets in the lake: Maggiore, Minore and Polvese (the largest). The lake’s shores are sparsely inhabited with only two popular villages: Castiglione del Lago and Passignano sul Trasimeno."</p>



<p>"Italy is experiencing its worst drought in 70 years which has affected drinking water supplies, hydroelectric power and agricultural production. High temperatures, hot winds and lack of rainfall are the main causes of drought in the Umbrian region which saw Lake Trasimeno’s drop 1.3 m, reaching the limit of the hydrometric zero in July 2022."</p>



<p><em>Video/Image Credit: ESA&nbsp;</em></p>



<p><em>-</em><em>--</em></p>



<p><em>By </em><a href="http://csexton@earth.com"><em>Chrissy Sexton</em></a><em>, </em><a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"><em>Earth.com</em></a><em> Staff Writer</em></p>

Lake Trasimeno in Central Italy

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<p>Today's <strong>Video of the Day</strong> from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> describes a new self-powered nanosensor that can instantly detect mercury contamination with the tap of a finger.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The oxidized form of mercury can be harmful when it is ingested through contaminated water or food. This makes it necessary for experts to develop sensors that can quickly and accurately detect the presence of mercury.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Zong-Hong Lin and colleagues have now created a triboelectric nanosensor (TENS) that can detect mercury by simply by touching a sample. According to the researchers, their TENS could serve as the basis for similar devices to safely and remotely monitor other pollutants.</p>



<p><em>Video Credit: American Chemical Society&nbsp;</em></p>



<p><em>-</em><em>--</em></p>



<p><em>By </em><a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com"><em>Chrissy Sexton</em></a><em>, </em><a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"><em>Earth.com</em></a><em> Editor</em></p>



<p>Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.</p>

Detecting mercury contamination with the tap of a finger

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<p>Today’s <strong>Video of the Day</strong> from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Kainji Lake, a reservoir on the Niger River.</p>



<p>In 1968, Kainji Lake was created by the construction of the Kainji Dam. The Niger River, the third longest in Africa, enters the lake in the north.&nbsp;</p>



<p>According to <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/rivers-in-the-american-west-are-a-lifesaving-resource-for-birds/">ESA</a>, the creation of the lake submerged Foge Island and the town of Bussa and permanently flooded other riverine settlements, leaving around 50,000 people displaced.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Large parts of Foge Island are temporarily exposed during low water tides, and the land is often used by migrating fishermen. Kainji Dam is a dam across the Niger River in Niger State of Central Nigeria. </p>



<p>Wild mammals occur at relatively low densities due to illegal hunting. Lake Kainji has suffered a dramatic decline as a fishery due to the high numbers of artisanal and subsistence fisherfolk using the lake. It has been suggested that a period of closure, together with controlled fishing rights may help improve fish stocks.</p>



<p>Kainji Lake National Park is the oldest of its kind in Nigeria. The park contains three distinct areas: a part of the Kainji Lake, the Borgu Game Reserve to the west of the lake, and the Zugurma Game Reserve to the southeast. The park is home to around 65 mammal species, 350 bird species, and 30 species of reptiles and amphibians. </p>



<p><em>Video/ Image Credit: European Space Agency&nbsp;</em></p>



<p><em>-</em><em>--</em></p>



<p><em>By </em><a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com"><em>Chrissy Sexton</em></a><em>, </em><a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"><em>Earth.com</em></a><em> Editor</em></p>



<p>Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.</p>

Kainji Lake in north central Nigeria

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