Food allergies have become increasingly common, affecting roughly one in 13 children, as reported by Food Allergy Research and Education (FARE). With such a rise, scientists continue to explore how maternal diets might influence allergy risk in infants. 



Recent research in Finland sheds light on a surprising connection between avocado consumption during pregnancy and reduced food allergy risk in infants.



A study involving 2,272 mother-child pairs, conducted over nearly a decade, uncovered a striking finding. Infants whose mothers consumed avocados during pregnancy had a 43.6% lower chance of developing food allergies by 12 months. 



The study accounted for <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/why-omega-3-deficiency-is-rising-worldwide/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">variables</a> such as maternal age, smoking status, and education - yet the link remained consistent.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-avocados-lower-allergy-risk">Avocados lower allergy risk</h2>



For years, researchers have explored how specific dietary patterns during pregnancy might influence infant allergy risk. However, individual foods like avocados have not received the same level of scrutiny. 



The Finnish study aimed to fill that gap. The team utilized an online food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess maternal avocado intake during the first and third trimesters. 



Participants who reported any avocado <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/food-production-more-difficult-climate-change-plant-pollinators/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">consumption</a> were classified as consumers, while those who did not became non-consumers.



The analysis revealed a significant contrast. Among non-consumers, 4.2% of infants developed food allergies. In comparison, only 2.4% of infants whose mothers consumed avocados experienced the same outcome.



The reduction in allergy risk remained significant even after adjusting for various maternal health factors .



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-avocado-research-offers-hope">Avocado research offers hope</h2>



“As a caregiver, the growing prevalence of food allergy feels very scary and out of my control,” said Sari Hantunen, senior lecturer at the <a href="https://www.uef.fi/en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Eastern Finland</a>.



“There is no cure for food allergy, but promising prevention and therapeutic strategies are in development as well as emerging research such as this."



”Based on these findings, it’s encouraging to know that eating avocados may provide even more value to maternal and children’s health, beyond the benefits that have already been established through scientific research.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-tracking-avocado-and-allergy">Tracking avocado and allergy</h2>



The Kuopio Birth Cohort (KuBiCo) provided a rich dataset for analysis. Researchers recruited pregnant women during routine first-trimester appointments at <a href="https://pshyvinvointialue.fi/web/en/kuopio-university-hospital" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Kuopio University Hospital</a>. Data collection continued until November 2022, capturing dietary intake throughout the first and third trimesters.



Mothers completed FFQs that detailed food consumption over the past three months. The FFQ specifically assessed avocado intake, classifying participants as consumers or non-consumers.



After birth, researchers tracked infants to assess allergic outcomes, including <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/new-therapy-may-help-reduce-peanut-allergies-in-children/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">food</a> allergies, eczema, rhinitis, and wheezing. Even after adjusting for variables like maternal age, smoking, and breastfeeding duration, the data maintained its significance. 



Infants of non-consumers showed a 4.2% allergy rate, while those of avocado consumers showed a 2.4% rate .



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-who-choose-avocados">Who choose avocados?</h2>



Avocado consumers shared common traits that distinguished them from non-consumers. They tended to be older and more educated. They also reported longer breastfeeding durations and higher diet quality scores.



These women generally had lower BMI levels in the first trimester and were less likely to undergo caesarean deliveries. Researchers noted that these trends might reflect broader health-conscious behaviors rather than avocado <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/ai-is-transforming-pollen-science-and-health-planning/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">consumption</a> alone .



Avocados pack essential nutrients that may benefit both maternal and infant health. Each serving provides 9.25 grams of dietary fiber, supporting gut health and potentially influencing immune responses.



Additionally, avocados contain 2.6 mg of vitamin E, an antioxidant linked to immune function, and 0.93 mg of zinc, which plays a role in immune development. Lutein, a carotenoid crucial for eye health, also features prominently in avocados.



The nutrient profile aligns well with dietary patterns like the Mediterranean diet, previously associated with lower allergy risks in offspring. While the study focused solely on avocados, researchers suggest that other nutrient-dense foods may offer similar protective effects .



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-consuming-avocados-for-allergy-prevention">Consuming avocados for allergy prevention</h2>



The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that pregnant women consume 2 ½ to 3 ½ cups of vegetables daily. Avocados, with their nutrient density, count as a full cup per serving.



For toddlers aged 12-23 months, the guidelines suggest 2/3 to 1 cup of vegetables each day. With its rich nutrient profile, a single avocado serves as a practical choice to meet these recommendations without the need for supplements.



Despite the promising findings, the study did not identify any significant links between avocado consumption and other allergic conditions like rhinitis, eczema, or wheezing. 



The focus on food allergies yielded notable results, but the other conditions showed no significant differences between consumers and non-consumers.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-expanding-the-research">Expanding the research</h2>



The researchers caution against overgeneralizing the findings. While avocados may contribute to reduced food allergy risk, the mechanisms remain unclear. 



Further studies could clarify whether specific nutrients within avocados influence immune development and whether similar effects extend to other foods .



The study opens doors for future research that could extend beyond infancy. Tracking infants beyond the first year of life may provide insights into how early dietary exposures shape allergy risk throughout childhood.



Additionally, examining other nutrient-dense foods with similar profiles, such as nuts, seeds, or leafy greens, could help determine whether the observed effects result from specific nutrients or broader dietary patterns. 



Understanding these connections could refine dietary recommendations for pregnant women, offering clearer guidance on foods that may reduce allergy risk in infants.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-nutritional-choice-with-potential">A nutritional choice with potential</h2>



As food allergies continue to rise, identifying preventive strategies during pregnancy remains a critical focus. This Finnish study suggests that avocados, with their nutrient-rich profile, may play a role in reducing food allergy risk in infants.



While the study does not establish causality, it highlights the potential impact of nutrient-dense foods during pregnancy - a time when maternal diet can leave lasting imprints on infant health. 



Further research will clarify whether these findings hold across diverse populations and whether other foods offer similar benefits.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-025-03968-4" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Pediatric Research</a>.



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Eating avocados during pregnancy reduces baby's allergy risk

Food allergies have become increasingly common, affecting roughly one in 13 children, as reported by Food Allergy Research and Education (FARE). With such a rise, scientists continue to explore how maternal diets might influence allergy risk in infants. Recent research in Finland sheds light on a surprising connection between avocado consumption during pregnancy and reduced food allergy risk in infants. A study involving 2,272 mother-child pairs, conducted over nearly a decade, uncovered a striking finding. Infants whose mothers consumed avocados during pregnancy had a 43.6% lower chance...

Young,Woman,Drinking,From,A,Bottle,With,Stationary,Plastic,Cap.

Have you ever taken a moment to consider the plastic items in your close vicinity? Plastic objects are quite ubiquitous, fulfilling various roles; from the bags we fill with food supplies to the water bottles we use to maintain our hydration. 



However, there could be more to these everyday items than just their utility and environmental concerns.



Hot on the trail of this fascinating research is a team from the Department of Medicine at <a href="https://www.dp-uni.ac.at" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Danube Private University</a> in Austria. 



Their recent investigations suggest that the ordinary habit of drinking water from plastic bottles could be a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/microplastics-found-in-every-semen-sample-tested/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">contributor to a concerning health issue</a> – high blood pressure.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-invisible-threats-in-plastic-bottles">Invisible threats in plastic bottles</h2>



It turns out that microplastics from our bottles could gain access to our bloodstream, leading to a rise in our blood pressure levels. 



The surprise doesn't end here. These microplastics aren't exclusive to plastic containers; they've been detected in glass bottles as well.



As the study progressed, the researchers observed a drop in blood pressure when the participants switched from drinking from both glass and plastic bottles to consuming tap water. 



This revelation makes us question the indirect yet serious health threats posed by these microplastics. After all, high blood pressure is a primary contributor to heart diseases.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-understanding-microplastics">Understanding microplastics</h2>



Microplastics -- tiny plastic particles measuring less than 5mm -- are infiltrating our daily lives more than we might realize. These particles stem from various sources, including the wear and tear of car tires, the breakdown of larger plastic waste, and even the washing of synthetic clothing. 



Alarmingly, these minuscule plastics are making their way into our food, water, and the air we breathe, leading to unintentional ingestion and inhalation regularly.



The implications of microplastics on human health are still somewhat unclear; however, preliminary research raises significant red flags. Studies have detected microplastics in our bloodstream, organs, and even in the placenta of unborn babies. 



This prompts us to ask: what are the potential health risks? 



Concerns include inflammation, hormonal disruption, and other complications. While the long-term effects remain largely unknown, the idea that we may be becoming repositories for plastic is indeed troubling.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-navigating-the-plastics-maze">Navigating the plastics maze</h2>



"We concluded, after extensive research, that beverages packaged in plastic bottles should be avoided," warns the Austrian team. They discovered significant patterns as they navigated the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/microplastics-linked-to-risk-of-stroke-and-heart-attack/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">complexities of plastics</a>. 



A decrease in plastic usage, they found, could potentially lower blood pressure due to a reduction in the number of plastic particles in the bloodstream. The implications of this discovery are not just significant; they could be a matter of life and death.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-microplastics-in-plastic-bottles">Microplastics in plastic bottles</h2>



Microplastics are tiny fragments of plastic typically resulting from the breakdown of plastic due to exposure to UV rays or physical friction. 



These tiny particles are present everywhere – in our saliva, heart tissue, liver, kidneys, and even the placenta. Numerous studies have reported high levels of microplastics in bottled water.



The study suggests that these microplastics could be a hidden trigger for cardiovascular risks. "The changes we observed in blood pressure suggest that reducing the intake of plastic particles could lower cardiovascular risk," noted the researchers.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-tap-water-vs-bottled-water">Tap water vs. bottled water</h2>



For the investigation, the scientists asked eight volunteers to fulfill their daily fluid needs from tap water, steering clear of any drinks from plastic or glass bottles.



The results were quite eye-opening, showing a significant decline in diastolic blood pressure – the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats - after two weeks.



Simply put, their findings propose that "plastic particles present in the bloodstream could contribute to increased blood pressure."



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-wider-impact-of-microplastic-exposure">Wider impact of microplastic exposure</h2>



As we probe into the effects of microplastic exposure, it becomes increasingly clear that the issue isn't limited to hypertension. 



The emerging body of research indicates that these tiny particles could impact other bodily systems as well. The potential for microplastics to disrupt endocrine functions, incite inflammation, and induce oxidative stress are <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/human-microplastic-ingestion-levels-mapped-across-109-countries/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">serious worries</a> for our overall health. 



These reactions trigger a series of biological processes that can exacerbate existing conditions or even kickstart new health problems, which emphasizes the urgent need for further research into the effects of plastic consumption on human physiology.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-rethinking-our-bond-with-plastics">Rethinking our bond with plastics</h2>



The insights unveiled by the Austrian team's innovative research call for a critical reassessment of our reliance on plastic products, especially in how we consume beverages. 



Individuals are encouraged to consider eco-friendly alternatives to plastic packaging, such as stainless steel or glass containers, which, apart from preserving taste and quality, also promote a healthier lifestyle. 



Policymakers can also play a crucial role by driving educational campaigns about plastic pollution, backing laws that curb plastic production, and promoting recycling efforts. 



The time has come to reconsider our dependence on plastics and its <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/microplastics-migrate-from-the-gut-to-other-organs/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">plausible effects on our health</a>. The convenience we hold dear might be coming at a high cost. So, the next time you reach out for that plastic or glass bottled drink, bear in mind: tap water might be a healthier option.



The full study was published in the journal <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8929/3/3/26" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Microplastics</a>.



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Plastic bottles linked to high blood pressure

Have you ever taken a moment to consider the plastic...

Cocaine has long been known to hijack the brain's natural reward system, but the precise mechanism of its power has remained elusive - until now.



The hidden depths of our brains, driven by the dopamine "feel-good" hormone, hold the key to our deepest desires and motivations. 



However, when this delicate balance is disrupted by potent drugs like cocaine, the brain's ability to regulate pleasure is thrown into chaos. 



A critical component in this process is the dopamine transporter (DAT), a protein that usually ensures not every experience is perceived as pleasurable. 



Thanks to research from the <a href="https://www.ku.dk/english/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Copenhagen</a>, we now have a clearer understanding of how cocaine interferes with this crucial mechanism, providing new insights that could lead to effective treatments for substance abuse.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-breakthrough-discovery-on-cocaine">Breakthrough discovery on cocaine</h2>



Previously a mysterious process, the Copenhagen team has revealed more about how cocaine interacts with the brain's dopamine transporters.



The researchers found that cocaine majorly disrupts this sensitive mechanism, causing the brain to lose control over regulating <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/dopamine-regulates-both-learning-and-motivation/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">dopamine levels</a>.



"We have learned how cocaine binds to the dopamine transporter, which is a protein responsible for regulating dopamine levels in the brain," explained lead scientist and PhD student Jeppe Cederholm Nielsen.



"What we did was describe the structure of the dopamine transporter, which gave us molecular-level insight into how it is inhibited by cocaine."



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-pleasure-deception-of-cocaine">The pleasure deception of cocaine</h2>



Disruption of the DAT leads to an unusual situation where every activity seems pleasing. Cocaine doesn't cause the brain to release more <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/dopamine-helps-us-understand-ourselves-and-others/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">dopamine</a>; it halts the brain's ability to regulate and remove the neurotransmitter, creating a skewed perception of pleasure.



"When cocaine blocks the dopamine transporter, dopamine will continue to stimulate the reward center - even though the experience itself is not particularly pleasurable," explained Professor Claus Løland.



"In other words, we become incapable of distinguishing between what is truly pleasurable and what is not, and then all types of input given by our senses will seem great. You could say that cocaine tricks the brain. It is a form of chemical brainwashing.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-seeing-the-unseen">Seeing the unseen </h2>



In order to grasp cocaine's <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/cannabis-use-may-negatively-impact-brain-health/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">impact on the brain</a>, the team utilized the most powerful microscope in the world to study the infinitesimal dopamine transporter. 



Their efforts provided a breakthrough understanding of how cocaine binds with and disrupts this protein.



"These proteins are so tiny that they are invisible under a microscope – even this extremely powerful microscope. But we used a couple of tricks to work around this and make them visible," noted Nielsen.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-hope-for-substance-abuse-treatment">Hope for substance abuse treatment</h2>



With no current treatment for cocaine abuse, this research instils hope for the development of measures to combat addiction. The ultimate goal is to provide <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/psychoactive-drug-relieves-symptoms-of-traumatic-brain-injury/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">medical treatment</a> for cocaine abuse – a daunting task, considering how addictive and accessible cocaine has become.



"We have dreams of finding a medical treatment for cocaine abuse. It's one of the most addictive substances out there, and it's becoming more and more affordable,” said Professor Løland.



The team's newfound knowledge about the dopamine transporter could prove invaluable in understanding and treating addiction more broadly.



“Perhaps we will be able to treat addiction to a number of things, not just cocaine. For instance, addiction to gambling or other substances, which is also caused by a release of dopamine into the brain," noted Professor Løland.



In the fight against addiction, this research offers hope. With the right tools, we might one day be able to help countless individuals break free from the shackles of addiction.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-from-research-to-real-world-applications">From research to real-world applications</h2>



As promising as this research is, translating molecular insights into effective treatments is no small feat. There are numerous stages involved in drug development, including extensive testing for safety and efficacy in humans.



The researchers emphasized that while their findings are a critical first step, collaboration with pharmacologists and clinicians will be essential to bridge the gap between laboratory discoveries and real-world applications.



The hope is that this research will spur new clinical trials focused on targeted therapies that can modulate dopamine transporter function, potentially leading to successful interventions for those struggling with cocaine addiction as well as other <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/dopamine-plays-an-unexpected-role-in-movement-and-parkinsons-disease/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">dopamine-related disorders</a>. 



By fostering a comprehensive understanding of addiction mechanisms, this innovative research may ultimately pave the way for more effective addiction management strategies.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07804-3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nature</a>.



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How cocaine tricks and hijacks the brain

Cocaine has long been known to hijack the brain's natural...

Happiness is an omnipresent quest, an ever-elusive goal that many strive to achieve throughout life. But what if we are judging our happiness too much?



The <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/what-is-the-path-to-happiness-the-science-is-still-not-clear/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">pursuit of happiness</a> is often seen as the holy grail of a meaningful life, yet this quest could potentially be a double-edged sword, leading to unintended consequences.



New research published by the <a href="https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2024/08/judging-your-happiness" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">American Psychological Association</a> suggests that constantly measuring and evaluating your own happiness could cause it to wither away, negatively impacting overall life satisfaction and psychological well-being.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-hidden-costs-of-judging-personal-happiness">Hidden costs of judging personal happiness</h2>



For their investigation, the researchers conducted three experiments involving more than 1,800 participants.



The results of the analysis showed that having concerns or judgments about one's level of happiness was associated with lower well-being, partly due to increased negativity and disappointment about positive events.



Lead researcher Felicia Zerwas, PhD, was a doctoral student at the <a href="https://www.berkeley.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of California-Berkeley</a> during this research and is now a postdoctoral researcher at <a href="https://www.nyu.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">New York University</a>.



Zerwas explained that thinking too much about one's own happiness might relate to fears of not measuring up or not being as happy as others.



"There are plenty of societal pressures, at least within the United States, which encourage the fallacy that people must feel happy all of the time to achieve greater well-being," she noted.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-social-constraint-of-constant-joy">The social constraint of constant joy</h2>



In many societies, as Zerwas noted, there is an overwhelming amount of pressure to maintain constant happiness as a key to life satisfaction. However, the study's findings suggest otherwise.



Zerwas emphasized that allowing yourself to experience and accept your <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/mixed-emotions-linked-to-unique-brain-activity/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">emotions</a>, whether they are positive or negative, could be a useful tool in the pursuit of happiness and well-being.



Contrary to some previous studies, the current research found that simply viewing happiness as an essential goal did not negatively affect well-being. Instead, the issue emerged in the judgment of one's own happiness.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-focus-of-the-research">Focus of the research </h2>



The study included diverse samples of participants, such as students from <a href="https://www.yale.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Yale University</a>, community members from Denver and Berkeley, California, and online participants from across the United States and Canada. 



The participants were asked detailed questions about their beliefs regarding happiness and their overall psychological <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/world-environment-day-the-critical-role-of-nature-in-human-well-being/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">well-being</a>.



Those who were particularly concerned about their own level of happiness demonstrated significantly lower overall life satisfaction, poorer psychological well-being, and greater depressive symptoms. 



Moreover, these individuals exhibited more negativity towards positive experiences, highlighting the detrimental effects of excessive self-judgment and high expectations on personal joy.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-double-edged-sword-of-judging-happiness">The double-edged sword of judging happiness</h2>



In light of these findings, cultivating authenticity in our emotional experiences is crucial. 



The pressure to project constant happiness can disconnect us from our true feelings and distort self-perception. Instead of striving for an idealized version of happiness, we should embrace our authentic selves, acknowledging both the highs and lows of our emotions.



Practicing authenticity fosters a deeper understanding of our emotions and builds <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/resilience-is-surprisingly-linked-to-gut-and-brain-health/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">resilience</a>. Experiencing a full spectrum of emotions, including discomfort and sadness, as natural parts of life can enhance overall well-being by allowing genuine responses without self-judgment.



Cultivating a supportive social environment is also essential. Surrounding ourselves with individuals who value emotional honesty can help mitigate societal pressures. Open conversations about <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/spending-67-minutes-daily-outdoors-boosts-mental-health/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">mental health</a> and emotional struggles normalize varying emotional states, reminding us we are not alone.



Ultimately, the pursuit of happiness should be a fluid journey guided by self-acceptance and understanding. Embracing authenticity and fostering a supportive community allows us to navigate our emotional lives with grace, finding fulfillment in the richness of our shared human experience.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-mindfulness-as-a-path-to-well-being">Mindfulness as a path to well-being</h2>



In addition to embracing authenticity, integrating mindfulness practices into our daily lives can further enhance our emotional well-being and life satisfaction.



Mindfulness encourages us to be present in the moment, allowing us to experience our emotions without judgment. This practice can help us manage stress, improve focus, and find a sense of inner peace.



By combining mindfulness with authenticity, we can develop a more holistic approach to our emotional health, leading to a more balanced and fulfilling life.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/emo" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Emotion</a>. 



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Judging your happiness makes you less happy

Happiness is an omnipresent quest, an ever-elusive goal that many...

Life can sure feel heavy at times, right? But what if a diet change could lighten that load? Recent findings from a diligent team at <a href="https://www.binghamton.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Binghamton University</a>, State University of New York (<a href="https://www.suny.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">SUNY</a>) suggests that Mediterranean diet reduces perceived stress, promoting mental and physical health.



This isn't some casual presumption. It's a conclusion drawn from a meticulously conducted comparison of Mediterranean and Western diets and their impact on stress perceptions.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-mediterranean-diet-for-stress">Mediterranean diet for stress</h2>



Driving this exploration is Lina Begdache, an esteemed associate professor of health and wellness studies at Binghamton University. She's been deeply invested in uncovering the effects of various elements on our wellbeing, particularly our mental health.



Begdache and her team delved into whether embracing a Mediterranean diet – plates brimming with fruits, veggies, whole grains, and healthful fats – could alter how people perceive their stress. 



The researchers found that consuming Mediterranean diet staples is tied to lower levels of perceived stress and mental distress.



This Mediterranean approach isn't all about chowing down; it represents a balanced lifestyle teeming with variety and top-notch nourishment. In stark contrast stands the typical Western diet, laden with processed and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/unhealthy-diet-leaves-brain-feeling-foggy-frazzled-sad/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">high-glycemic foods</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-diet-stress-nexus">Diet-stress nexus</h2>



Stress is a global experience, isn't it? However, your perception of stress can significantly affect your mental and physical health.



“Stress is recognized to be a precursor to mental distress, and research, including our own, has demonstrated that the Mediterranean diet lowers mental distress,” Begdache said. 



“Thus, one element of the puzzle may be explained by the fact that the Mediterranean diet may be associated with a decrease in the negative components of perceived stress and an <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/mediterranean-diet-keeps-the-brain-sharp-even-in-old-age/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">improvement in its positive attributes</a>.”&nbsp;&nbsp;



How did Begdache and her team arrive at this conclusion? They conducted a survey with over 1,500 participants, probing their food habits and measuring their stress levels. 



Post crunching the data with a machine learning model, it became evident that the components of the Mediterranean diet were associated with lower stress and mental distress levels. Conversely, the typical Western diet seemed to be tied to heightened stress and mental distress experiences.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-adopting-a-balanced-lifestyle">Adopting a balanced lifestyle</h2>



Embracing the Mediterranean diet doesn't just dampen stress - it's linked to a smorgasbord of health perks. Research suggests this diet can minimize the risk of chronic diseases like heart conditions, diabetes, and certain cancers.



Additionally, the focus on whole foods and healthy fats boosts cognitive functioning, potentially lowering depression risks. By remolding our diet, we can cultivate a lifestyle that champions physical and mental well-being, creating a sturdy foundation for <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/mediterranean-diet-may-be-a-fountain-of-youth-for-women/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">comprehensive health</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-pivot-to-the-mediterranean-diet">Pivot to the Mediterranean diet</h2>



Shifting to the Mediterranean diet does not have to be overwhelming. You can start by including more fruits and vegetables in your meals; aim for an array of colorful produce.



Opt for whole grains like quinoa, barley, and brown rice over refined versions. Infuse healthy fats, such as olive oil, nuts, and avocados, while cutting down on processed foods and sugars. 



Play with herbs and spices for flavor in lieu of salt, and remember to share your joyful meals with loved ones. These manageable steps can drive you towards a healthier lifestyle and possibly curtail stress in the bargain.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-does-food-affect-our-stress-levels">How does food affect our stress levels?</h2>



Begdache noted that this study bridges a vital gap in the field. Although plenty of studies scrutinize how stress influences our dietary choices, scant research investigates how food can affect our stress levels.



Her team continues to probe various aspects of brain function, behaviors, and dietary trends, eager to unearth more correlations and health advantages.



The next time you're drawn to a doughnut or a packet of chips in a stressful moment, why not consider a fresh fruit salad or a handful of nuts instead? 



Switching from a Western diet to a Mediterranean approach might be just the trick to managing stress more effectively. Isn't it heartening to realize that your next meal could be a stride towards a less stressful existence?



Remember, stress does not have to rule your life. So, are you primed for a dietary shift to lead a healthier, more cheerful life? The decision is entirely up to you.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/02601060241263375" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nutrition and Health</a>.



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Mediterranean diet: A delicious way to manage stress

Life can sure feel heavy at times, right? But what...

If you could live to a ripe old age, but with a youthful spring in your step, would you take the chance? Researchers are now turning that fantasy into a reality. They've devised a treatment for aging that doesn't just add years to your life -- it adds life to your years.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-longer-life-but-at-what-cost">Longer life, but at what cost?</h2>



It's a fact of modern life: we're all living longer. Thanks to advancements in medicine and public health, human lifespans have grown incredibly over the last century. 



But there's a catch. These extra years don't always come with good health. Chronic illnesses such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease often become unwelcome companions in later life, followed by frailty. 



Most interventions focus on <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/new-anti-aging-drug-interleukin-11-boosts-lifespan-prevents-cancer-gray-hair/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">prolonging life</a>, but not necessarily good health, leading to a significant health decline in the last decade of life. In short, no one wants to spend their added years in decrepitude.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-new-treatment-promises-healthy-aging">New treatment promises healthy aging</h2>



But what if that feeble decline isn't our fate? In their research, published in the August issue of Cell Metabolism, <a href="https://medicine.uconn.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Connecticut School of Medicine</a> gerontologist, Dr. Ming Xu, and his team have shown that this doesn't have to be the case.



Their breakthrough? A new treatment that allowed a group of mice to live 9% longer with monthly treatments -- that's about 79 extra days of energy-filled life for our furry friends.



The treatment involved targeting and removing inflammatory cells from the body.&nbsp;These cells <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/losing-loved-ones-can-speed-up-biological-aging/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">contribute to aging</a> and age-related diseases.&nbsp;By eliminating them, researchers were able to extend lifespan and improve overall health.



But the real success wasn't just the extension of life; it was the vitality that came with it. The treated mice showed impressive strength, maintaining their grip and walking speed up to the very end of their lives. 



In human terms, that's like an 80-year-old running around like they've found the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/harvard-scientists-fountain-of-youth-pill-sparks-controversy/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">fountain of youth</a>!



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-the-aging-treatment-works">How the aging treatment works</h2>



What sets this research apart is the record-keeping and aging measurements carried out. In contrast to most experiments that select a specific end point in time and measure the effect of the treatment then, Dr. Ming Xu and his collaborators embarked on a longitudinal study. 



They tracked the health, grip strength, and walking speed of the mice from the time they were 20 months old (about 60 in human years) until their death. 



This approach allowed them to assess the physical function and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/the-secret-ingredient-to-healthy-aging-your-midlife-diet/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">overall health</a> changes of each mouse throughout the entire treatment period. 



And here's the exciting part: even though the treated mice were older at their time of death, their physical function and overall frailty were better than the untreated controls. 



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-very-successful-in-mice">Very successful in mice</h2>



"We are all very excited about this finding," says Dr. Xu. "It demonstrates that we not only extend the lifespan, but indeed extend life with good health in mice, which is a key goal for the aging field."



While the findings from UConn are undoubtedly exciting, further research is necessary to bridge the gap between animal studies and human application. 



Future studies must explore various variables such as dosage, treatment duration, and the effects of this intervention across different ages and genetic backgrounds.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-future-aging-treatments">Future aging treatments</h2>



The research involved two groups of mice. One received monthly treatments to remove highly inflammatory cells from their tissues, and the other group, kept as a control, did not. 



The cells targeted for removal were those actively expressing a specific gene known as p21. The oldest treated mice lived to be 43 months old -- equivalent to about 130 years in human terms. 



The average treated mouse, meanwhile, lived longer and healthier than an average untreated mouse.



Now, the real question is, can this translate to humans? If it can, it would mean 8 to 10 additional years of healthy old age. 



It's an exciting prospect in the field of aging, and the researchers are currently exploring ways to bring their results to our lives.



Innovative scientific studies like this one give us hope for the future -- hope for a future where aging doesn't equate to frailty, where we can live longer, healthier, and fuller lives.



This intriguing research was primarily supported by the NIH <a href="https://www.nia.nih.gov" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National Institute on Aging</a>, American Federation for Aging Research (<a href="https://www.afar.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">AFAR</a>), and <a href="https://hevolution.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Hevolution Foundation</a>.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/home" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Cell Metabolism</a>.



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Monthly aging treatment aims to help you live long and die healthy

If you could live to a ripe old age, but...

As we step into a new decade, it's high time we zoom into our children's <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/feeding-children-healthy-diets-can-be-very-challenging/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">diet</a>, especially their sugary drink intake. Researchers have uncovered a startling fact: children are consuming 23% more sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) now than they did back in 1990.



Behind this significant research is an expert team that vigorously collected and analyzed global dietary data. The team was led by an eminent scientist who is dedicated to understanding dietary patterns and their influence on our health.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-children-consuming-sugary-drinks">Children consuming sugary drinks</h2>



“Sugary beverages increase weight gain and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/dads-diets-have-a-direct-impact-on-childhood-obesity-rates/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">risk of obesity</a>, so even though kids don’t often develop diabetes or cardiovascular disease when they are young, there could be significant impacts later in life,” said first author&nbsp;<a href="https://depts.washington.edu/healthms/people/laura-lara-castor/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Laura Lara-Castor</a>, a recent graduate of the Friedman School and now a postdoctoral scholar at the <a href="https://www.washington.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Washington</a>. 



“This study highlights the need for targeted education and policy interventions to change behavior early on and prevent the adverse outcomes associated with sugar-sweetened beverage intake in childhood.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-alarming-numbers">Alarming numbers</h2>



The numbers are indeed chilling. Globally, our children and teenagers are drinking these sugary drinks more and more, showing an average increase of 23% from 1990 to 2018. This trend mirrors a rise in obesity among young individuals in the same period.



Sugary drinks aren't just limited to the traditional soft drinks, they're also those deceptive fruit drinks, energy drinks, punch, and lemonade. Any beverage with added sugars and at least 50 kcal per serving is considered an SSB.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-childrens-sugary-drink-intake-by-region">Childrens' sugary drink intake by region</h2>



When we dive into the geographical details, an interesting picture emerges. Sub-Saharan Africa witnessed the largest increase with an additional 2.17 servings per week.



On the other side of the spectrum, South Asia has the least weekly intake of 1.3 servings. The highest intake? Latin America and the Caribbean, averaging around 9.1 servings.



The study also sheds light on the urban-rural divide. It reveals that children and adolescents who live in cities consume more SSBs than their rural counterparts. Further, the intake is higher among children of parents with higher education levels.



“Our findings should raise alarm bells in nearly every nation worldwide,” said senior author&nbsp;Dariush Mozaffarian, Jean Mayer Professor of Nutrition and director of the&nbsp;<a href="https://tuftsfoodismedicine.org/">Food is Medicine Institute</a>&nbsp;at the Friedman School. “The intakes and trends we’re seeing pose a significant threat to public health, one we can and must address for the future of a healthier population.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-role-of-education">The role of education</h2>



Education is vital in influencing children's dietary choices. Studies show that <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/natural-sugar-sources-are-key-to-preventing-childhood-obesity/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">comprehensive nutrition education</a> leads to healthier beverage choices among kids. 



By informing children and their guardians about the impacts of sugar-sweetened beverages, schools and communities can foster healthier lifestyles from an early age.



To combat the rising consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, effective policy interventions are needed at local and national levels. 



Strategies like taxing sugary drinks, regulating marketing to children, and increasing access to healthier options can change public habits. 



Collaboration among governments, healthcare providers, and community organizations is crucial in promoting health consciousness and fostering well-being for future generations.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-limiting-children-s-sugary-drink-intake">Limiting children's sugary drink intake</h2>



The researchers emphasize that efforts to control the marketing of SSBs to children and teenagers are crucial. And rightly so, as the study suggests that the increase in SSB intake among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2018 was almost double that seen among adults.



Despite certain limitations, such as the availability of dietary survey data, the findings act as a crucial tool in understanding and addressing the rising consumption of SSBs worldwide. These findings "should be taken as the best currently available, but nonetheless imperfect, estimates of SSB intake worldwide," add the authors.



The findings serve to guide national and targeted policies aimed at reducing SSB intake among young people globally. This can help curb the growing problem of SSBs for public health, particularly in regions like the Latin America, the Caribbean, and sub-Saharan Africa.



The study's intent is aligned with the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It's a call for everyone involved, from parents to policy makers, to take a look at our young ones' plates and glasses. 



After all, the health of children is a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/fathers-diet-impacts-the-health-of-his-future-children/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">reflection of the health</a> of our future.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2024-079234" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">BMJ</a>.



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Children are consuming more sugary drinks than ever

As we step into a new decade, it's high time...

When it comes to fat loss, many people turn to the ketogenic (keto) diet – a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/what-exactly-constitutes-a-low-carb-diet/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">low-carb</a>, high-fat regimen that has gained widespread popularity. 



However, a recent study conducted by a team of scholars at the <a href="https://www.bath.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Bath</a> challenges the keto diet’s clean bill of health. 



Various startling findings have emerged concerning cholesterol levels, glucose tolerance, and gut bacteria - presenting the diet as a double-edged sword.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-health-risks-of-keto">Health risks of Keto</h2>



In a study involving 53 healthy adults over 12 weeks, the keto diet was found to increase <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/avocados-improve-diet-quality-and-lower-cholesterol-levels/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cholesterol levels</a>, particularly in small and medium-sized LDL particles.



The diet also resulted in the notorious apolipoprotein B (apoB) rise, a key agent in plaque buildup in arteries. In stark contrast, a low-sugar diet led to a notable reduction in cholesterol in LDL particles.



“The ketogenic diet increased the levels of unfavorable fats in the blood of our participants. If sustained over years, these could result in long-term health implications such as increased <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/refined-grains-increase-the-risk-of-heart-disease/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">risk of heart disease</a> and stroke,” noted Dr. Aaron Hengist, one of the lead researchers.



Another rather worrisome discovery was the alteration of the gut microbiome composition. The consumption of the ketogenic diet led to the reduction of beneficial bacteria - Bifidobacteria. These bacteria are found in probiotics and have substantial health benefits such as producing B vitamins, inhibiting pathogens, and lowering cholesterol.



“The ketogenic diet reduced fibre intake to around 15 grams per day, half the NHS recommended intake," said Dr. Russell Davies, who led the microbiome research.



"The reduction in Bifidobacteria might contribute to significant long-term health consequences such as an increased risk of digestive disorders like irritable bowel disease and a weakened immune function.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-keto-glucose-tolerance-and-metabolism">Keto, glucose tolerance, and metabolism</h2>



The study didn’t stop at these shocking revelations. The ketogenic diet was also found to reduce glucose tolerance, making the adult bodies less proficient at handling carbohydrates. 



“The ketogenic diet reduced fasting glucose levels but also reduced the body’s ability to handle carbs from a meal. This insulin resistance could increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the long-term,” noted Professor Javier Gonzalez.



However, it wasn’t all doom and gloom. Both the ketogenic and low-sugar diets resulted in fat loss, without altering physical activity levels. 



The ketogenic diet led to an average of 2.9 kg fat mass loss per individual, while the sugar-restricted diet followed closely with an average of 2.1 kg fat mass loss.



The researchers also discovered that the ketogenic diet led to considerable changes in lipid metabolism and muscle energy use, shifting the body’s fuel preference from glucose to fats. This phenomenon likely accounts for the fat loss experienced on this diet.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-s-the-verdict">What's the verdict?</h2>



So, can the ketogenic diet truly be viewed as a boon without drawbacks? The study authors suggest that adopting a low-sugar diet may be a safer and healthier alternative for most people.



“The ketogenic diet is effective for <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/eating-protein-with-intermittent-fasting-better-weight-loss/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">fat loss</a>, but it comes with varied metabolic and microbiome effects that may not suit everyone. In contrast, sugar restriction supports government guidelines for reducing free sugar intake, promoting fat loss without apparent negative health impacts,” said Professor Dylan Thompson.



Despite some adverse effects, the researchers emphasize the need for further study to understand how individuals may benefit from the keto diet. If you’re considering a diet change, it might be time to think about sugar restriction rather than a drastic reduction in carbohydrate intake.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-personalized-nutrition-key-to-diet-success">Personalized nutrition: Key to diet success</h2>



When considering the ketogenic diet's potential drawbacks, personalized nutrition becomes essential. Individual factors such as genetics, lifestyle, and health conditions significantly influence how one responds to dietary changes.



Research indicates that a one-size-fits-all approach to dieting is often ineffective. Personalized nutrition, which tailors dietary recommendations based on an individual's unique metabolic responses and health markers, can enhance diet success.



For instance, while some may thrive on a keto <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/vegan-and-keto-diets-rapidly-transform-the-immune-system/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">diet</a>, others might experience some of the adverse effects observed in the study. Utilizing genetic testing and metabolic profiling, nutritionists can identify the most suitable dietary patterns for each person.



Personalized nutrition bridges the gap between popular diets and scientifically-backed recommendations, promoting whole foods, balanced macronutrients, and individualized caloric needs. This approach supports sustainable fat loss and overall health.



Ultimately, diets like keto may be effective for some but not for everyone. Consulting with healthcare professionals or registered dietitians can help create personalized nutrition plans that align with individual goals and health needs, ensuring long-term success and vitality.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666379124003811" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Cell Reports Medicine</a>.



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Keto diet promotes fat loss, but potentially wrecks your health

When it comes to fat loss, many people turn to...

Have you ever wondered about the quality of sleep of those who feel <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/loneliness-harms-health-more-than-alcohol-obesity-or-smoking/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">perpetually isolated</a> or disconnected? A recent study shows that loneliness might cause sleepless nights filled with nightmares.



The researcher behind this fascinating study is Dr. Colin Hesse, a prominent figure at Oregon State University (<a href="https://oregonstate.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">OSU</a>).&nbsp;



Serving as the director of the School of Communication in OSU's College of Liberal Arts, Dr. Hesse partnered with several experts from the <a href="https://www.arizona.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Arizona</a>, the University of Tampa, and Whitworth University to delve deeper into the connection between loneliness and nightmares.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-linking-loneliness-to-nightmares">Linking loneliness to nightmares</h2>



The insight that Dr. Hesse and his team have unveiled is no nugget of trivia. Instead, it has significant implications as loneliness and sleep disorders stand as formidable public health challenges. These conditions often lead to severe health risks, such as heart disease, stroke, and even premature death.



What's the link that ties loneliness to nightmares? The team's paper suggests that stress bridges the gap between loneliness, nightmare frequency, and intensity.&nbsp;



But it doesn't stop there. Other factors which are often associated with loneliness like consistent worry, anxiety, and a state of heightened alertness also come into play.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-an-evolutionary-puzzle">An evolutionary puzzle</h2>



According to Kory Floyd of the University of Arizona, the study’s lead author, these findings align with the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/living-alone-in-america-an-escalating-public-health-crisis/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">evolutionary theory</a> of loneliness.&nbsp;



This theory proposes that a real, tangible sense of belonging is crucial for human survival. He argues that interpersonal relationships are not a luxury; they are a core human need.



Loneliness is a widespread condition that substantially hampers wellness. It results in suffering, manifesting in various forms, including impaired sleep.&nbsp;



For their investigation, the researchers conducted surveys which included responses from over 1,600 adults between the ages of 18 and 81.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-new-perspective-on-nightmares">A new perspective on nightmares</h2>



Contrary to popular belief, the results suggest that nightmares are linked more with evolutionary factors as opposed to environmental influences, such as trauma. A lonely individual tends to experience stress, rumination, and extra alertness, all factors rooted deeply in evolution.



“It’s too early to talk about specific interventions in a concrete sort of way, but our findings are certainly consistent with the possibility that treating loneliness would help lessen someone’s nightmare experiences. That’s a possibility to address in controlled, clinical studies," said Dr. Hesse.



The Sleep Foundation states that 50-70 million Americans grapple with some type of sleep disorder. Good, restorative sleep is pivotal for <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/loneliness-impairs-memory-in-older-adults/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cognitive functioning</a>, mood regulation, metabolism, and various other aspects of wellness.&nbsp;



Therefore, it is of paramount importance to investigate psychological states, especially loneliness, that disrupt sleep. This is a crucial step in promoting overall well-being and tackling the challenges that come with loneliness.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-rising-concerns-about-loneliness">Rising concerns about loneliness </h2>



The U.S. Surgeon General's Office reports that even before the COVID-19 pandemic, an estimated half of American adults reported measurable levels of loneliness. This lack of connection heightens the risk of premature death to the same degree as smoking.



Reports from the Surgeon General’s Advisory on Our Epidemic of Loneliness and Isolation suggests that loneliness <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/chronic-loneliness-increases-stroke-risk-in-older-adults/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">significantly impacts health</a>, increasing the risk of heart disease by 29 percent.&nbsp;



Those who feel isolated face a 32% higher chance of experiencing a stroke. In older adults, frequent feelings of loneliness correlate with a 50% increased risk of dementia.&nbsp;



Individuals who are isolated may see their chances of premature death rise by more than 60 percent. Moreover, people who frequently feel lonely are more than twice as likely to develop depression.



As researchers continue to dig deeper into the connection between loneliness and nightmares, remember that the importance of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/experiences-not-things-are-key-to-deeper-social-connection/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">human connection</a> cannot and should not be underestimated.&nbsp;



Have we considered how our communities might be affected if we focused more on fostering strong interpersonal relationships? Could we initiate a dialogue on how to alleviate this loneliness epidemic?



Let's remember: connection doesn't just add to our lives; it enriches our existence, and perhaps, ensures better sleep too.



The study is published in the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00223980.2024.2378418" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Journal of Psychology</a>.&nbsp;



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Loneliness causes people to have more nightmares

Have you ever wondered about the quality of sleep of...

In the realm of well-being supplements, fish oil has earned its place as one of the most recommended by health practitioners around the world. 



It is a multi-billion dollar industry that has successfully made its way into the health regimens of millions.



As recent data presents, one out of every 13 people globally are already reaping the benefits of these popular omega-3 pills.



While the popularity of fish oil supplements is not new, a recent study offers a compelling reason for a whole new group to consider its value – those who are genetically predisposed to high <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/food-can-work-as-well-as-medication-to-lower-cholesterol/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cholesterol</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-genetic-connection-to-high-cholesterol">The genetic connection to high cholesterol</h2>



Researchers at the <a href="https://www.uga.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Georgia</a> have delved into genetic data from more than 441,000 individuals, coming up with a score to foretell the genetic likelihood of high levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (the "bad" cholesterol), triglycerides, and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/good-cholesterol-may-increase-the-risk-of-dementia/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">HDL cholesterol</a> (the "good" cholesterol).



Yitang Sun, who graduated with a doctoral degree from the university's Department of Genetics, explained: “Recent advances in genetic studies have allowed us to predict someone’s genetic risk of high cholesterol. But the current prediction has room for improvement because it does not consider individual differences in lifestyles, such as taking fish oil supplements.”



Interestingly, the researchers found that subjects who reported taking fish oil supplements had lower blood lipid levels than predicted, specifically for total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides.



Kaixiong Ye, a key author of the study and an assistant professor of genetics, stated: “Our study shows that considering lifestyles will improve genetic prediction. Our findings also support that fish oil supplements may counteract the genetic predisposition to high cholesterol.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-genetic-battle-against-high-cholesterol">The genetic battle against high cholesterol</h2>



High cholesterol has long been established as detrimental to health, leading to hardened arteries and heightened risk of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/certain-gut-bacteria-lower-cholesterol-and-the-risk-of-heart-disease/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">heart disease</a> and strokes.



Although a balanced diet and regular physical activity can reduce its incidence, many are still at the mercy of their genetic make-up.



With an estimated one in four American adults diagnosed with high cholesterol, the potential of fish oil supplements to alleviate the genetic odds is a welcome discovery. “Taking fish oil is associated with a shift toward a healthy lipid profile,” noted Ye.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-hdl-cholesterol-raising-the-good-levels">HDL cholesterol: Raising the good levels</h2>



In addition to reducing LDL cholesterol levels, the study also revealed the beneficial effects of the supplements on HDL cholesterol. 



Indeed, fish oil supplements seem to raise levels of this "good" cholesterol, offering another layer of protection against the risks of high cholesterol - especially for those with a family history of the condition.



<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/an-omega-3-fatty-acid-known-as-dha-may-prevent-hearing-loss/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Omega-3 fatty acids</a>, the key components of fish oil, play a significant role in promoting heart health. These essential fats have been shown to reduce inflammation throughout the body, lower <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/if-you-want-to-lower-your-blood-pressure-simply-eat-less-salt/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">blood pressure</a>, and improve overall cardiovascular function.



Research indicates that regular consumption of omega-3s can help decrease the risk of heart disease and stroke, making fish oil not just beneficial for those with genetic predispositions but for anyone looking to enhance their heart health. 



Incorporating fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines into the diet, or taking fish oil supplements, can provide these vital nutrients.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-incorporating-fish-oil-into-your-routine">Incorporating fish oil into your routine</h2>



For those who are considering the possibility of adding fish oil supplements to their health regimen, it’s essential to choose high-quality products. Look for supplements that are third-party tested for purity and potency, ensuring they are free from harmful contaminants like mercury.



Additionally, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement, especially for individuals with existing health conditions or those taking medications. 



To maximize benefits, aim to combine fish oil supplementation with a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats, alongside regular physical activity. 



This holistic approach can further enhance the protective effects against high cholesterol and improve overall well-being.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916524006051?via%3Dihub" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">American Journal of Clinical Nutrition</a>.



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The power of fish oil in combating high cholesterol

In the realm of well-being supplements, fish oil has earned...

Walking on the street, imagine you have found yourself at a crossroads. A well-equipped gym here, a cozy café serving lip-smacking strawberry milkshakes there. The brain's command center must make a decision, and it's not as straightforward as you would think. Which to choose: exercise or indulgence?



But thanks to the team of researchers from <a href="https://ethz.ch/en.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ETH Zurich</a>, we might have unraveled the mystery behind this decision-making process.



The prime suspect in this case: a chemical messenger named orexin. As it turns out, the neurons that produce orexin might be the key determinant as to whether we opt for a workout session or a delectable taste treat.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-bitter-truth-on-sedentary-lives">Bitter truth on sedentary lives</h2>



Leaving the comfort of the couch for some vigorous physical activity doesn't exactly sound appealing to everyone, does it?&nbsp;



The <a href="https://www.who.int" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">World Health Organization</a> crunches the numbers and the results are stark. With 80% of teenagers and 27% of adults insufficiently active, we're looking at a worrying rise in obesity rates, spanning all age brackets.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-brain-choosing-exercise">Brain choosing exercise</h2>



Despite the grim statistics, some people manage to shun the ever-present temptations and get their fair share of exercise. 



This observation fascinated Denis Burdakov, Professor of Neuroscience at ETH Zurich. His curiosity drove him to dig deeper into how our brains help us choose sweat over sweetness.



Enter orexin. Among the hundreds of brain-active messengers, orexin is a relatively new find. It's not as well studied as its counterparts like serotonin and dopamine, but Professor Burdakov's research is casting a new spotlight on this dark horse.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-orexin-s-unusual-influence">Orexin's unusual influence</h2>



Decision-making was always credited to dopamine. But it has a flaw. Our brain releases dopamine for both, indulging in food and indulging in exercise. So, why do we favor one over the other?



The researchers set up a clever experiment. Mice could pick from eight options, including a running wheel and a delicious strawberry milkshake. They compared the decisions made by normal mice and mice whose orexin system was either blocked by a drug or through genetic manipulation.



The results were startling. Mice with a functional orexin system spent double the time running and half the time savoring milkshakes compared to their counterparts. This suggests orexin has a significant influence when choosing between food and physical activity.



“This means that the primary role of the orexin system is not to control how much the mice move or how much they eat,” Burdakov says. “Rather, it seems central to making the decision between one and the other, when both options are available.”&nbsp;



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-brain-s-decision-to-exercise-or-eat">Brain's decision to exercise or eat</h2>



The observations of mice behavior could spill over to us humans too. This is because the brain functions involved in deciding between eating and exercising, surprisingly, are quite similar across species.



“It will now be a matter of verifying our results in humans," says Daria Peleg-Raibstein, group leader at ETH Zurich.



Understanding the role of orexin in decision-making opens up intriguing discussions regarding motivation and behavior.



As we navigate our daily lives filled with choices, the influence of orexin can manifest in various ways, impacting not only our physical activity levels but also our overall lifestyle choices. 



For instance, individuals with higher orexin activity might experience greater motivation to engage in exercise, viewing it as a rewarding experience rather than a chore. 



This paradigm shift could foster healthier habits, ultimately allowing us to harness the biochemical pathways in our brains to promote active lifestyles.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-can-we-increase-orexin-activity">How can we increase orexin activity?</h2>



You can increase orexin activity through several methods:



Regular exercise: Physical activity can boost orexin production.



Healthy diet: Eating a balanced diet with protein, healthy fats, and complex carbohydrates helps.



Sleep hygiene: Consistent sleep patterns and good sleep quality support orexin levels.



Stress management: Reducing stress through techniques like meditation can help.



Exposure to light: Natural light exposure during the day regulates orexin production.



Avoiding stimulants: Limit caffeine and other stimulants that can disrupt sleep and orexin levels.



<ol></ol>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-targeting-the-brain-for-healthier-lifestyles">Targeting the brain for healthier lifestyles</h2>



The insights gleaned from the research highlight a broader public health perspective. If orexin does indeed play a crucial role in whether individuals favor exercise over indulgence, it may pave the way for innovative interventions targeting this biochemical pathway.



Future therapies could aim to enhance orexin signaling, thereby potentially increasing <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/metamorphosis-exercise-triggers-molecular-changes-in-major-organs/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">exercise motivation</a> in individuals struggling with sedentary lifestyles. 



Coupled with educational initiatives about the importance of physical activity, such strategies could prove instrumental in combating the rising tide of obesity and associated health issues across populations, fostering a healthier society for future generations.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-new-path-against-obesity">New path against obesity</h2>



This breakthrough research opens up a new chapter in tackling the global obesity crisis and associated metabolic disorders.&nbsp;



“If we understand how the brain arbitrates between food consumption and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/evening-workouts-are-best-for-blood-sugar-control/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">physical activity</a>, we can develop more effective strategies for addressing the global obesity epidemic and related metabolic disorders,” says Peleg-Raibstein.&nbsp;&nbsp;



Understanding how our brain mediates between food and physical activity could help devise more effective ways to promote healthy eating and regular exercise.



There’s still a lot under the microscope, but one thing is clear: every stride in this research gets us one step closer to deciphering the complex wiring of our brains and how it shapes our daily choices.



The study is published in the journal&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-024-01696-2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nature Neuroscience</a>.



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Food or exercise? A chemical in the brain helps us decide

Walking on the street, imagine you have found yourself at...

Grabbing a drink with friends during happy hour often leaves you feeling sociable, cheerful, and positive. However, drinking alone can sometimes lead to feelings of depression. Researchers now believe they understand why this happens.



“Social settings influence how individuals react to <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/small-amounts-of-alcohol-have-big-impacts-on-brain-health/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">alcohol</a>, yet there is no mechanistic study on how and why this occurs,” said Kyung-An Han, Ph.D., a biologist at the <a href="https://www.utep.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Texas at El Paso</a> (UTEP) who studies alcoholism using fruit flies.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-social-drinking-and-euphoria-nbsp">Social drinking and euphoria&nbsp;</h2>



Han, along with a team of UTEP faculty and students, has made a significant advancement in understanding the neurobiological process behind social drinking and its effects on feelings of euphoria.&nbsp;



The study, published in a recent issue of the journal <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/adb.13420" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Addiction Biology</a>, identifies the brain region stimulated by social drinking. 



This discovery could enhance our understanding of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), a disease that affected nearly 29.5 million people last year, according to the <a href="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-varied-brain-responses-to-drinking">Varied brain responses to drinking</h2>



Interestingly, tipsy fruit flies exhibit behaviors similar to intoxicated humans. Despite their unconventional use in studying human behavior, these insects share about 75% of the genes associated with human diseases, Han explained.



Using fruit flies, the team aimed to demonstrate that ethanol, the alcohol in drinks, elicits different reactions in solitary versus group settings, with <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/dopamine-helps-us-understand-ourselves-and-others/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">dopamine</a> - a brain molecule involved in pleasure, motivation, and learning - playing a crucial role in this phenomenon.



The researchers exposed fruit flies, either alone or in groups, to ethanol vapor and measured their movement speed to gauge their response to ethanol.&nbsp;



Flies that “drank alone” showed a slight increase in movement, while those exposed to ethanol in a group setting displayed significantly higher speed and activity.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-social-drinking-and-dopamine-response-nbsp">Social drinking and dopamine response&nbsp;</h2>



Next, the team investigated dopamine's role in the flies' response to ethanol by comparing a control group with naturally regulated dopamine levels to an experimental group with increased dopamine levels.&nbsp;



The experts found that, in solitary settings, flies with both normal and elevated dopamine levels exhibited a slight increase in activity. However, in social settings, flies with increased dopamine displayed even greater hyperactivity than usual.



“We demonstrated that both social settings and dopamine act together for the flies’ heightened response to ethanol,” said Han, who is also the associate dean in the College of Science.



The researchers then focused on identifying which of the five dopamine receptors in the brain was most significant in this process. They discovered that the D1 dopamine receptor played the most crucial role in the flies' reaction to ethanol in a social setting.



“The human D1 receptor gene is linked to Alcohol Use Disorder and this study provides experimental validation for it. For the team, the identification of the D1 receptor is crucial as it gives researchers at UTEP and beyond a blueprint for follow up studies,” Han explained.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-significance-of-the-study">Significance of the study</h2>



Dr. Paul Rafael Sabandal, a research assistant professor in biological sciences and one of the study’s corresponding authors, emphasized the importance of their findings.&nbsp;



“Our work is providing scientific knowledge to support the idea that the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/heavy-alcohol-consumption-slows-brain-development/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">brain</a> interprets and processes a person’s social surrounding and has that signal converge into the dopamine system that is also activated by alcohol consumption. It gives us as researchers an idea of which brain area and components may serve as the meeting point for all the signals that contribute to AUD.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-brain-mechanisms-involved-in-social-drinking">Brain mechanisms involved in social drinking</h2>



The team's next steps involve exploring the complexities of how the D1 dopamine receptor serves as the central point for signals related to ethanol, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/desire-for-social-interaction-activates-the-brain-like-a-food-craving/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">social interaction</a>, and AUD.



“The opportunity to work on projects whose positive impact can be applied at scale is one of the reasons I became a scientist,” Han said. “It’s humbling to know that our work has the potential to help people live better lives and our team is going to continue striving toward achieving that goal.”



This study not only sheds light on the neurobiological mechanisms of social drinking but also opens new avenues for understanding and potentially treating alcohol use disorder.&nbsp;



By identifying the specific brain receptors involved, researchers can better target treatments and interventions to mitigate the effects of alcohol consumption and improve <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/living-alone-in-america-an-escalating-public-health-crisis/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">public health</a> outcomes.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-">-----</h3>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h--0">-----</h3>

Why social drinking feels so different from drinking alone

Grabbing a drink with friends during happy hour often leaves...

One might think watching Olympics on TV and munching snacks on the couch is an activity doomed to add extra pounds. 



However, a recent study from <a href="https://www.lboro.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Loughborough University</a> suggests that watching the Olympics can, in fact, help you lose weight. Yes, couch potatoes can actually burn up to 540 calories over a 90-minute period just by watching their <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/humans-are-natural-born-endurance-runners/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">favorite sports</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-power-of-celebration">The Power of Celebration </h2>



The research was led by Dr. Dale Eslinger, a sports scientist affiliated with Loughborough University. He collaborated with a team from EDF, which commissioned the research to explore the health benefits of watching sports on TV.



The researchers have developed a unique formula called "The Power of Celebration." According to this formula, burning calories while watching TV majorly depends on five crucial factors which include your body weight, how you watch sport, the baseline time, the celebration intensity, and the celebration time.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-burning-calories-while-watching-olympics">Burning calories while watching Olympics</h2>



Dr. Eslinger's research shows that if you're a football fan weighing 176lbs (80kg) and spend a 90-minute match sitting and fidgeting, reacting enthusiastically to goals or fouls, you could burn 540 calories. That's roughly equivalent to a 45-minute run.



The study also reveals that the type of sport you watch also makes a difference. A tennis fan watching a 3-hour match, while sitting and talking, and celebrating moderately by clapping and cheering often, can burn up to 432 calories. This equates to an hour-long swim.



The same goes for <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/at-what-age-do-olympic-athletes-perform-their-best/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">athletics</a> fans. While sitting and reacting moderately for an hour, like jumping to their feet and pacing a quarter of the time, they can burn 162 calories. It's almost the same as going for a brisk 30-minute <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/walking-can-counteract-the-health-risks-of-sitting/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">walk</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-sports-with-low-reactions">Sports with low reactions</h2>



And it's not just the high-adrenaline sports. An hour's worth of archery, with sitting and reacting moderately, can burn up to 106 calories. That's equivalent to a quick 15-minute cycling session.



"Watching sport is positively associated with well-being and vitality. By combining how we watch sport with the intensity of our celebrations, including factors like body weight and overall duration, the innovative 'Power of Celebration' formula allows sports fans to quantify their own energy expenditure while enjoying the excitement of the games," said Dr. Eslinger.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-psychology-of-sport-viewing">The psychology of sport viewing</h2>



Engaging in sports viewing is not just a passive experience; it stimulates our <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/watching-sports-has-a-very-positive-impact-on-mental-and-physical-health/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">minds and emotions</a>. The enthusiasm generated by cheering for a favorite team or player can enhance social connections, whether with family members, friends, or fellow fans across the globe.



This shared experience often leads to discussions, celebrations, and even debates, all of which contribute significantly to mental stimulation and emotional well-being.



Understanding this phenomenon offers insight into how our engagement with sports can serve as a powerful tool for fostering social bonds and enhancing interpersonal relationships, thereby enriching our lives beyond the confines of mere entertainment.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-olympics-watching-strategies">Olympics watching strategies</h2>



Given the enlightening findings from Dr. Eslinger's research, fans may wish to adopt "active viewing" strategies to maximize their calorie burn while enjoying their favorite sports.



To do this, viewers can incorporate movements during key moments of the game - standing up during goals, performing cheers or even light exercises during slower gameplay, or engaging others in celebratory dances.



Additionally, having viewing parties could amplify the excitement and encourage more enthusiastic reactions, thereby increasing both enjoyment and caloric expenditure. 



By adopting these strategies, fans not only enliven their viewing experiences but also contribute to their overall physical activity levels, merging leisure with health benefits.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-looking-beyond-gaming-and-calories">Looking beyond: Gaming and calories</h2>



Watching sports isn't the only passive activity that can help you lose weight. The gaming world is also making its mark.



A study by Stakester found that playing video games can burn a significant amount of calories. Male gamers can burn roughly 420 calories over a two-hour gaming session, while female gamers can burn up to 472 calories. Believe it, or not, that's the same as doing 1,000 sit-ups!



"Competition increases our heart rate, and most of us have experienced 'gaming sweat' that happens when you're searching for a last-minute goal in FIFA or in a tight spot in Warzone," noted Tom Fairey, CEO and founder of Stakester. 



"It's no surprise that this burns calories, but we were surprised to see just how many are burned during a 2-hour session, it certainly beats doing 1,000 sit ups." 



In conclusion, leisure activities like watching sports or playing video games are not just thrilling but may also be secretly burning calories.



So, next time you're enjoying the sweat and struggle of athletes on-screen, remember you might be in for a bit of a workout yourself! Now isn’t that something to cheer about?



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Watching the Olympics can help you lose weight

One might think watching Olympics on TV and munching snacks...

Scientists are transforming chocolate into a functional food by infusing it with probiotics and prebiotics, aiming to create a treat that satisfies cravings while supporting gut health. 



The challenge lies in maintaining chocolate's beloved texture and flavor while adding health benefits.



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https://youtu.be/Ug657J67iEo?si=w96YjGMsg939LD_3
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Probiotics - beneficial microbes that balance gut bacteria and aid digestion - are typically fragile and can be destroyed by stomach acid or processing. 



Prebiotics act as food for these microbes, helping them thrive. Together, they form "synbiotics," a powerful health combination.



Researchers Smriti Gaur and Shubhi Singh from India's Jaypee Institute of Information Technology took an innovative approach, using natural prebiotics like corn and honey instead of complex processing methods. 



They created five chocolate varieties: a control and four synbiotic versions containing different combinations of prebiotics, probiotics (Lactobacillus strains), and flavor enhancers (cinnamon or orange).



Laboratory simulations of human digestion showed the probiotics remained viable for over five hours, suggesting they could survive long enough to benefit gut health.



Taste tests were positive, with researchers particularly enjoying the orange-flavored variety, describing it as having "vibrant citrus notes" complementing the "rich cocoa" with a "luxurious" texture.



This research represents just the beginning. With further refinement of strains, textures, and flavors, chocolate could evolve beyond mere indulgence to become a functional food that nourishes while it delights.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsfoodscitech.4c00741" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ACS Food Science &amp; Technology</a>.

Is chocolate the next nutritional powerhouse?

Scientists are transforming chocolate into a functional food by infusing...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Nushagak Bay, a large estuary in southwest Alaska. Nushagak runs mainly north to south and exits in Bristol Bay, a large body of water in the Bering Sea.



"The bay is primarily fed by the Nushagak River, which begins in the Alaska Range and flows southwest approximately 450 km. The bay is also fed by several additional rivers including the Wood, Igushik, Snake and Weary rivers," says ESA.



"The dark colors of the Nushagak River are most likely due to tannins or lignins (chemical substances found in plants). Tannins and lignins from roots, leaves, seeds, bark and soil can leach into the water and give it a brown or even black colour. The sediments then flow southwards where it is mixed with the bluer waters of the bay."



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Nushagak Bay in southwest Alaska

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> (ACS) reveals that proteins on flu viruses are actually flexible, tilting and waving in a “breath-like” motion. According to the experts, these proteins could be used to better defend against the flu.



"The main antigenic targets of influenza virus are two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Whereas the structural and dynamical properties of both glycoproteins have been studied previously, the understanding of their plasticity in the whole-virion context is fragmented," wrote the researchers.



To investigate, the team conducted detailed simulations of the influenza A H1N1 virion, or the swine flu. The experts concluded that the visualizations show many new vulnerable states of flu viruses, which could improve future vaccines and antiviral drugs.



Video/ Image Credit: American Chemical Society&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Flu viruses are more flexible than expected

[sendtonews key="G9bUoxcjr4-2511624-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from the...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Lake Trasimeno, which is located west of Perugia in central Italy. It is the fourth largest lake in the country. While Trasimeno’s water level varies, it has a maximum depth of approximately six meters.&nbsp;



"In this Copernicus Sentinel-2 image, captured on 6 August 2022, the lake’s emerald green colour is likely due to the presence of phytoplankton. Streaks in the water, particularly visible in the west, indicate the presence of soil and sediments which have been stirred up by winds. Dark colored waters in the southern part of the lake indicate a presence of submerged and floating macrophytes (aquatic plants) as well as algae," says ESA.



"Surrounded by hills on three sides, Trasimeno is subject to heavy storms created by winds, especially from the north and west. There are three islets in the lake: Maggiore, Minore and Polvese (the largest). The lake’s shores are sparsely inhabited with only two popular villages: Castiglione del Lago and Passignano sul Trasimeno."



"Italy is experiencing its worst drought in 70 years which has affected drinking water supplies, hydroelectric power and agricultural production. High temperatures, hot winds and lack of rainfall are the main causes of drought in the Umbrian region which saw Lake Trasimeno’s drop 1.3 m, reaching the limit of the hydrometric zero in July 2022."



Video/Image Credit: ESA&nbsp;



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By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Lake Trasimeno in Central Italy

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> describes a new self-powered nanosensor that can instantly detect mercury contamination with the tap of a finger.&nbsp;



The oxidized form of mercury can be harmful when it is ingested through contaminated water or food. This makes it necessary for experts to develop sensors that can quickly and accurately detect the presence of mercury.&nbsp;



Zong-Hong Lin and colleagues have now created a triboelectric nanosensor (TENS) that can detect mercury by simply by touching a sample. According to the researchers, their TENS could serve as the basis for similar devices to safely and remotely monitor other pollutants.



Video Credit: American Chemical Society&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Detecting mercury contamination with the tap of a finger

[sendtonews key="LvS8v8bp9z-2564889-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from the...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> explores the ability of salt to transform the way that foods and beverages taste. Salt is known to cover up undesirable flavors, such as bitterness in coffee or beer, but how exactly does sodium chloride change the taste of other compounds?



One previous study showed that, not only does salt suppress bitterness, but also enhances sweetness and sourness. Another study revealed that bitterness reduction by salt seems to be happening at the tongue receptor level as well as in the brain.&nbsp;



While it is known that salt taste is mediated by the presence of sodium channels in the form of taste buds, experts believe that there is also an unknown receptor responsible for how we taste salt that has not yet been identified.&nbsp;



Video Credit: ACS Reactions



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

How does salt makes things taste better?

[sendtonews key="X0f6OHYoI4-2310561-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Santiago, the capital city of Chile. The city is located in the center of the Santiago Metropolitan Region, which has a population of about eight million people.&nbsp;



'The weather of Santiago resembles the Mediterranean climate with dry and warm summers with temperatures reaching up to 35°C (from October to March) and cool and humid winters that can drop to 0°C (from April to September)."



"The city lies in the centre of the country’s central valley around 80 km from the Pacific Ocean to the west and borders Argentina to the east. A tiny part of Argentina is visible in the top-right corner of the image where the mountain crest of the Andes Mountains acts as a divider between the two countries," says ESA.



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Santiago, Chile in South America

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Spiral,Galaxy,,Illustration,Of,Milky,Way

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Astronomers at <a href="https://www.jhu.edu/">Johns Hopkins University</a> have created an interactive map of the universe, including the actual position and real colors of 200,000 galaxies. The map allows the public to access data that was previously only available to scientists.



The map was developed using data collected by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. For over two decades, a telescope in New Mexico was aimed at slightly different locations to capture the night sky.&nbsp;



"Growing up I was very inspired by astronomy pictures, stars, nebulae and galaxies, and now it's our time to create a new type of picture to inspire people," said map creator Brice Ménard, a professor at Johns Hopkins. "Astrophysicists around the world have been analyzing this data for years, leading to thousands of scientific papers and discoveries. But nobody took the time to create a map that is beautiful, scientifically accurate, and accessible to people who are not scientists. Our goal here is to show everybody what the universe really looks like."



"In this map, we are just a speck at the very bottom, just one pixel. And when I say we, I mean our galaxy, the Milky Way which has billions of stars and planets. We are used to seeing astronomical pictures showing one galaxy here, one galaxy there or perhaps a group of galaxies. But what this map shows is a very, very different scale."



"From this speck at the bottom, we are able to map out galaxies across the entire universe, and that says something about the power of science."



The <a href="https://mapoftheuniverse.net/">interactive map</a> is available online, where it can be downloaded for free.



Video Credit: Johns Hopkins&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Interactive map of the universe includes 200,000 galaxies

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Lesotho: Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky" Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features northwest Lesotho in South Africa.



According to ESA, Lesotho is the only nation in the world that lies completely above 1,000 m in elevation. The country is famous for its tall mountains and narrow valleys, and is known as Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky."



Out of a population of around two million people, about 80 percent live in rural areas. More than 75 percent of these people are engaged in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/climate-change-will-have-a-global-impact-on-agriculture/">agriculture</a>, including rainfed cereal production and animal grazing.&nbsp;



ESA reports that the country’s agricultural system faces a growing number of issues, with climate-related vulnerabilities such as drought, floods and extreme temperatures occurring more frequently. 



Diamonds are amongst the minerals found in the mountains. Indeed, Lesotho can truly be called the Kingdom in the Sky. Beautiful, culturally rich, safe, affordable, and easily accessible from Durban and Johannesburg, mountainous Lesotho is a vastly underrated travel destination. the Kingdom of Lesotho (Sotho: 'Muso oa Lesotho) is an enclaved country in southern Africa. It is just over 30,000 km2 (11,583 sq mi) in size and has a population of around 2 million.



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer 



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Lesotho: Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky"

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Dublin, the capital and largest city of Ireland. Beyond its pub culture, Dublin is known as a modern culinary destination and a UNESCO City of Literature.



"Dublin is located near the midpoint of Ireland’s east coast in the province of Leinster. The city, which covers an area of around 115 square kilometers, is bordered by the Dublin Mountains, a low mountain range to the south, and is surrounded by flat farmland to the north and west," says ESA.



"The city straddles the River Liffey, which rises in the Wicklow Mountains and flows around 80 kilometers eastwards through the city of Dublin, in which it is canalised and bordered with quays. It then empties into Dublin Bay, an arm of the Irish Sea."



Dublin has an abundance of green spaces, including one of the largest enclosed public parks in any European capital city. Phoenix Park, which was originally formed as a royal hunting park in the 1660s, includes 707 hectares of green space.



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The city of Dublin on Ireland's east coast

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features the province of Zaragoza in northeast Spain. The image was captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission.



"Together with the provinces of Huesca and Teruel, Zaragoza formed the old kingdom of Aragon. Its capital, also called Zaragoza (not visible in this image) is home to around half of Aragon’s population," says ESA.



"The Ebro River can be seen winding its way through the province from west to east in this image. Between its source in the Cantabrian Mountains in the northwest and its delta on the Mediterranean coast, the Ebro River is fed by more than 200 tributaries as it flows 910 km across much of northern Spain."



Since rainfall is very scarce in this region, irrigation in the Ebro basin is critically important. In the valleys surrounding the Ebro River, many fields are used for growing crops such as corn, wheat, and barley.



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The province of Zaragoza in northeast Spain

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Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> reveals the evolution of the Columbia Glacier in southeastern Alaska. Columbia is among the fastest shrinking glaciers in the world, and the video documents its rapid retreat over the years.&nbsp;



Columbia Glacier is a large, multi-branched calving glacier that flows out of the Chugach Mountains to the Prince William Sound.&nbsp;



According to USGS, Columbia had a long history of stability prior to 1980, with a length 41 miles, and small, short-lived advances or retreats.



In the years since 1980, however, satellite images have captured Columbia’s alarming retreat. By using false-color images, scientists can distinguish between snow and ice, open water, vegetation, and rocky debris on the glacier’s surface.



The series of false-color images featured in today's video were acquired over the span of 35 years. You can see that by 2021, the glacier’s main branch had retreated about 15 miles from its initial position.



The Columbia Glacier has also lost more than 50 percent of its volume, mostly due to calving. <a href="https://www.earth.com/video/nasa-reveals-3d-visual-of-an-atmospheric-river/">NASA</a> reports that while climate change likely started the retreat, mechanical processes kept the disintegration going.



The NASA images are provided by Jesse Allen, Robert Simmon, Joshua Stevens, and Lauren Dauphin using data from Landsat satellites, from the U.S. Geological Survey, and data from MODIS on NASA’s Terra satellite. The structure of Columbia’s moraine played a large role in the stability of the glacier before 1980. 



Like other tidewater glaciers, the Columbia built up a moraine over time, and the mixture of ice and rock functioned like a dam keeping out the sea. It was supported on one end by the shoreline and by the underwater terminal moraine at the other.



Video Credit: NASA Earth Observatory/&nbsp; NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The rapid retreat of the Columbia Glacier

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features the Pyrenees Mountains, which form a natural boundary between France and Spain in southwest Europe.



The mountain range is 430 kilometers in length. It stretches from the Mediterranean Sea on the east to the Atlantic Ocean on the west.



At an elevation of 3404 meters, Pico de Aneto is the highest mountain peak in the Pyrenees, and the third-highest peak in Spain. Pico de Aneto is located in the Posets-Maladeta Natural Park, which spans more than 82,000 acres.&nbsp;



"Geological studies have revealed that the Pyrenees Mountains have been around for longer than the Alps, with their sediments first deposited in coastal basins during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras," reports ESA.



"The entire mountain range formed due to the upwelling of large sedimentary rocks by the collision of the Iberian and the Eurasian plate around 100 to 150 million years ago, followed by intense erosion from ice and water."



The western Pyrenees receive more precipitation due to moisture blowing in from the Atlantic Ocean. The mountain range contains many lakes, several small glaciers, and some of the highest waterfalls in Europe.



Video &amp; Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The Pyrenees Mountains in southwest Europe

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Earth,Like,Exoplanet,3d,Render

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Today's Video of the Day from <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard">NASA Goddard</a> describes two exoplanets that are orbiting a star 218 light-years away. A team of researchers led by the University of Montreal has found evidence that these planets are "water worlds."



The experts used data from NASA’s Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes. They discovered that exoplanets Kepler-138 c and Kepler-138 could be composed largely of water.



"We previously thought that planets that were a bit larger than Earth were big balls of metal and rock, like scaled-up versions of Earth, and that's why we called them super-Earths," explained study co-author Björn Benneke.&nbsp;



"However, we have now shown that these two planets, Kepler-138 c and d, are quite different in nature and that a big fraction of their entire volume is likely composed of water. It is the best evidence yet for water worlds, a type of planet that was theorized by astronomers to exist for a long time."



Video Credit: NASA Goddard



Image Credit: NASA, ESA, and Leah Hustak (STScI)



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Two distant planets may be "water worlds"

[sendtonews key="QIoVYJqRBi-2434608-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from NASA...

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Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard">NASA Goddard</a> describes Earth’s interconnected systems, and how this network is affected by rising temperatures.&nbsp;



During 2020, average global temperatures matched the hottest year on record. The hurricane season was also record-breaking, with many of the storms intensifying at extraordinary speeds. Hot water in the ocean is fuel for hurricanes. The satellite data shows that it's all one interconnected system showing how Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected.



According to NASA, dust swept up from Northern Africa plays a major role in the formation of hurricanes, and is also a key source of fertilization in the Amazon rainforest. As a result of<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/seagrass-wasting-disease-is-fueled-by-climate-change/"> climate</a> change, dust plumes are expected to decline, which will have an effect on vegetation far away.&nbsp;



Images from Earth-observing satellites show how the world’s plant life is affected by natural disasters, fires, and deforestation. Satellites also reveal how widespread changes in vegetation impact waterways,&nbsp; the climate, air quality. Satellites communicate by using radio waves to send signals to the antennas on the Earth. "Earth From Space" is a groundbreaking two-hour special that reveals a spectacular new space-based vision of our planet. 



Video Credit: NASA Goddard&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://welcome.miami.edu/">University of Miami</a> Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science explores how changes in water temperatures have affected tiger shark habitats and movements in the North Atlantic Ocean. The study reveals that rising temperatures have caused the sharks to shift toward the poles over the past 40 years.



“Tiger shark annual migrations have expanded poleward, paralleling rising water temperatures,” explained study lead author Neil Hammerschlag. “These results have consequences for tiger shark conservation, since shifts in their movements outside of marine protected areas may leave them more vulnerable to commercial fishing.”



The researchers analyzed nine years of tracking data from satellite-tagged tiger sharks, combined with four decades of conventional tag and recapture data provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Cooperative Shark Tagging Program.



The experts found that during the last decade of record heat, for every one-degree Celsius increase in water temperatures, tiger sharks migrated further poleward by over 400 kilometers. They also migrated two weeks earlier than usual to waters off the northeastern coast of the United States.



“Given their role as apex predators, these changes to tiger shark movements may alter predator-prey interactions, leading to ecological imbalances, and more frequent encounters with humans,” concluded Professor Hammerschlag.



Video Credit: University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Tiger sharks are shifting poleward as temperatures rise

Today’s Video of the Day from the University of Miami...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> is focused on the melt ponds that emerge during the spring and summer on the Greenland Ice Sheet, which is the largest ice mass in the northern hemisphere.



"Melt ponds are vast pools of open water that form on both sea ice and ice sheets and are visible as turquoise-blue pools of water in this Copernicus Sentinel-2 image," says ESA.



"When snow and ice melts atop glaciers, water flows in channels and streams and collects in depressions on the surface. These melt ponds can speed up the melting of the surrounding ice since they greatly reduce the ice’s ability to reflect sunlight."



"This can create a positive feedback where an increasing number of melt ponds absorb more heat which causes ice cover to melt even faster."



According to ESA, Greenland has been hit with a late-season heatwave that began in early September. This caused the type of melt event that usually occurs in the middle of summer.



"In a recent paper published in Nature Climate Change, scientists found that major sea-level rise from the melting of the Greenland ice cap is now ‘inevitable’ even if the burning of fossil fuels were to halt overnight," says ESA. "Using satellite observations of Greenland ice loss and ice cap from 2000 to 2019, the team found the losses will lead to a minimum rise of 27 cm regardless of climate change."



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Melt ponds on the Greenland Ice Sheet

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> describes a new map of Mars that is providing insight into the planet’s watery past. The map also reveals where future missions could safely land on Mars.&nbsp;



The map has been created over the last decade using observations of water-rich rocks and mineral deposits. The images were captured by ESA’s Mars Express and NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.



"A big surprise is the prevalence of these minerals, with the map revealing hundreds of thousands of water-affected locations in the oldest parts of the planet," says ESA. "The new data will help answer exciting questions about Mars’ climate history, whether water was globally persistent or confined to short, intense episodes, and whether the conditions were ever suitable for life."



"Specifically, the map shows the locations and abundances of aqueous minerals. These are from rocks that have been chemically altered by the action of water in the past, and have typically been transformed into clays and salts."



According to John Carter of the Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), our collective understanding of Mars has been oversimplified. He explained that planetary scientists have tended to think that only a few types of clay minerals on Mars were created during its wet period, then as the water gradually dried up, salts were produced across the planet.



The new map shows that the composition of Mars is much more complicated than what we thought. For example, while many salts formed after Martian clays, there are some salts that are presumed to be older than some of the clays.&nbsp;



“The evolution from lots of water to no water is not as clear cut as we thought, the water didn’t just stop overnight. We see a huge diversity of geological contexts, so that no one process or simple timeline can explain the evolution of the mineralogy of Mars. That’s the first result of our study. The second is that if you exclude life processes on Earth, Mars exhibits a diversity of mineralogy in geological settings just as Earth does,” said Carter.



Video Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The history of Mars is much more complex than we thought

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.stowers.org/">Stowers Institute for Medical Research</a> describes how cavefish adapted to a sedentary lifestyle over tens of thousands of years. 



The experts found that the muscle metabolism of cavefish has been genetically reprogrammed over time. As a result, the animals have experienced major changes in their morphology and behavior. Despite these changes, however, the cavefish remain healthy and fit.



The research may provide new clues about the evolutionary consequences of prolonged physical inactivity in humans.&nbsp;



“It’s no surprise that people are moving less and less as technology has advanced,” said Rohner. “With cavefish, we have a unique system where we can study what might happen if people remained couch potatoes over very, very long periods of time.”



Video Credit: Stowers Institute for Medical Research



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Cavefish are healthy despite their sedentary lifestyle

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Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> some of the most incredible waves in the world, as seen by Landsat satellites.



"With more than 370,000 miles of coastline on Earth, there are plenty of places where epic waves build up, curl over, and hurtle toward the shore.- much to the thrill of surfers," says NASA. "There are some places where these waves are so magnificent that they can be seen from space."



"With the broad perspective of satellites, we can see how these iconic waves develop into the world’s tallest, longest, fastest, and heaviest."



Video Credit: NASA Earth Observatory&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Satellites capture the world's biggest and fastest waves

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