<p>Grains feed billions every day. Yet people still argue about which ones deserve a spot on the plate. Whole grains often get praise. Refined grains often get the blame. The truth, as a new study shows, is more complicated.</p>



<p>Researchers looked at more than 14,000 Americans and tracked what they ate. They used national survey data collected between 2017 and 2023, combining diet records with health markers such as weight, waist size, and insulin levels.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-analyzing-different-grains">Analyzing different grains</h2>



<p>The team came from the <a href="https://www.washington.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Washington</a> and a French nutrition group. They used national survey data collected between 2017 and 2023. They combined diet records with health markers such as weight, waist size, and insulin levels. </p>



<p>The study also considered cost - an issue that often keeps families from choosing healthier foods. By linking <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/mind-diet-may-protect-cognitive-health/">nutrition scores</a> with affordability, the researchers could see not only which foods improved health but also which ones people could realistically buy.</p>



<p>This practical lens matters, because guidance that ignores price often fails in everyday life, leaving healthier choices out of reach for many households.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-scoring-nutrients-in-grains">Scoring nutrients in grains</h2>



<p>The researchers built scoring systems. One focused on whole grain content, fiber, and added sugar. Another measured nine nutrients we need - such as protein, folate, and magnesium - against three we should limit: sugar, sodium, and saturated fat.</p>



<p>Foods that performed well were tagged as <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/common-food-nutrition-labels-may-be-based-on-50-year-old-data/">healthy</a> grains, while those lacking balance fell short. </p>



<p>This dual approach gave a sharper view, showing not just which grains are wholesome, but also why certain fortified foods deserve recognition alongside traditional whole grain options.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-grains-with-strong-nutrients">Grains with strong nutrients</h2>



<p>Cooked grains did well. So did cooked cereals and fortified grains in breads. Some ready-to-eat cereals also scored high, but only when sugar stayed low. </p>



<p>Sweet bakery goods, snack bars, and quick breads landed at the bottom. They offered calories but almost no nutrients, highlighting how certain popular items fill stomachs without delivering meaningful health benefits.</p>



<p>The contrast between fortified choices and sugar-heavy products shows why nutrient density, not just grain type, makes the real difference in improving diets.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-eating-patterns-matter">Eating patterns matter</h2>



<p>The study showed who eats these grains. Women and older adults ate more of them. Mexican Americans included them often too. Non-Hispanic Black participants ate the least.</p>



<p>Income made a difference: higher income groups leaned toward healthier grain choices. Regional differences also appeared, with some communities relying more on fortified breads and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/childrens-cereals-now-contain-more-sugar-and-fat-than-ever/">cereals</a>. </p>



<p>Still, even the best groups ate less than one-third of their grains from nutrient-dense foods, showing plenty of room for improvement.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-more-grains-better-nutrition">More grains, better nutrition</h2>



<p>Those who ate more healthy grains had better overall diets. They consumed more fruits and vegetables. They cut down on added sugar, sodium, and saturated fat. </p>



<p>They also got more protein, calcium, potassium, and iron. These benefits grew stronger the more healthy grains people ate.</p>



<p>The gains extended to health outcomes. Adults eating nutrient-rich grains were less likely to have higher body weight. Their insulin levels were lower, indicating stronger metabolic health. Their cholesterol levels also improved in some cases.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-healthy-grains-don-t-cost-more">Healthy grains don’t cost more</h2>



<p>Nutritious foods often cost more, but that assumption did not hold here. Healthy grains were not more expensive than less nutritious ones. In some cases, fortified cereals and breads even cost less per gram or per calorie.</p>



<p>“Healthy grains are a critical component of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/scientists-break-down-the-best-heart-healthy-diets/">healthy diets</a>," said Dr. Adam Drewnowski, Professor of Epidemiology at the University of Washington.</p>



<p>“Our evaluation took whole grain content into account, along with fiber, vitamins and minerals. By delivering key nutrients such as fiber, iron, B vitamins and folate, grain foods can make a meaningful contribution to healthier eating patterns among all population groups.”</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-nutrients-matter-more-than-labels">Nutrients matter more than labels</h2>



<p>This study shows that grain choices are not black and white. <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/that-whole-wheat-bread-youve-been-eating-is-often-a-trap-its-not-what-you-think-it-is/">Whole grains</a> matter, but fortified refined grains can also help. What counts is nutrient density. That shift in perspective makes it easier for people to build healthier diets without higher costs or strict rules.</p>



<p>Grains will remain central to our diets. Choosing nutrient-dense ones - whether whole or fortified - can improve health without draining wallets. Balance matters more than rigid categories, and the study makes that clear. </p>



<p>Eating patterns shaped by variety and affordability work better long term. Rather than avoiding entire grain types, people can focus on smarter selections, building meals that deliver taste, nutrition, and practicality without unnecessary restrictions.</p>



<p>The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/17/16/2674" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Nutrients</em></a>.</p>



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Some refined grains are surprisingly nutritious

Grains feed billions every day. Yet people still argue about which ones deserve a spot on the plate. Whole grains often get praise. Refined grains often get the blame. The truth, as a new study shows, is more complicated. Researchers looked at more than 14,000 Americans and tracked what they ate. They used national survey data collected between 2017 and 2023, combining diet records with health markers such as weight, waist size, and insulin levels. Analyzing different grains The team came from the University of Washington and...

<p>For decades,&nbsp;the fiery moon Io has tantalized astronomers with its explosive volcanic activity.&nbsp;This <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/amalthea-jupiter-tiny-moon-captured-juno-spacecraft/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">distant world</a>,&nbsp;orbiting Jupiter,&nbsp;offers insights into the early,&nbsp;volatile period of our own solar system's history.&nbsp;</p>



<p>But until now,&nbsp;getting a truly <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/brilliant-new-images-of-jupiters-moon-io-captured-by-juno-spacecraft/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">clear picture of Io</a> from Earth has been a challenge.&nbsp;New images from a telescope in Arizona,&nbsp;however,&nbsp;are changing the game.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-new-eye-on-the-solar-system">New eye on the solar system</h2>



<p>The Large Binocular Telescope (<a href="https://www.lbto.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">LBT</a>) on Mount Graham in Arizona isn't your average Earth-based stargazing tool.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Equipped with a cutting-edge instrument called <a href="https://sites.google.com/inaf.it/shark-vis/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">SHARK-VIS</a> and an adaptive optics system to counteract atmospheric blurriness,&nbsp;the LBT has recently captured the sharpest images of Io ever taken from Earth.</p>



<p><a href="https://www.earth.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/io_jupiter-moon_shark-vis_berkeley_1m.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">These images are so detailed</a>, they rival those taken by spacecraft that have actually journeyed to Jupiter. We're talking about seeing features as small as 50 miles across -- the equivalent of spotting a dime from 100 miles away.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-details-on-jupiter-s-moon-io">Details on Jupiter's moon Io</h2>



<p>"The visible light images are really incredible,"&nbsp;says Imke de Pater,&nbsp;a professor emerita of astronomy at the <a href="https://www.berkeley.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of California,&nbsp;Berkeley</a>.&nbsp;De Pater has spent much of her career studying Io,&nbsp;primarily using infrared telescopes.&nbsp;</p>



<p>While infrared provides valuable data on heat signatures (like lava flows),&nbsp;the detail is limited.&nbsp;The LBT's new images,&nbsp;on the other hand,&nbsp;reveal the moon's topography and landscapes in a way that hasn't been possible from Earth before.</p>



<p>Jupiter's moon lo is the most volcanically active body in our entire solar system.&nbsp;Its surface is a constantly changing canvas of eruptions,&nbsp;lava flows,&nbsp;and colorful deposits.&nbsp;The LBT's images offer a front-row seat to this geological mayhem.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-dueling-volcanoes-of-jupiter-s-moon">Dueling volcanoes of Jupiter's moon</h2>



<p>One of the most exciting revelations from the new images involves two of Io's most prominent volcanoes,&nbsp;Pele and Pillan Patera.&nbsp;</p>



<p>According to Ashley Davies,&nbsp;a principal scientist at NASA's <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a>,&nbsp;the images show a resurfacing event where deposits from Pillan Patera are covering over Pele's plume deposits.&nbsp;</p>



<p>This kind of volcanic interaction was previously only observed by the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter. "Before SHARK-VIS, such resurfacing events were impossible to observe from Earth,"&nbsp;Davies notes.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://www.earth.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/io_jupiter-moon_cross-section-interior_berkeley_1m.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.earth.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/io_jupiter-moon_cross-section-interior_berkeley_1s.jpg" alt="Cross section diagram of the interior of Jupiter's volcanic moon, Io. Credit: UBerkeley" class="wp-image-1935739"/></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>Cross section diagram of the interior of Jupiter's volcanic moon, Io. Credit: UBerkeley</em></figcaption></figure>



<p>These observations help scientists understand the complex interplay of forces within Io,&nbsp;the movement of magma beneath its surface,&nbsp;and the tidal heating process responsible for its intense volcanic activity.</p>



<p>Io's fiery nature is due to a constant gravitational tug-of-war with Jupiter and two of its other large moons,&nbsp;Europa and Ganymede.&nbsp;This squeezing action generates immense heat within Io,&nbsp;fueling its volcanic activity.</p>



<p>“Io, therefore, presents a unique opportunity to learn about the mighty eruptions that helped shape the surfaces of Earth and the moon in their distant pasts,”&nbsp;notes Al Conrad,&nbsp;an associate staff scientist at the Large Binocular Telescope Observatory and the lead author of a paper.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-new-era-of-planetary-observation">New era of planetary observation</h2>



<p>The SHARK-VIS instrument,&nbsp;developed by the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics,&nbsp;is ushering in a new era of high-resolution imaging from Earth.&nbsp;Its ability to freeze the blurring effects of Earth's atmosphere allows for unprecedented clarity.</p>



<p>"The keen vision of SHARK-VIS is particularly suited to observing the surfaces of many solar system bodies -- not only the moons of giant planets, but also asteroids,"&nbsp;says Simone Antoniucci,&nbsp;the instrument scientist for SHARK-VIS.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://www.earth.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/io_jupiter-moon_pele-volcano-closeup-comparison_shark-vis_berkeley_1m.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.earth.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/io_jupiter-moon_pele-volcano-closeup-comparison_shark-vis_berkeley_1s.jpg" alt="Pele, Pillan Patera and Loki Patera volcanoes on Io. Credit: UBerkeley" class="wp-image-1935747"/></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>Pele, Pillan Patera and Loki Patera volcanoes on Io. Credit: UBerkeley</em></figcaption></figure>



<p>These new images of Io are not just a stunning achievement in telescope technology; they're a window into the dynamic and violent processes that have shaped worlds throughout our solar system – including our own.&nbsp;</p>



<p>As we continue to explore the cosmos,&nbsp;both near and far,&nbsp;it's clear that our ability to see and understand is only getting sharper.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-other-interesting-facts-on-jupiter-s-moon-io">Other interesting facts on Jupiter's moon Io</h2>



<p>Jupiter's moon Io, the most volcanically active body in the solar system, boasts over 400 active volcanoes. Discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610, Io's surface is dotted with volcanic pits and lava flows, constantly reshaping its landscape. </p>



<p>This intense volcanic activity is driven by the immense gravitational forces exerted by Jupiter and its other large moons, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/europa-clipper-will-deliver-a-message-to-one-of-jupiters-moons/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Europa</a> and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/jupiters-moon-ganymede-has-huge-internal-ocean-and-salty-surface/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Ganymede</a>, which cause tidal heating in Io's interior. This process generates enough heat to maintain a subsurface layer of molten rock.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://www.earth.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/jupiter-moon-Io_juno-mission_color-closeup_credit-NASA_1m.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.earth.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/jupiter-moon-Io_juno-mission_color-closeup_credit-NASA_1s.jpg" alt="Jupiter's volcanic moon, Io, captured by Juno. Credit: NASA" class="wp-image-1935742"/></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>Jupiter's volcanic moon, Io, captured by Juno. Credit: NASA</em></figcaption></figure>



<p>The moon's vivid colors, ranging from yellow to red and black, result from various sulfur compounds ejected by its volcanoes. These eruptions also contribute to Io's thin <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/microbial-life-may-exist-on-one-of-jupiters-moons/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">atmosphere</a>, composed mainly of sulfur dioxide. </p>



<p>Io's dynamic environment offers valuable insights into planetary geology and volcanic processes, making it a fascinating object of study for scientists seeking to understand the solar system's history and the mechanics of other volcanic worlds.</p>



<p>The researchers will publish the images next week in the journal&nbsp;<em><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.19604" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Geophysical Research Letters</a></em>.</p>



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Lava trails captured on Jupiter's volcanic moon Io in new images taken from Earth

For decades,&nbsp;the fiery moon Io has tantalized astronomers with its...

<p>A recent genetic study led by the <a href="https://www.helsinki.fi/en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Helsinki</a> has found that heavy fishing at the beginning of the fishing season may result in younger Atlantic salmon that are smaller in size. </p>



<p>This discovery is vital for conserving <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/leaving-big-fish-in-the-ocean-greatly-reduces-co2-emissions/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">large fish</a>, which are essential for the diversity and sustainability of salmon populations.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-large-salmon-genetic-variant-nbsp">Large salmon genetic variant&nbsp;</h2>



<p>Atlantic <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/climate-change-has-unpredictable-effects-on-salmon-migration/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">salmon</a> are typically caught during their spawning migration. The study, focusing on wild salmon in the northern Baltic Sea, revealed that early-season fishing predominantly targets salmon carrying a “large salmon genetic variant.” </p>



<p>This variant is responsible for guiding salmon to grow larger and mature at an older age - an important trait for both the viability of salmon stocks and the fishing industry.</p>



<p>Genetic analyses of thousands of wild salmon caught between 1928 and 2020 by fisheries from the northern Baltic Sea showed that fishers consistently caught salmon with the large salmon variant more frequently in the early part of the fishing season, regardless of the year.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-timing-of-fishing-impacts-salmon-size">Timing of fishing impacts salmon size</h2>



<p>“This finding suggests that the timing of fishing may cause evolutionary changes in the age and size that Atlantic salmon reach before maturation. Intensive fishing, especially in the early fishing season, may lead to the 'large salmon variant' becoming rarer and to salmon spawning at a younger age and smaller size,” explained lead author Antti Miettinen, a biologist at the University of Helsinki.</p>



<p>Such evolutionary impacts, resulting in fewer large salmon, would negatively affect the diversity and viability of salmon populations and the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/dark-fleets-hidden-industrial-fishing-activity-exposed/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">fishing industry</a>, which values large catches.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-human-induced-evolutionary-selection-pressures-nbsp">Human-induced evolutionary selection pressures&nbsp;</h2>



<p>The results of the study are crucial for understanding how human-induced evolutionary selection pressures, such as fishing, can affect wild fish populations and their important traits.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The largest wild Baltic salmon stock spawns in the Tornio and Kalix Rivers in northern Finland and Sweden and holds high ecological and societal value. The researchers found that early-season fishing at sea and in the Tornio River targeted <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/decline-in-atlantic-salmon-linked-to-humans-and-climate/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">salmon</a> from upstream sites in the river system more often than fishing later in the season.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-evolutionary-impacts-of-fishing-on-salmon">Evolutionary impacts of fishing on salmon</h2>



<p>“Fishing in the early part of the fishing season targets salmon that spawn in the headwaters of these rivers, which should be accounted for in fisheries management to ensure the viability of these salmon populations,” Miettinen explained.</p>



<p>“By analyzing the genetics of samples collected across the northern Baltic over many decades, this study shows how human activities could cause evolutionary changes in wild salmon populations,” said senior author Victoria Pritchard, a biologist at the <a href="https://www.uhi.ac.uk/en/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of the Highlands and Islands</a>.</p>



<p>“This study is a fantastic example of using genetic approaches to answer important questions about the conservation and management of biodiversity. The genetic tools designed during this project can be used to monitor the future impacts of fishing regimen changes.”</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-atlantic-salmon-nbsp">Atlantic salmon&nbsp;</h2>



<p>Atlantic salmon is a species primarily found in the northern Atlantic Ocean and rivers that flow into this ocean. These fish are anadromous, meaning they hatch in freshwater, migrate to the ocean as they grow, and then return to freshwater to spawn.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-unique-life-cycle">Unique life cycle</h3>



<p>The life cycle of Atlantic salmon makes them unique among many fish species because of this long <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/climate-change-has-unpredictable-effects-on-salmon-migration/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">migration</a>, which can be quite arduous and fraught with hazards, from natural predators to human-made obstacles like dams.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-appearance-nbsp">Appearance&nbsp;</h3>



<p>Their appearance is distinctive, with a silver-flanked body during their ocean phase and darker, more pronounced coloring when they return to spawn.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-navigation">Navigation</h3>



<p>Atlantic salmon are also known for their ability to “leap” upriver, a necessary skill to navigate upstream to their spawning grounds.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ecological-role-nbsp">Ecological role&nbsp;</h3>



<p>Historically, Atlantic salmon have been a vital part of both the ecosystem and regional economies, supporting commercial and recreational fishing industries.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-population-decline-nbsp">Population decline&nbsp;</h3>



<p>However, their populations have faced significant declines due to overfishing, habitat loss, and pollution, leading to strict regulations and conservation efforts in many areas they inhabit.&nbsp;</p>



<p>These efforts include hatchery programs and habitat restoration projects to support their numbers and maintain their role in the biodiversity of their native regions.</p>



<p>The study is published in the journal <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.13690" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Evolutionary Applications</em></a><em>.</em></p>



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Early-season fishing may shrink the size of salmon

A recent genetic study led by the University of Helsinki...

Happy,Business,People,Smile,During,A,Planning,Meeting,In,A

<p>Navigating the pressures of the modern workplace can be akin to walking a tightrope. Tight deadlines, resource crunches, and ever-shifting priorities -- all of these can push an employee's mental and physical health to the brink, sometimes with disastrous results. </p>



<p>In Belgium alone, a staggering 66.4% of individuals on disability for psychological reasons are grappling with <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/mindfulness-protects-against-work-stress-burnout/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">depression or burnout</a>.</p>



<p>This isn't just a Belgian issue. Across the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (<a href="https://www.oecd.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">OECD</a>), a significant proportion of workers (47.6%) with mental health issues have missed work in the past year. </p>



<p>The question is, how do we support these individuals when they return to the very environment that may have contributed to their struggles?</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-workplace-reintegration">Workplace reintegration</h2>



<p><a href="https://www.earth.com/news/record-number-of-americans-are-high-on-marijuana-at-work/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Employees</a> who take time off work due to mental health issues face significant challenges when returning to their jobs.</p>



<p>Research indicates a high likelihood of experiencing a relapse in mental health conditions,&nbsp;with a majority of these relapses happening within three years of returning to work,&nbsp;and a considerable portion within the first year itself.</p>



<p>Therefore,&nbsp;it's crucial to recognize that the reintegration process goes beyond simply filling an empty role.&nbsp;It is a complex process that requires a focus on the employee's well-being,&nbsp;aiming to cultivate their long-term engagement and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/cognitive-stimulation-at-work-helps-prevent-memory-problems/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">productivity</a> within the company.&nbsp;</p>



<p>This involves providing support,&nbsp;understanding,&nbsp;and resources to help the employee successfully readjust to the workplace and maintain their mental health.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-colleagues-in-the-reintegration-process">Colleagues in the reintegration process</h2>



<p>Successful reintegration isn't just about the relationship between an employee and their employer. It's also about the often-overlooked dynamic between the returning employee and their colleagues.</p>



<p>For the returning worker to be successfully reintegrated, it's essential for her or his coworkers to understand the importance of their providing support. </p>



<p>This can be tricky, as reintegration measures, such as part-time work, tailored arrangements, and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/workplace-stress-can-double-mens-heart-disease-risk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">limited stressful tasks</a>, might be perceived as 'privileges' by other team members.</p>



<p>In such cases, clear communication related to employees mental health is paramount. The rationale behind these measures needs to be explained to the team, without compromising medical privacy. </p>



<p>The goal is to foster understanding that these adjustments are not just about one individual, but about the long-term health and productivity of the entire team.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-managing-workplace-mental-health">Managing workplace mental health</h2>



<p>It's crucial to manage the team's expectations of their returning colleague. Uncertainty about what they can and can't expect can lead to friction, especially when the returning employee and employer strive to adhere to the agreed-upon work limits.</p>



<p>Therefore,&nbsp;it's crucial for managers to explain the rationale behind the special accommodations made for the returning employee to their colleagues,&nbsp;while being mindful of maintaining the employee's medical confidentiality.&nbsp;</p>



<p>This explanation should emphasize that these measures are not special treatment, but rather essential steps to safeguard the<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/for-men-relationship-satisfaction-can-prevent-workplace-burnout/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> long-term health</a> and productivity of the individual. </p>



<p>By doing so, the entire organization benefits, as a healthy and productive employee contributes to the overall success of the team and company.</p>



<p>This includes being transparent about the returning employee's capabilities and limitations, and communicating the expected pace of reintegration. </p>



<p>The importance of delegating tasks to the returning employee through their direct supervisor, rather than having them available to everyone, is also stressed.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-sustainable-reintegration-policy">Sustainable reintegration policy</h2>



<p>Many companies still don't have well-developed and sustainable reintegration policies. They offer several starting points, which ideally form part of a broader, open approach to absenteeism:</p>



<ul>
<li><strong>Cultivate a supportive culture:</strong> A workplace that values mental health and understands the importance of supporting returning colleagues lays the groundwork for successful reintegration.<br></li>



<li><strong>Invest in training:</strong> Equipping managers and team members with the skills to recognize mental health issues, provide support, and foster an inclusive environment is key.<br></li>



<li><strong>Encourage open communication:</strong> Transparency builds trust and reduces stigma, especially when an employee takes a temporary mental health leave. Regular meetings and feedback sessions during reintegration can help address any concerns.<br></li>



<li><strong>Embrace flexibility:</strong> Policies should be adaptable to the needs of returning employees, such as flexible hours or a gradual increase in workload.<br></li>



<li><strong>Harness the power of peer support:</strong> Colleagues with similar experiences can offer invaluable insights and emotional support.<br></li>
</ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-strategic-imperative-to-employees-mental-health">Strategic imperative to employees mental health</h2>



<p>Sustainable reintegration is not simply an act of compassion for better mental health. It's a strategic imperative for employee retention and organizational resilience.</p>



<p>Understanding and implementing effective reintegration strategies will lead to healthier workplaces, lower turnover rates, and ultimately, a more robust and committed workforce.</p>



<p>The responsibility for successful reintegration doesn't rest solely on the individual or their manager. It's a collective endeavor that requires a supportive, understanding, and flexible workplace <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/study-despite-working-long-hours-an-average-day-in-human-life-may-surprise-you/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">environment</a>. </p>



<p>By prioritizing these elements, companies can ensure their employees not only return to work but truly thrive in their roles.</p>



<p>-----</p>



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Practical guide to maintaining mental health in the workplace

Navigating the pressures of the modern workplace can be akin...

<p>Ever wondered what your furry friend is really saying when they bark? It turns out, we might soon be able to understand our canine companion's speech better than ever before. Researchers at the <a href="https://news.umich.edu/using-ai-to-decode-dog-vocalizations/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Michigan</a> are using artificial intelligence (AI) to decipher the language of dog barks, with some surprising results.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-from-human-speech-to-dog-barks">From human speech to dog barks</h2>



<p>The team's innovative approach involved leveraging AI models originally designed for human speech to analyze dog vocalizations. </p>



<p>"By using speech processing models initially trained on human speech, our research opens a new window into how we can leverage what we built so far in speech processing to start understanding the nuances of dog barks," explained Professor Rada Mihalcea, director of U-M's <a href="https://ai.engin.umich.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">AI Laboratory</a>.</p>



<p>This approach proved surprisingly effective, allowing the researchers to identify different types of barks, such as those indicating playfulness or aggression. </p>



<p>But the model's capabilities didn't stop there. It was also able to glean additional information from the vocalizations, such as the dog's age, breed, and sex.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-scarcity-of-dog-data">Scarcity of dog data</h2>



<p>One of the major hurdles in developing <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/language-like-patterns-decoded-in-sperm-whale-communication/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">AI models for animal communication</a> is the limited amount of available data. While there are vast resources for recording human speech, collecting similar data from animals is a much more complex task.</p>



<p>"Animal vocalizations are logistically much harder to solicit and record," said Artem Abzaliev, lead author and U-M doctoral student in computer science and engineering. "They must be passively recorded in the wild or, in the case of domestic pets, with the permission of owners."</p>



<p>To tackle this challenge, the researchers turned to a dataset of dog vocalizations recorded from 74 dogs of various breeds, ages, and sexes in diverse contexts.</p>



<p>By adapting an existing machine-learning model called Wav2Vec2, originally trained on human speech, they were able to successfully interpret the acoustic data from the dogs.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-human-speech-ai-and-dog-barks">Human speech AI and dog barks</h2>



<p>The results were impressive. The Wav2Vec2 model not only achieved a remarkable 70% accuracy in classifying different types of barks but also outperformed other models specifically trained on dog bark data. </p>



<p>This is a significant step forward, demonstrating that AI models optimized for human speech can be effectively repurposed for decoding animal communication.</p>



<p>"This is the first time that techniques optimized for human speech have been built upon to help with the decoding of animal communication," said Mihalcea.</p>



<p>"Our results show that the sounds and patterns derived from human speech can serve as a foundation for analyzing and understanding the acoustic patterns of other sounds, such as animal vocalizations."</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-study-implications">Study implications </h2>



<p>The ability to better understand dog vocalizations has wide-ranging implications. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-improved-animal-welfare">Improved animal welfare</h3>



<p>By deciphering the nuances of barks,&nbsp;whines,&nbsp;and growls,&nbsp;we can better assess a dog's emotional and physical state.&nbsp;This can lead to more effective training techniques,&nbsp;improved veterinary care,&nbsp;and enhanced shelter environments tailored to individual needs.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-strengthened-human-canine-bond">Strengthened human-canine bond</h3>



<p>Knowing what our dogs are trying to <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-dogs-communicate-with-us-is-impacted-by-their-facial-markings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">communicate</a> allows for deeper empathy and connection.&nbsp;We can respond more appropriately to their needs,&nbsp;fostering trust and mutual understanding.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-enhanced-safety-nbsp">Enhanced safety&nbsp;</h3>



<p>Identifying aggressive or fearful vocalizations can help prevent bites and other dangerous situations,both for humans and other animals.&nbsp;This is particularly important in contexts like dog parks and shelters.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-advanced-dog-behavior-research-nbsp-with-human-speech-ai">Advanced dog behavior research&nbsp;with human speech AI</h3>



<p>AI-powered analysis of vocalizations opens new avenues for studying dog behavior,&nbsp;potentially revealing insights into their cognitive abilities,&nbsp;social dynamics,&nbsp;and emotional experiences.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-extended-applications-to-other-species">Extended applications to other species</h3>



<p>The success of this research demonstrates the potential of AI to decipher the communication of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/ai-can-monitor-biodiversity-through-animal-sounds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">other animals</a>. This could revolutionize our understanding of diverse species, from cats and horses to whales and elephants. </p>



<p>By analyzing their vocalizations,&nbsp;we can gain valuable insights into their behavior,&nbsp;social structures,&nbsp;and emotional states,&nbsp;ultimately contributing to better conservation and welfare efforts.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-future-of-interspecies-communication">Future of interspecies communication</h2>



<p>While the dream of fully understanding our pets may still be a way off, this research brings us closer than ever before. </p>



<p>"There is so much we don't yet know about the animals that share this world with us," said Mihalcea. "Advances in AI can be used to revolutionize our understanding of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/farmers-want-to-talk-to-their-cows-so-ai-is-helping-them-interpret-moos-and-burps/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">animal communication</a>, and our findings suggest that we may not have to start from scratch."</p>



<p>As AI continues to evolve, we can look forward to a future where <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/want-a-happier-marriage-try-the-loving-talk-you-use-with-your-dog/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">communication</a> barriers between humans and animals are gradually broken down, fostering a deeper understanding and connection.</p>



<p>The study is published in<em><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.18739" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> ArXiv.org</a></em>.</p>



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Dog barks can be translated using human speech patterns

Ever wondered what your furry friend is really saying when...

<p>In the face of a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/global-fertility-rates-are-quickly-declining-and-little-is-being-done-about-it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">global decline in fertility rates</a>, scientists have made a startling discovery that could be a major piece of the puzzle. Microplastics, the tiny, pervasive plastic particles that have infiltrated nearly every corner of our planet, have now been found lurking within human semen. </p>



<p>This unsettling revelation raises alarming questions about the impact of these insidious invaders on male reproductive health.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-microplastics-the-ubiquitous-pollutant">Microplastics: The ubiquitous pollutant</h2>



<p>Microplastics,&nbsp;tiny plastic fragments typically defined as smaller than 5 millimeters in length,&nbsp;have become a pervasive form of environmental pollution.&nbsp;</p>



<p>They originate from a wide array of sources,&nbsp;including the gradual breakdown of larger plastic debris like bottles and bags,&nbsp;the shedding of microscopic fibers from synthetic textiles during washing,&nbsp;and the degradation of plastic packaging materials due to environmental factors.&nbsp;</p>



<p>These minute particles have infiltrated ecosystems on a global scale, reaching the most remote and pristine environments, from the deepest ocean trenches like the Mariana Trench to the towering heights of Mount Everest. </p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-male-reproductive-health-and-fertility">Male reproductive health and fertility </h2>



<p>Recent research from <a href="https://english.qdu.edu.cn" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Qingdao University</a> has unveiled a new and alarming dimension to this issue: microplastics have now been detected within the human body, specifically in human semen. </p>



<p>This discovery raises significant concerns about the potential health effects of microplastic exposure, particularly in the context of male reproductive health and fertility.</p>



<p>"Microplastics are now ubiquitous, and they permeate ecosystems globally, from the deepest ocean to pristine mountain regions," wrote the researchers. This pervasive presence has raised concerns about the potential health effects of these tiny invaders.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-do-microplastics-enter-our-bodies">How do microplastics enter our bodies?</h2>



<p>We are exposed to microplastics through various channels, including the food we eat, the water we drink, and the air we breathe. These tiny particles can enter our bodies through ingestion, inhalation, and even skin contact. </p>



<p>Once inside, they can travel through the bloodstream and accumulate in different organs and tissues, including the reproductive system.</p>



<p>While the exact mechanisms by which microplastics affect human health are still under investigation, there is growing evidence that they can have a toxic toll.</p>



<p>Microplastics can release harmful chemicals, such as phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA), which are known to disrupt hormone function and have been linked to various health problems, including cancer and reproductive issues.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-microplastics-in-semen">Microplastics in semen</h2>



<p>In their research, the scientists analyzed semen samples collected from 36 men who were deemed to be in good health. The findings were startling: microplastics were detected in every single sample. </p>



<p>A total of eight distinct types of plastic were identified within these samples,&nbsp;including polystyrene,&nbsp;a common material used in the production of packaging foam,&nbsp;and polyvinyl chloride (PVC),&nbsp;a type of plastic frequently used in plumbing systems.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-are-microplastics-linked-to-declining-fertility-rates">Are microplastics linked to declining fertility rates?</h2>



<p>A particularly alarming discovery in the study was the correlation between the presence of PVC microplastics in semen and decreased sperm motility.&nbsp;Sperm motility,&nbsp;referring to the capacity of sperm to move effectively,&nbsp;is a critical factor in the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-body-prevents-multiple-sperm-from-fertilizing-an-egg/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">fertilization process</a>.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The research revealed that individuals with PVC microplastics in their semen exhibited reduced <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/covid-virus-can-remain-in-sperm-months-after-infection/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sperm</a> motility compared to those with only polystyrene microplastics present.&nbsp;</p>



<p>This finding suggests a possible connection between microplastic exposure,&nbsp;specifically PVC,&nbsp;and the worldwide decline in fertility rates observed in recent years.</p>



<p>"The widespread presence of these contaminants is alarming, mainly due to the implications they may have on male reproductive health," the researchers warned.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-other-risks-of-microplastics-in-semen">Other risks of microplastics in semen</h2>



<p>Microplastics have infiltrated our environment and now our bodies. The Qingdao University study has confirmed the presence of these particles in human semen, raising concerns beyond just <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/semen-has-its-own-microbiome-and-it-may-be-the-cause-of-infertility/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">infertility</a>. Some of the risks include:</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-systemic-inflammation">Systemic inflammation</h3>



<p>Microplastics can cause inflammation in the body. When these particles enter the bloodstream, they can reach various organs, including reproductive organs. This inflammation may not only affect sperm quality but also contribute to broader health issues, such as chronic inflammatory conditions.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-hormonal-disruption">Hormonal disruption</h3>



<p>Certain microplastics release chemicals that can mimic or interfere with hormones. This hormonal disruption can affect the endocrine system, leading to a variety of health problems. </p>



<p>In men, hormonal imbalance can impact not only fertility but also other aspects of reproductive health, such as testosterone levels and overall sexual health.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-microplastics-in-semen-damage-genes">Microplastics in semen damage genes</h3>



<p>There is growing concern that microplastics could cause <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/male-infertility-humans-linked-same-genes-gorilla-small-penises/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">genetic damage</a>. The chemicals leaching from these plastics might lead to mutations or damage to DNA. </p>



<p>Such genetic alterations could have long-term effects on overall health and potentially increase the risk of cancers or other genetic disorders.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-immune-system-impact">Immune system impact</h3>



<p>Microplastics might affect the immune system. Chronic exposure to these particles could weaken the body's immune response, making it more susceptible to infections and diseases. A compromised immune system can lead to a host of other health complications.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cardiovascular-risks">Cardiovascular risks</h3>



<p>The presence of microplastics in the bloodstream suggests they might also reach and impact the cardiovascular system. </p>



<p>These particles could contribute to cardiovascular diseases by causing inflammation in blood vessels or contributing to the development of atherosclerosis, where arteries become clogged with fatty substances.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-oxidative-stress">Oxidative stress</h3>



<p>Microplastics can induce oxidative stress, a condition where there's an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body. Oxidative stress is linked to numerous health problems, including aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and various chronic conditions.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-potential-carcinogenic-effects">Potential carcinogenic effects</h3>



<p>Some microplastics are known to be carcinogenic. Prolonged exposure to these particles might increase the risk of developing cancers. </p>



<p>This risk is particularly concerning given the widespread presence of microplastics in the environment and their ability to accumulate in the body over time.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-impacts-on-future-generations">Impacts on future generations</h3>



<p>If microplastics cause genetic damage or hormonal disruptions, these effects might be passed on to future generations. This potential transgenerational impact adds a layer of concern about the long-term consequences of microplastic exposure.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-significance-of-finding-microplastics-in-semen">Significance of finding microplastics in semen</h2>



<p>The discovery of microplastics in human semen is a wake-up call. It highlights the urgent need to address the issue of plastic pollution and its potential impact on human health. </p>



<p>We must reduce our reliance on plastic, improve waste management practices, and invest in research to better understand the long-term effects of microplastic exposure.</p>



<p>In the words of the researchers, this study is a "call for increased scientific scrutiny and public awareness regarding the potential reproductive hazards of microplastics, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding human health against the insidious threat of environmental contaminants." </p>



<p>The presence of microplastics in our bodies is a stark reminder that we are interconnected with the environment. What we do to the planet, we ultimately do to ourselves. </p>



<p>By taking action to reduce plastic pollution, we can protect not only our own health but also the health of future generations.</p>



<p>The study is published in&nbsp;journal <em><a class="" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969724036696#preview-section-references" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Science of The Total Environment</a>.</em>&nbsp;</p>



<p>-----</p>



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<p>-----</p>

Microplastics found in every semen sample tested

In the face of a global decline in fertility rates,...

<p>As the conversation about climate change intensifies, the EarthCARE satellite is poised to address a pressing question: Will clouds cool or warm our planet in the future? </p>



<p>EarthCARE is a joint mission by the <a href="https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Videos/2024/02/Coming_soon_EarthCARE" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">European Space Agency</a> (ESA) and Japan's JAXA space agency. The satellite, which was launched on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from California's Vandenberg base on May 28, aims to deepen our understanding of clouds and their profound effects on Earth's climate.</p>



<p>"EarthCARE, the most complex of all of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/FutureEO/Earth_Explorers_ESA_s_pioneering_science_missions_for_Earth" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ESA’s Earth Explorer missions</a>, will quantify and reduce the uncertainty about the role that clouds and aerosols play in heating and cooling Earth’s atmosphere – contributing to our better understanding of climate change," noted ESA.</p>



<p>"Understanding and monitoring Earth’s radiation balance is crucial for addressing climate-related issues and is something that can only be done from space."</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-behind-earthcare-s-mission">Behind EarthCARE's mission</h2>



<p>At an altitude of nearly 400 kilometers (250 miles) above Earth, the two-ton satellite will embark on a three-year journey to construct a detailed atmospheric profile. </p>



<p>This endeavor will illuminate the characteristics and behaviors of the diverse <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/cavum-clouds-nasa-captures-mysterious-holes-cloud-formation-florida/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cloud forms</a> - from the low-hovering cumulus to the towering cumulonimbus clouds.</p>



<div class="wp-block-sendtonews-playerselector">[sendtonews key="ZJv15sBRgy-3664339-12187" type="single"]</div>



<p>Clouds play a dual role in our atmosphere. White, bright cumulus clouds, composed of water droplets, float relatively low in the sky and act as a cooling parasol by reflecting solar radiation back into space. </p>



<p>In contrast, higher altitude cirrus clouds, made of ice crystals, allow solar radiation to pass through, warming the Earth, and then trap the heat, functioning like a thermal blanket.</p>



<p>Dominique Gillieron, who leads ESA's Earth observation projects, emphasized the significance of clouds in climate dynamics, noting their substantial yet poorly understood influence on climate change.</p>



<p>According to Gillieron, the variability in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-small-aerosols-influence-cloud-formation/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cloud formation</a> across different latitudes and altitudes makes predicting their impact even more challenging.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-unique-capabilities-of-earthcare">Unique capabilities of EarthCARE</h2>



<p>EarthCARE is set to revolutionize our understanding of the atmosphere as the first satellite to measure clouds' vertical and horizontal distributions.</p>



<p>Simonetta Cheli, Director of ESA's Earth observation programs, emphasized the satellite's unique capabilities.</p>



<p>“EarthCARE is the most complex of ESA’s research missions to date. Its development, and now launch, is thanks to close cooperation with our JAXA partners, who contributed the satellite’s cloud profiling radar instrument, and all of the space industry teams involved," said Cheli.</p>



<p>“The mission comes at a critical time when advancing our scientific knowledge is more important than ever to understand and act on climate change, and we very much look forward to receiving its first data.”</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-earthcare-will-compile-a-comprehensive-cloud-dataset">EarthCARE will compile a comprehensive cloud dataset</h2>



<p>Equipped with advanced instruments, EarthCARE will probe the depths of clouds using a Lidar instrument that emits laser pulses to measure clouds and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/aerosol-formation-earths-lower-atmosphere-soas/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">atmospheric aerosols</a> - tiny particles that serve as cloud precursors.</p>



<p>Additionally, the satellite's radar can penetrate clouds to determine their water content and monitor their movement speed, akin to how terrestrial radar detects speeding vehicles. </p>



<p>These technological advancements will also allow the satellite to assess the shape and temperature of clouds, compiling the most comprehensive cloud dataset from a satellite perspective to date.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-implications-for-climate-science">Implications for climate science</h2>



<p>The scientific community is on the edge of its seat, awaiting the data that EarthCARE will deliver. This information is crucial for refining climate models that predict the rate of global warming. Understanding how solar radiation interacts with clouds is key to grasping and mitigating the effects of human-induced <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/clouds-have-an-amplifying-effect-on-global-warming/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">global warming</a>.</p>



<p>The mission will explore whether the cooling effect of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/cloud-engineering-can-temporarily-cool-our-planet/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">clouds</a> - currently more significant than their warming effect - will intensify or weaken. According to Gillieron, the changing distribution of clouds due to global warming makes this trend increasingly unpredictable.</p>



<p>"EarthCARE is being launched at an even more crucial time than when it was first conceived in 2004," said Cheli, highlighting the growing urgency to address climate change effectively.</p>



<p>As the satellite moves into orbit, the insights it promises to deliver are not just scientific but pivotal in shaping our strategies against a warming world. This mission is about securing a sustainable future for Earth beneath the ever-changing clouds.</p>



<p>-----</p>



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EarthCARE satellite will reveal the climate effects of clouds

As the conversation about climate change intensifies, the EarthCARE satellite...

<p>Have you ever wondered what your little one hears throughout the day? We all know babies are surrounded by a symphony of coos, giggles, and words from doting caregivers. But what about music and speech?&nbsp;</p>



<p>A recent study from the <a href="https://www.washington.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Washington</a> has revealed some unexpected findings that might make you rethink your baby's playlist – or lack thereof.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-baby-s-world-of-speech-and-music">Baby's world of speech and music</h2>



<p>Scientists have long been fascinated by the impact of sound on infants' <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/visual-diets-of-infants-provide-the-building-blocks-of-human-vision/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">development</a>. We know that the amount of speech a baby hears is crucially linked to their language skills. But until now, the role of music in their early lives has remained largely a mystery.</p>



<p>Christina Zhao, a research assistant professor of speech and hearing sciences at the UW, led a team to investigate this unexplored territory. "We wanted to get a snapshot of what's happening in infants' home environments," explained Zhao.</p>



<p>"Quite a few studies have looked at how many words babies hear at home, and they’ve shown that it’s the amount of infant-directed speech that’s important in language <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/five-scientifically-proven-steps-for-thriving-infant-development/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">development</a>. We realized we don’t know anything about what type of music babies are hearing and how it compares to speech.”"</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-more-speech-less-music-around-babies">More speech, less music around babies</h2>



<p>To peek into the world of infant sound, the researchers analyzed daylong audio recordings from homes with babies aged 6, 10, 14, 18, and 24 months. They found a surprising lack of music.</p>



<p>"We're shocked at how little music is in these recordings," said Zhao. "The majority of music is not intended for babies." Think background tunes on the radio or streaming services – not lullabies or nursery rhymes.</p>



<p>This stark contrast between speech and music raises intriguing questions. Is this just a quirk of modern parenting? Or does the type of music a baby hears truly matter?</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-music-s-impact-on-babies-development">Music's impact on babies development</h2>



<p>To investigate the potential impact of music on infant <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/talking-to-babies-in-parentese-boosts-their-language-development/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">development</a>,&nbsp;Zhao's team revisited their earlier research.&nbsp;In prior laboratory studies,&nbsp;they had conducted experiments involving interactive music sessions with infants.&nbsp;</p>



<p>During these sessions,&nbsp;babies were given instruments to play with while listening and moving to music.&nbsp;The researchers discovered that these interactive musical experiences led to a measurable improvement in the infants' neural responses to speech sounds.</p>



<p>"We did that twice," noted Zhao. "Both times, we saw the same result: that music intervention was enhancing infant's neural responses to speech sounds." </p>



<p>This led the experts to wonder - if intentional, interactive music has such a positive effect, what's the impact of the mostly ambient music that babies typically hear?</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-future-directions">Future directions</h2>



<p>This initial study represents a starting point for a broader research program on impact of speech and music on babies. The University of Washington team is committed to expanding their investigation beyond the current sample.&nbsp;</p>



<p>They plan to include families from a wider range of cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds to understand how different environments might influence the types of sounds babies encounter.</p>



<p>Specifically, the researchers are interested in exploring whether cultural variations in music and language exposure might impact infants' auditory experiences and, potentially, their <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/babies-talk-more-when-interacting-with-artificial-objects-than-with-things-made-by-nature/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">development</a>.&nbsp;</p>



<p>This expanded research will delve into how early sound exposure may shape language acquisition, cognitive skills, and other developmental milestones in children.&nbsp;</p>



<p>By examining diverse populations, the study aims to uncover potential connections between early auditory experiences and long-term developmental outcomes, offering insights into the complex relationship between sound and child development.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-does-this-mean-for-babies">What does this mean for babies?</h2>



<p>Although the exact effects of music on infant <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/male-babies-talk-more-than-females-during-the-first-year/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">development</a> are not yet fully understood, this research underscores the significance of auditory input in a baby's early learning environment.&nbsp;</p>



<p>It highlights that babies are continuously absorbing information from the sounds they encounter, emphasizing the importance of creating a rich and stimulating auditory landscape for them.</p>



<p>So, why not make those sounds intentional? Sing to your baby, dance with them, and put on some music that's made just for their tiny ears. Who knows, you might be giving their brain a boost – and having a whole lot of fun in the process.</p>



<p>The study is published in the journal <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/desc.13528" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Developmental Science</em></a>.</p>



<p>-----</p>



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Babies hear far more speech at home than music

Have you ever wondered what your little one hears throughout...

<p>The British Isles, known for their picturesque landscapes and winding rivers, harbor a hidden marvel within their waterways -- genetically distinct trout <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/oceans-are-quickly-losing-ability-to-support-fish-due-to-plankton-loss/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">populations</a> thriving in metal-polluted river environments. </p>



<p>These seemingly ordinary fish have evolved into resilient survivors, yet their isolation and lack of genetic diversity raise concerns about their future.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-trout-s-adaptation-in-rivers">Trout's adaptation in rivers</h2>



<p>A new study has revealed the genetic secrets of these remarkable trout. By analyzing the DNA of brown trout from 71 sites across Britain and Ireland, researchers discovered that those living in metal-polluted rivers are genetically isolated from their counterparts in cleaner waters.</p>



<p>"We found massively reduced genetic diversity in some of these trout populations inhabiting metal-impacted waters," explained Professor Jamie Stevens from the <a href="https://www.exeter.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Exeter</a>. </p>



<p>"These fish carry a high burden of metals, with toxic binding of dissolved metals to their gills causing suffocation, but trout that can tolerate this have emerged in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/predicting-the-effects-of-pollutants-on-river-ecosystems/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">polluted rivers</a>." </p>



<p>This isolation is a direct result of the harsh selection pressure imposed by metal pollution. Over time, only those trout with a genetic tolerance for metals could survive in these toxic environments. Consequently, they became genetically distinct from other trout populations, unable to exchange genes.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-resilience-vs-vulnerability">Resilience vs. vulnerability</h2>



<p>While these metal-tolerant trout have successfully <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/fish-migrating-towards-poles-escape-warming-waters/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">adapted</a> to their polluted habitats, their genetic isolation has come at a cost.&nbsp;</p>



<p>"The genetic diversity that allowed them to adapt to this rapid change in their environment is now lacking – leaving them more vulnerable to future changes," notes Dr. Daniel Osmond, who conducted the research as part of his PhD at Exeter.</p>



<p>This lack of genetic diversity leaves the trout populations susceptible to various threats. They may struggle to cope with new diseases, parasites, or environmental changes that could arise in the future. The very trait that allowed them to survive in metal-polluted waters has become a potential weakness.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-trout-genes-in-polluted-rivers">Trout genes in polluted rivers</h2>



<p>The story of these isolated trout <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/toxic-legacy-decades-old-ddt-found-in-deep-sea-fish/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">populations</a> is intertwined with the industrial history of the British Isles. Many of the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/iconic-american-rivers-are-threatened-by-pollution/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">polluted rivers</a> were once home to bustling mining operations. They released heavy metals like lead and copper into the water.</p>



<p>"Throughout different periods of history, these mined regions have been globally important in their industrial production of many metals," Dr. Osmond elaborates.</p>



<p>"This however has left polluted landscapes such as West Cornwall, which is effectively a giant honeycomb of old mines. When rain comes, these can fill with water and that can flow out into rivers."</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-troubling-pattern-of-repeated-divergence">Troubling pattern of repeated divergence</h2>



<p>The study found that this genetic isolation and reduced diversity occurred in trout populations inhabiting metal-polluted rivers across multiple regions, including Cornwall, Wales, and northeast England. </p>



<p>This suggests a repeated pattern of<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/fish-are-getting-smaller-as-waters-temperatures-rise/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> evolutionary divergence</a> in response to similar environmental pressures.</p>



<p>Furthermore, the researchers discovered that physical barriers, such as dams and weirs, exacerbate the genetic isolation in rivers that are both polluted and physically obstructed. This highlights the need for a multifaceted approach to conservation efforts.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-mitigating-the-impact">Mitigating the impact</h2>



<p>The researchers propose implementing measures to mitigate the genetic isolation observed in these trout populations. </p>



<p>By reducing the outflow of contaminated water from abandoned mines, the levels of metal pollutants in rivers could be lowered. </p>



<p>This would make it easier for trout from different populations to interbreed, as the water would no longer be a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/toxic-legacy-decades-old-ddt-found-in-deep-sea-fish/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">toxic barrier</a>.</p>



<p>Additionally, removing physical obstacles like dams and weirs would further facilitate the movement and mixing of trout between different river sections. </p>



<p>This increased gene flow would introduce new genetic variations into isolated populations, boosting their genetic diversity. </p>



<p>A more diverse gene pool would equip these trout with a wider range of traits, making them better able to adapt to future environmental changes or disease outbreaks.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-lessons-for-the-future">Lessons for the future</h2>



<p>The story of these genetically isolated trout populations serves as a stark reminder of the lasting impact of human activities on the environment. </p>



<p>While their resilience is a testament to the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/fish-evolution-takes-place-in-decades-not-millions-of-years/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">power of evolution</a>, their vulnerability underscores the importance of safeguarding genetic diversity.</p>



<p>By understanding the genetic consequences of pollution and habitat fragmentation, we can make informed decisions to protect and conserve our natural heritage. </p>



<p>This research provides valuable insights for future conservation efforts and highlights the need to address the legacy of industrial pollution in our rivers and streams.</p>



<p>The study is published in the esteemed journal <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ddi.13854" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Diversity and Distributions</em></a>.</p>



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Trout living in polluted rivers evolved to tolerate high metal levels in the waters

The British Isles, known for their picturesque landscapes and winding...

<p>For over 400 years, scientists have been puzzled by the origins of the sun's magnetic field -- <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/see-the-sun-in-exquisite-detail-in-rare-solar-orbiter-video/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">a mystery</a> that even baffled Galileo Galilei. </p>



<p>Recent findings by an international team of researchers, including engineers from <a href="https://www.northwestern.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Northwestern University</a>, may finally offer a solution.</p>



<p>Through a series of complex calculations on a NASA supercomputer, the team discovered that the sun's magnetic field is generated about 20,000 miles below its surface, contradicting previous theories that suggested a much deeper origin.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-peeling-back-layers-of-the-sun-s-magnetic-field">Peeling back layers of the sun's magnetic field</h2>



<p>The revelation not only deepens our understanding of the sun’s dynamic processes but also enhances our ability to predict powerful <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/extreme-rare-g5-level-geomagnetic-storm-highest-level-hits-earth/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">solar storms</a>.</p>



<p>These storms, while sometimes providing stunning displays like the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/northern-lights-linked-to-electrons-traveling-at-millions-of-miles-per-hour/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Northern Lights</a>, can also cause severe damage to satellites, electrical grids, and radio communications on Earth.</p>



<p>"Understanding the origin of the sun’s magnetic field has been an open question since Galileo and is important for predicting future solar activity, like flares that could hit the Earth," said study co-author Daniel Lecoanet, an assistant professor at Northwestern's McCormick School of Engineering.</p>



<p>"This work proposes a new hypothesis for how the sun’s magnetic field is generated that better matches solar observations and, we hope, could be used to make better predictions of solar activity."</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-historical-puzzle">Historical puzzle</h2>



<p>Galileo first documented the sun's magnetic activity in 1612, observing sunspots with early telescopes and even with the naked eye. </p>



<p>These dark patches, caused by the sun’s <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthpedia-articles/earths-magnetic-field-origin-structure-and-impact-on-humanity/">fluct</a><a href="https://www.earth.com/earthpedia-articles/earths-magnetic-field-origin-structure-and-impact-on-humanity/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">u</a><a href="https://www.earth.com/earthpedia-articles/earths-magnetic-field-origin-structure-and-impact-on-humanity/">ating</a> magnetic field, have been studied extensively over the centuries.</p>



<p>Despite significant progress in understanding the solar dynamo - the process that generates the magnetic field - many questions have remained unresolved.</p>



<p>Previous theories suggested deep origins for the dynamo, predicting solar features that astronomers have never observed, such as strong magnetic fields at high latitudes.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-filling-in-the-missing-pieces">Filling in the missing pieces</h2>



<p>To address these gaps, the research team developed advanced numerical simulations to model the sun’s magnetic field. Their model accounts for torsional oscillations, a cyclical pattern of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/team-creates-video-showing-the-sun-in-gamma-rays-over-a-14-year-period/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">gas and plasma flow</a> within and around the sun.</p>



<p>Unlike solid celestial bodies like Earth and the moon, the sun's rotation varies with latitude, contributing to its complex magnetic behavior. </p>



<p><a href="https://www.earth.com/news/northern-lights-activity-will-intensify-over-the-next-18-months/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The 11-year</a> solar magnetic cycle, mirrored by the torsional oscillations, pointed to a potential link between these phenomena.</p>



<p>"Because the wave has the same period as the magnetic cycle, it has been thought that these phenomena were linked," Lecoanet explained. </p>



<p>"However, the traditional ‘deep theory’ of the solar magnetic field does not explain where these torsional oscillations come from. An intriguing clue is that the torsional oscillations are only near the surface of the sun. Our hypothesis is that the magnetic cycle and the torsional oscillations are different manifestations of the same physical process."</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-advancing-solar-predictions">Advancing solar predictions</h2>



<p>Kyle Augustson, a postdoctoral fellow in Lecoanet’s lab, ran the numerical simulations that provided a quantitative explanation for properties observed in the torsional oscillations. </p>



<p>The model also clarified the patterns of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/giant-sunspot-archipelago-15-times-wider-than-earth-spotted-by-nasa/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sunspots</a> in relation to the sun’s magnetic activity, addressing a key missing detail from the deep origin theory.</p>



<p>With this improved understanding of the sun's dynamo, researchers are hopeful about enhancing forecasts for solar storms. </p>



<p>Such storms can significantly disrupt electrical and telecommunications infrastructure, including GPS systems.</p>



<p>The recent solar storms, for instance, knocked out navigational tools for farming equipment during peak planting season.</p>



<p>Looking back, the researchers cite the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/carrington-event-biggest-solar-storm-history-radiocarbon-earth-tree-rings/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Carrington Event</a> of 1859 as a cautionary example. This intense solar storm damaged Canada's nascent telegraph system and serves as a stark reminder of the potential damage from future events. </p>



<p>"While the recent solar storms were powerful, we’re worried about even more powerful storms like the Carrington Event," noted Lecoanet. "If a storm of similar intensity hit the United States today, it would cause an estimated $1 trillion to $2 trillion in damage."</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-unraveling-the-sun-s-magnetic-field">Unraveling the sun's magnetic field</h2>



<p>Though many aspects of solar dynamics remain mysterious, this research represents a significant leap forward in solving one of the oldest unsolved problems in theoretical physics: the origin of the sun's magnetic field. </p>



<p>By enhancing our ability to predict dangerous solar activity, we can better prepare for and mitigate the potential impacts of future solar storms.</p>



<p>The study is published in the journal <em><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07315-1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nature</a></em>.</p>



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Origin of the Sun's magnetic field discovered after 400 years

For over 400 years, scientists have been puzzled by the...

<p>Plants have always been the unsung heroes of our homes, quietly converting carbon dioxide into oxygen and purifying our air while we go about our lives. But what if they could do more?</p>



<p>What if they could actively combat the invisible <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/u-s-air-pollution-levels-have-dropped-but-not-for-everyone/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">pollutants</a> that lurk in our indoor air? Enter Neo Px, the bioengineered pothos plant poised to revolutionize the way we purify our homes.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-hidden-dangers-of-indoor-air">Hidden dangers of indoor air</h2>



<p>Recent studies have shown that the air quality within our homes can be surprisingly worse than the air outside. In fact, indoor air can contain two to five times the amount of pollutants compared to outdoor air. </p>



<p>A significant contributor to this problem is a group of chemicals called volatile organic compounds,&nbsp;or VOCs.&nbsp;These gaseous pollutants are emitted from a wide range of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/green-cleaning-products-may-be-as-harmful-as-traditional-ones/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">common household items</a>,&nbsp;including cleaning products,&nbsp;furniture,&nbsp;paints,&nbsp;and building materials.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Even seemingly harmless objects like <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/gas-stoves-release-more-harmful-nanoparticles-than-vehicle-exhaust/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">gas stoves</a>, carpets, air fresheners, and personal care products can release VOCs into the air we breathe. </p>



<p>Over time, the accumulation of these pollutants can significantly degrade indoor air quality, potentially leading to health issues.</p>



<p>The health implications of VOC exposure are nothing to sneeze at. "These <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/chemical-composition-of-us-air-pollution-has-changed-over-time/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">chemicals</a> are associated with a range of adverse health effects, including cancer, especially for the young, older people, and people who are already vulnerable," said Tracey Woodruff, a professor of reproductive sciences at the <a href="https://www.ucsf.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of California, San Francisco</a>.</p>



<p>"They can bring respiratory related effects or reproductive health effects... like adverse pregnancy outcomes, preterm birth, miscarriages, as well as <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/magnetic-particles-in-air-pollution-may-lead-to-alzheimers-disease/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">neurological disorders</a> like Parkinson's."</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-pretty-air-purifying-plant">A pretty air purifying plant</h2>



<p>The air purifier may appear to be a <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthpedia-articles/houseplant-identification-101/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">typical pothos plant</a> with its familiar variegated foliage,&nbsp;but it is far from ordinary.&nbsp;This innovative houseplant has been enhanced with a unique feature:&nbsp;a carefully engineered microbiome.&nbsp;</p>



<p>This microbiome, a community of beneficial microorganisms, is the key to Neo Px's exceptional air-purifying abilities. </p>



<p>Unlike regular houseplants that passively absorb some pollutants, Neo Px actively breaks down and neutralizes harmful VOCs through the metabolic action of its microbiome. </p>



<p>"This bacteria colonizes the plant's roots, soil and leaves...[and] absorbs the VOCs to grow and reproduce. The plant is there to create this ecosystem for the bacteria. So we have a symbiotic system between plants and bacteria," explains Lionel Mora, co-founder of Neoplants, the French startup behind <a href="https://neoplants.com/product/neo-px" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Neo Px</a>.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-future-of-air-purification-via-plants">Future of air purification via plants</h2>



<p>While the current version of Neo Px relies on a microbiome to purify the air, Neoplants has even bigger plans for the future. </p>



<p>They envision genetically modified plants that can directly metabolize VOCs, further enhancing their air-purifying capabilities.</p>



<p>Beyond indoor air quality, Neoplants sees the potential for their technology to address global challenges like climate change. </p>



<p>The company is actively researching the potential of genetically modifying trees to enhance their capacity for carbon dioxide absorption, a critical step in combating climate change. </p>



<p>Additionally,&nbsp;they are exploring the development of crop varieties that are more resilient to drought conditions,&nbsp;offering a potential solution to the increasing threat of water scarcity in many regions.&nbsp;</p>



<p>These ambitious goals are underpinned by the company's strong foundation in plant science and biotechnology,&nbsp;positioning them as a leader in the field of plant-based solutions for a sustainable future.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-green-investment-in-a-cleaner-future">Green investment in a cleaner future</h2>



<p>Google product manager Vincent Nallatamby, an early investor in Neoplants, is a testament to the product's appeal. He proudly displays his Neo Px in his San Francisco home, a testament to the plant's aesthetic and functional value.</p>



<p>"It's more my wife who takes care of them, except this one. This one's me!" Nallatamby jokes.</p>



<p>As more and more people become aware of the hidden dangers of indoor air pollution, it's clear that Neo Px has tapped into a growing demand for healthier, more sustainable living. This is a movement towards a future where our homes are not only beautiful but also actively contribute to our well-being.</p>



<p>With its innovative approach to air purification and its commitment to a greener future, Neo Px is not just a super plant; it's a super solution for a cleaner, healthier world.</p>



<p>-----</p>



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Bioengineered 'super plant' acts as a natural indoor air purifier

Plants have always been the unsung heroes of our homes,...

Hands,Holding,Freshly,Harvested,Delishious,Green-lipped,Mussels,(known,As,Greenshell

<p>The Oregon coast, renowned for its rugged beauty and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/mussels-near-fracking-sites-are-still-radioactive-years-later/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">bountiful seafood</a>, is facing an unprecedented shellfish crisis. </p>



<p>A massive outbreak of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) has forced authorities to take drastic measures, closing the entire coastline to mussel harvesting and imposing restrictions on other popular shellfish like clams and oysters.</p>



<p>"We've had a paralytic shellfish poisoning event in Oregon that we have never seen in the state," declared Matthew Hunter, the shellfish program manager for the <a href="https://www.dfw.state.or.us" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife</a>. </p>



<p>The sheer scale of the outbreak, affecting multiple shellfish species and sickening at least 20 people, has set alarm bells ringing.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-paralytic-shellfish-poisoning-in-oregon">Paralytic shellfish poisoning in Oregon</h2>



<p>Before we dive deeper, let's get to know the villain of our story: PSP. This condition is caused by saxitoxin, a neurotoxin produced by certain types of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/marine-algae-genes-chlorophyll-boost-crop-yields-land-plants/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">algae</a>. </p>



<p>When shellfish like <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/young-mussels-are-ideal-for-ecosystem-restoration/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">mussels</a>, clams, and oysters feed on these algae, they accumulate the toxin in their tissues.</p>



<p>Consuming shellfish contaminated with high levels of saxitoxin can lead to a range of symptoms, usually appearing within 30 to 60 minutes. </p>



<p>Think numbness of the mouth and lips, vomiting, diarrhea, and in severe cases, even difficulty breathing and irregular heartbeat. Scary stuff, right?</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-survey-on-shellfish-from-oregon-waters">Survey on shellfish from Oregon waters</h2>



<p>The specific factors that triggered this outbreak are still unknown, but state health officials are actively investigating. </p>



<p>They are urging everyone who has collected or consumed shellfish from Oregon waters since May 13th to complete a survey.</p>



<p>The information gathered from this survey will be essential in helping investigators identify the origin of the contamination and determine how widespread the problem is.&nbsp;</p>



<p>By understanding the scope of the outbreak and identifying its source,&nbsp;authorities can take steps to prevent future occurrences and ensure the safety of shellfish consumers.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-closures-and-restrictions-in-oregon">Closures and restrictions in Oregon</h2>



<p>The impact of this crisis is far-reaching. Not only has mussel harvesting been banned along the entire Oregon coast, but razor clam harvesting has also been shut down along a vast stretch of coastline, from Yachats to the California border. </p>



<p>Bay clam harvesting on the north coast and commercial oyster harvesting in Netarts and Tillamook bays have also been halted.</p>



<p>These closures are a major blow to Oregon's coastal communities, where shellfish harvesting is a vital part of the local economy and culture. "Public health and safety is our top priority," Hunter notes.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-silver-lining">Silver lining</h2>



<p>Although the current situation is concerning, there is reason for optimism. The <a href="https://www.oregon.gov/ODA/Pages/default.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Oregon Department of Agriculture</a> is actively working to address the problem by conducting frequent tests on shellfish samples. </p>



<p>Their goal is to reopen areas for harvesting as soon as it is safe to do so. To ensure public safety, the department has established a strict protocol for reopening. </p>



<p>An area can only be reopened after two consecutive tests show that toxin levels in the shellfish have fallen below the established safety limit. </p>



<p>This rigorous approach aims to protect consumers and prevent further cases of shellfish poisoning.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-stay-informed-and-stay-safe">Stay informed and stay safe</h2>



<p>If you're heading to the Oregon coast or enjoy eating shellfish, it's very important to check the latest news and rules about shellfish harvesting. The situation is changing rapidly, and some areas are off-limits due to the risk of poisoning.</p>



<p>Always refer to the Oregon Department of Agriculture website for the most up-to-date and reliable information on which areas are safe and which are closed.</p>



<p>It's also crucial to understand that even if you cook or freeze shellfish that contains toxins, it will not be safe to eat. The toxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning cannot be destroyed by heat or cold. </p>



<p>Therefore, the safest option is to avoid harvesting or consuming shellfish from any areas that have been closed due to contamination concerns.</p>



<p>The Oregon shellfish crisis serves as a stark reminder of the delicate balance between humans and the natural world. While we enjoy the bounty of the ocean, we must also respect its power and the potential risks it holds.&nbsp;</p>



<p>By staying informed, following safety guidelines, and supporting responsible harvesting practices, we can ensure that future generations can also savor the delicious and nutritious shellfish that Oregon's coast has to offer.</p>



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Coastal mussel harvesting shut down due to shellfish poison outbreak

The Oregon coast, renowned for its rugged beauty and bountiful...

<p>If you were asked to name the heroes of Earth's evolution, chances are worms wouldn't top the list. Yet, new research suggests these <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/even-simplest-organisms-like-worms-have-unique-personalities/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">humble burrowers</a> played a pivotal role in one of the most significant periods of biodiversity growth on our planet.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-great-ordovician-biodiversification-event">Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event</h2>



<p>Approximately 480 million years ago, a pivotal event in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/evolution-is-not-as-random-as-we-thought/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Earth's history</a> took place, known as the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/ancient-meteor-shower-life-ocean/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">GOBE</a>). </p>



<p>This event spanned a considerable duration of roughly 30 million years and marked a period of extraordinary diversification in the planet's biosphere, especially with marine life. </p>



<p>The number of marine genera increased dramatically, particularly among invertebrates such as <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/rapid-changes-in-oxygen-linked-to-first-mass-extinction/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">brachiopods</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-trilobites-adapted-to-survive-300-million-years-of-climate-change/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">trilobites</a>, bryozoans, and mollusks. </p>



<p>This diversification occurred across various marine habitats, from shallow shelf areas to deep ocean environments.</p>



<p>Several factors likely contributed to the GOBE. The breakup of the supercontinent <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthpedia-articles/supercontinents-101-pannotia-gondwana-and-pangea/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Gondwana</a> increased the length of coastlines and created new habitats for marine life to colonize. </p>



<p>Additionally, a rise in sea levels during the Ordovician expanded the area of shallow continental shelves, providing more space for biodiversity to flourish. </p>



<p>Changes in ocean chemistry, such as increased oxygenation and nutrient availability, may have also played a role in supporting the proliferation of life.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-prehistoric-worms-in-evolution">Prehistoric worms in evolution</h2>



<p>Researchers at <a href="https://www.jhu.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Johns Hopkins University</a> unveiled a remarkable discovery that challenges traditional understanding of the GOBE. </p>



<p>Their findings suggest that the seemingly insignificant burrowing behaviors of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/predatory-worms-were-terror-beasts-half-a-billion-years-ago/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">prehistoric worms</a> and other invertebrates in the ocean floor may have been the driving force behind this significant evolutionary explosion. </p>



<p>This revelation highlights the potential for overlooked ecological interactions to play a pivotal role in shaping life's trajectory.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-oxygen-minerals-and-worms">Oxygen, minerals and worms</h2>



<p>The key to this discovery lies in the relationship between sediment mixing, a mineral called pyrite, and oxygen levels. </p>



<p>As worms burrowed, they mixed up sediments, unearthing pyrite. This mineral, in turn, reacted with oxygen in the water, increasing oxygen levels in both the ocean and the atmosphere.</p>



<p>"It’s really incredible to think how such small animals, ones that don’t even exist today, could alter the course of evolutionary history in such a profound way," remarked <a href="https://eps.jhu.edu/directory/maya-gomes/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Maya Gomes</a>, an assistant professor in the Department of <a href="https://eps.jhu.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Earth and Planetary Sciences</a> at Johns Hopkins University.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-goldilocks-zone">Goldilocks zone</h2>



<p>The research team, led by Gomes, measured pyrite levels from nine sites along the Chesapeake Bay, a modern-day proxy for early ocean conditions. </p>



<p>They found that sites with a moderate amount of sediment mixing held the highest levels of pyrite. This finding challenges the long-held belief that sediment mixing would decrease oxygen levels by exposing pyrite to oxygen in the water.</p>



<p>"It’s kind of like Goldilocks. The conditions have to be just right. You have to have a little bit of mixing to bring the oxygen into the sediment, but not so much that the oxygen destroys all the pyrite and there’s no net buildup," explains Kalev Hantsoo, the study's first author.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-worm-driven-oxygen-boost-in-evolution">Worm-driven oxygen boost in evolution</h2>



<p>By incorporating their recent findings into pre-existing models that monitor oxygen levels over geological time,&nbsp;the researchers identified a significant increase in oxygen concentration during the Ordovician period,&nbsp;which coincided with the occurrence of the GOBE.&nbsp;</p>



<p>This observed correlation strongly suggests that the elevated oxygen levels, facilitated by the burrowing activities of <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthpedia-articles/what-the-heck-is-hallucigenia/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">worms and other invertebrates</a>, may have played a crucial role in triggering and sustaining the remarkable surge in biodiversity that characterized this period. </p>



<p>The increased availability of oxygen by worms could have provided the necessary conditions for the evolution and proliferation of diverse life forms,&nbsp;leading to the significant expansion and diversification of species observed during the GOBE.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-rethinking-history">Rethinking history</h2>



<p>This remarkable research sheds new light on the role of oxygen and worms in shaping Earth's evolutionary history. </p>



<p>"There’s always been this question of how oxygen levels relate to the moments in history where evolutionary forces are ramped up and you see a greater diversity of life on the planet," said Gomes.</p>



<p>While oxygen levels likely played a critical role in the GOBE, other factors may have driven earlier evolutionary events like the Cambrian explosion. </p>



<p>"The new models allow us to rule out oxygen and focus on other things that may have driven evolution during that time," says Gomes.</p>



<p>This study not only reveals a fascinating chapter in Earth's history, but it also underscores the importance of understanding the complex interplay of factors that shape our planet's evolution. </p>



<p>The study is published in the esteemed journal <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001670372400187X?via%3Dihub" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta</em></a>.</p>



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Tiny worms sparked explosive evolutionary period of life on Earth

If you were asked to name the heroes of Earth's...

<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXXGGiynIjs
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Greenland is not sinking. In fact, it is the opposite.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-contrasting-climate-response">A contrasting climate response</h2>



<p>Most coastal towns are <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/sinking-land-will-intensify-the-effects-of-rising-sea-levels/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">preparing for higher sea levels</a>, but <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/greenland-no-longer-has-to-worry-about-rising-sea-levels/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Greenland presents</a> a different scenario during climate change. The ground there is rising at a remarkable rate. Over the past decade, some areas have lifted about 20 centimeters, which translates to roughly 2 meters per century. This rate significantly exceeds current projections for sea level rise.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-geological-rebound-process-through-climate-change">Geological rebound process through climate change</h2>



<p>The mechanism behind this phenomenon is straightforward. As the ice sheet melts, the immense weight is removed from the bedrock, causing the land to rebound upward. This process resembles the way compressed material springs back when pressure is released.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-scientific-monitoring-networks">Scientific monitoring networks</h2>



<p>Researchers at the <a href="https://www.dtu.dk/english/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Technical University of Denmark</a> are documenting this uplift using the GNET network, consisting of 61 GPS stations positioned around Greenland's coast. These sensors can detect movement with millimeter precision, providing detailed measurements of the ongoing changes.</p>



<p>The data reveal that current uplift rates exceed the gradual rebound occurring since the last ice age ended approximately 12,000 years ago. This acceleration corresponds directly with increased ice sheet melting rates.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-coastal-transformation">Coastal Transformation</h2>



<p>This uplift is actively reshaping Greenland's coastline. New islands and rocky formations, called "skerries," are emerging as previously submerged land surfaces rise above the water level. This represents a notable contrast to global concerns about rising seas.</p>



<p>The study, published in Geophysical Research Letters, demonstrates the varied regional impacts of climate change. While many locations face rising water levels, Greenland's bedrock is literally rising above the surrounding seas.</p>



<p>The full study was recently published in <em><a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2023GL104851" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Geophysical Research Letters</a></em>.</p>



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Greenland's ground rises while coasts worldwide face higher seas

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXXGGiynIjs Greenland is not sinking. In fact, it is the...

<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSM3EVeGHJU
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Companies like MindStudio help companies train their employees to implement the latest AI Agent building platform.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ai-agent-training-transforms-the-workplace-fear-factor-into-a-competitive-advantage">AI agent training transforms the workplace 'fear factor' into a competitive advantage</h2>



<p>Organizations that offer comprehensive artificial intelligence training to their workers find remarkable value that extends well beyond basic <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/mind-wandering-might-be-more-productive-than-you-think/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">productivity improvements</a>. Emerging research demonstrates that carefully crafted AI training programs <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/ai-does-not-replace-human-creativity-but-enhances-it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">enhance</a> corporate performance, lower operational costs, and dramatically improve employee psychological well-being by turning workplace uncertainty into professional empowerment.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-addressing-the-widespread-ai-anxiety-crisis-among-us">Addressing the widespread 'AI anxiety' crisis among us</h2>



<p>A staggering 53% of employees expressed concern that the use of AI tools to automate work tasks could make them appear disposable to their employers, according to <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Microsoft</a>'s 2024 workplace survey. Such pervasive worry about being substituted by machines has caused what researchers have termed "AI technostress" – a psychological state that can result in occupational burnout and poorer mental well-being.</p>



<p>Data published in <a href="https://www.nature.com/palcomms/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Humanities and Social Sciences Communications</a> showed that belief in AI learning ability was a moderator in the link between technology adoption and work pressure, and higher confidence significantly lowered negative psychological responses. Workers provided ample training to become competent with AI software have significantly lower stress.</p>



<p>Companies like <a href="https://www.mindstudio.ai/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">MindStudio</a> have platforms for building what are known as "AI Agents".  In essence, AI Agents are simply tools that employees can build for themselves or their teams quickly and inexpensively.   MindStudio will even train entire companies, from the CEO on down, at no cost. By letting MindStudio empower employees, companies avoid hiring more IT staff, buying more software, and implementing solutions to problems that do not exist.</p>



<p>MindStudio even has partners locally for companies, like <a href="http://www.dominnus.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Dominnus</a> with offices in the Carolinas, California, and Denver, to help build AI Agents and support employees as they become resident AI experts for their organization.  The training provided by MindStudio is applicable across other AI Agent building platforms as well.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-revolutionary-productivity-through-focused-learning">Revolutionary productivity through focused learning</h2>



<p>Organizations that implement large-scale AI training programs achieve dramatic outcomes. Employees performed tasks significantly better when they utilized AI support compared to when they didn't, according to <a href="https://www.nngroup.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nielsen Norman Group</a> research findings. Their study documented productivity increases of 66% for a variety of professional tasks.</p>



<p>Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis research finds workers record 33% higher productivity in time working with generative AI tools. The benefit is equivalent to 5.4% of work time savings for AI users – around 2.2 hours per week for full-time workers.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-psychological-well-being-benefits-through-ai-competence">Psychological well-being benefits through AI competence</h2>



<p>The emotional transformation when employees are provided with proper technology training is a fundamental transformation from fear to professional confidence. A survey of 600 employees across industries, carried out by ScienceDirect, proved that AI capabilities strengthen work environment commitment and improve job satisfaction.</p>



<p>A <a href="https://www.lut.fi/en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">LUT University</a> study discovered that AI adoption has no direct effect on workers' well-being but does so indirectly through working conditions like task optimization and safety protocols. Strategically deployed AI that involves correct training can actually increase workplace mental well-being.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-from-replacement-anxiety-to-partnership-confidence">From 'replacement anxiety' to 'partnership confidence'</h2>



<p>Although 35% of those interviewed in recent McKinsey studies were concerned about workforce displacement, firms with large-scale training initiatives witness such fears dissipate quickly. The World Economic Forum found that two out of three respondents believe AI competencies will enhance their career prospects and job marketability.</p>



<p>This shift from fear to trust has measurable implications for job satisfaction. Applied Sciences research indicates AI can create tailored wellness programs based on individual employee requirements.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-financial-benefits-of-increased-retention">Financial benefits of increased retention</h2>



<p>The mental health advantages of AI learning have a direct impact on organizational bottom lines in the form of a positive feedback cycle with high retention of employees. Recent ROI research validates that artificial intelligence learning has a beneficial impact on employee turnover and satisfaction levels.</p>



<p>PriceWaterhouseCoopers' research documents 20% to 30% improvements in productivity, market speed, and revenue in organizations that attempt systematic AI adoption through comprehensive training.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-environmental-advantages-of-ai-enabled-teams">Environmental advantages of AI-enabled teams</h2>



<p>AI training has unforeseen environmental benefits as it makes the work environment more efficient. According to a study in Scientific Reports, the carbon footprint in writing and illustrating work is significantly lower when AI performs it compared to humans. AI software produces 130 to 1,500 times less CO2 equivalent per page of text created than human authors.</p>



<p>In addition, AI-driven remote work functionality significantly reduces environmental impact. Research by Cornell University and Microsoft indicates that remote workers reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 54% by not commuting daily to offices. Hybrid workers working remotely two to four days a week can reduce their carbon footprint by 11% to 29%.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cumulative-organizational-advantages">Cumulative organizational advantages</h2>



<p>The compounding gains of better mental well-being, reduced turnover, increased productivity, and environmental benefits flow to enterprises from the pairing. McKinsey analysis estimates the long-term AI potential at $4.4 trillion in incremental productivity growth opportunity from business use cases.</p>



<p>As of now, 75% of knowledge workers globally utilize generative AI, mirroring widespread adoption patterns. Organizations that provide organized training and assistance see the most favorable results in productivity, worker satisfaction, and ecological sustainability.</p>



<p>The research overwhelmingly indicates that companies that invest in proper AI education, like that offered through <a href="https://www.mindstudio.ai" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">MindStudio</a>, establish win-win scenarios where employees are both more empowered and less stressed, and companies enjoy the gains of increased productivity, reduced turnover, and improved mental health outcomes throughout their workforce.</p>



<p>For more on MindStudio's free AI training for companies, visit the website's of MindStudio and Dominnus from the links below.</p>



<p>The research was published across a variety of peer-reviewed journals, including <a href="https://www.nature.com/palcomms/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Humanities and Social Sciences Communications</a>, <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence</a>, and <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci">Applied Sciences</a>.</p>



<p id="block-9bd989d6-2fd3-4580-957f-6cacce134f08">-----</p>



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<p id="block-1f9a227a-ec37-4140-81b8-ffa4a7cc6689">-----</p>



<p>MindStudio.AI: <a href="https://www.mindstudio.ai" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.mindstudio.ai</a></p>



<p>Dominnus: <a href="https://www.dominnus.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.dominnus.com</a></p>

AI agent training boosts mental health and profits

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSM3EVeGHJU Companies like MindStudio help companies train their employees to...

<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HDXqTGEmi4
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Scientists give plants superpowers against bacterial disease</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-natural-solution-to-disease-through-crop-modification">A natural solution to disease through crop modification.</h2>



<p>The agricultural industry stands at a crossroads between productivity and environmental responsibility, and crop modification often carries a negative connotation. While chemical pesticides have long been the go-to solution for crop protection, their harmful effects on ecosystems and human health have prompted scientists to seek alternatives. The recent breakthrough by <a href="https://www.southampton.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Southampton</a> researchers offers a promising path forward through the precise manipulation of plant-associated microbial communities.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-science-behind-microbial-partnerships">The science behind microbial partnerships</h2>



<p>Plants naturally harbor diverse ecosystems of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms that function as biological allies. These microscopic partners contribute to disease resistance, nutrient absorption, and stress tolerance. However, until now, scientists lacked the tools to deliberately reshape these communities to enhance crop protection.</p>



<p>The Southampton team's approach centered on <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/engineered-plant-microbiomes-the-future-of-crop-protection/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">modifying lignin biosynthesis genes in rice plants</a>. This strategic intervention altered the plant's metabolic output, creating conditions that favored beneficial bacterial populations while suppressing harmful ones. The result was a living defense system embedded within the plant itself.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-implications-for-global-food-security">Implications for global food security</h2>



<p>The successful demonstration against Xanthomonas oryzae, the pathogen responsible for bacterial blight in rice, represents more than a laboratory achievement. Rice feeds nearly half the world's population, and bacterial blight causes devastating crop losses annually. Traditional control methods rely heavily on pesticides that contaminate soil and water systems.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-looking-beyond-disease-resistance">Looking Beyond Disease Resistance</h2>



<p>While disease protection represents the immediate application, the research framework opens doors to broader agricultural improvements. Future developments could engineer microbiomes to enhance nutrient uptake, reducing dependence on synthetic fertilizers. This dual benefit addresses both crop productivity and environmental sustainability.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-path-forward">The path forward</h2>



<p>As this technology advances from laboratory to field applications, it promises to reshape sustainable agriculture. The ability to program plants with their own biological defense systems could herald a new era where crops protect themselves naturally, reducing chemical inputs while maintaining yields necessary for global food security.</p>



<p>The study is published in the journal&nbsp;<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44335-3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Nature Communications</em></a>.</p>



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Revolutionizing agriculture through microbiome engineering

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HDXqTGEmi4 Scientists give plants superpowers against bacterial disease A natural...

<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kVywlgRJXsc
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Some children read facial expressions when making food choices.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-other-people-s-reactions-influence-children-s-eating-habits">Other people's reactions influence children's eating habits</h2>



<p>Many children are finicky eaters, but research explains how <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/scientists-have-learned-why-so-many-kids-dislike-vegetables/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">watching others eat and social modeling</a> influence the eating habits of children.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Study Methodology Demonstrates Social Learning Impact</h2>



<p>Researchers at <a href="https://www.aston.ac.uk/hls/school-of-psychology" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Aston University School of Psychology</a> have published findings in Frontiers in Psychology that illuminate the neurobiological foundations of food preference development through observational learning. The investigation employed controlled video stimuli featuring adults consuming raw broccoli while displaying systematically varied facial expressions to measure participant responses.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Asymmetrical Response Patterns Identified</h2>



<p>The research, conducted with 204 female participants, revealed a pronounced asymmetry in social modeling effects. Negative facial expressions during vegetable consumption significantly diminished observer food preference ratings, while positive expressions failed to produce corresponding increases in vegetable appeal. This finding challenges conventional assumptions about the bidirectional nature of social influence in dietary behavior formation.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Evolutionary Psychology Framework Applied</h2>



<p>Dr. Katie Edwards and her research team propose that these results reflect adaptive mechanisms developed through evolutionary processes. The heightened sensitivity to disgust expressions likely functions as a protective system, enabling individuals to identify potentially harmful foods through social cues without direct risk exposure.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Clinical and Educational Implications</h2>



<p>These findings carry substantial implications for pediatric nutrition interventions and family meal dynamics. The research suggests that parental expressions of distaste during vegetable consumption may inadvertently reinforce children's existing food aversions through unconscious social transmission pathways.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Future Research Directions</h2>



<p>The study establishes a foundation for expanded investigation into real-time social modeling effects and cross-demographic applicability. Researchers emphasize the necessity for longitudinal studies examining actual consumption behaviors rather than preference ratings alone, particularly within family contexts where social learning occurs most frequently.</p>



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<p>-----</p>



<p></p>

Social modeling affects our food choices

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kVywlgRJXsc Some children read facial expressions when making food choices....

<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JynHpMaNO8A
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Chaotic cancer protein finally controlled after decades of mystery</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cancer-causing-protein-bound-and-blocked">Cancer-causing protein bound and blocked</h2>



<p>In a discovery that can one day revolutionize cancer treatment, researchers at the <a href="https://www.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of California, Riverside</a> have successfully developed a means of controlling MYC, a notoriously slippery protein that causes approximately <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/chaotic-protein-that-fuels-75-of-cancers-can-be-controlled/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">75% of all cancers in humans</a>.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-makes-myc-different">What makes MYC different</h2>



<p>MYC presents a unique challenge when studying cancer. Normally, this protein plays a vital role in healthy cells. It carefully controls transcription - the process that converts genetic information from DNA and RNA into proteins.</p>



<p>However, cancer changes everything. In cancer cells, MYC becomes a destructive force. It operates in overdrive mode with no regulation whatsoever.</p>



<p>Professor Min Xue, who led the research team, explains it simply: "MYC is less like food for cancer cells and more like a steroid. It drives cancer's aggressive growth." This superactive behavior makes MYC involved in three out of every four cancer cases.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-why-myc-is-hard-to-target">Why MYC is hard to target</h2>



<p>Despite its clear role in cancer, targeting MYC has been one of medicine's biggest challenges. The main problem lies in MYC's unusual structure - or rather, its complete lack of structure.</p>



<p>Professor Xue describes the protein as "basically a glob of randomness." This means conventional drug discovery methods don't work. These traditional approaches rely on sharply defined protein structures. MYC simply doesn't have one.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">A New Approach to Fighting MYC</h2>



<p>The UCR research team developed a clever solution. They designed a special peptide molecule that could selectively bind to MYC. More importantly, this peptide could block MYC's destructive activity.</p>



<p>The key was fine-tuning two specific features: the peptide's stiffness and its shape. Through careful adjustments, researchers achieved something remarkable. They reached "sub-micro-molar affinity" - meaning their peptide binds as strongly as antibodies do.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-breakthrough-results">Breakthrough results</h2>



<p>This accomplishment represents a major leap beyond previous attempts. The researchers enhanced their peptide's binding strength by two orders of magnitude. This dramatic improvement brings the work significantly closer to practical drug development goals.</p>



<p>The research opens new possibilities for treating the vast majority of cancers where MYC plays a destructive role.</p>



<p>The researchers are presently optimizing peptide-delivery systems based on lipid nanoparticles that deliver the peptide effectively into cancer cells. The<a href="https://www.nih.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> National Institutes of Health</a> and the <a href="https://www.defense.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">U.S. Department of Defense</a> funded the study, which appeared in the Journal of the <a href="https://www.acs.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">American Chemical Society</a>.<br>This research offers renewed hope against cancer, and it can potentially open a door to more effective cancer therapies for most cancer patients worldwide.</p>



<p>-----</p>



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<p>-----</p>

The protein that fuels 3 out of 4 cancers has been controlled

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JynHpMaNO8A Chaotic cancer protein finally controlled after decades of mystery...

<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Y4eLFNYrKE
</div></figure>



<p>On the unforgiving landscape of North Greenland, temperatures drop and sunlight barely penetrates through the polar winter. It was here, however, that an international team of scientists found <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/predatory-worms-were-terror-beasts-half-a-billion-years-ago/#google_vignette" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">evidence of sea monsters</a> that would change our understanding of ocean life in the past.</p>



<p>This video captures the discovery of Timorebestia fossils that had been hidden for more than 500 million years in the Sirius Passet formation. The "terror beasts," as they are called, are a hidden chapter in the evolutionary history of <a href="https://www.earth.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Earth</a>, showing that sophisticated predator-prey interactions occurred much earlier than previously envisioned.</p>



<p>Dr. Jakob Vinther and his research team at the <a href="https://www.bristol.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Bristol</a>, in collaboration with researchers at the <a href="https://eng.kopri.re.kr/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Korean Polar Research Institute</a>, braved extreme weather conditions at 82.5 north latitude to locate these giant creatures. Using sophisticated electron microprobe analysis, they revealed the detailed anatomy of the animals, including their muscle and nerve tissues.</p>



<p>The find upsets the traditional timeline of sea predators.  Although we've long appreciated that Cambrian oceans were at one time ruled by <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWI3-UgA3_o&amp;list=PL1QLQMW9MWDwpkFOnvgAmu7wT6rZmYqdJ&amp;index=19" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">arthropods</a>, these discoveries indicate that relatives of arrow worms were first to dominate the seas.  These worms were building sophisticated food webs several million years before other predator groups arose.</p>



<p>Each fossil is a story of ancient hunger, with fossil stomach contents revealing these meter-long beasts dined on heavily armored arthropods regularly, cementing their place as the ocean's first apex predators.</p>



<p>-----</p>



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<p>-----</p>

Worms dominated seas before dinosaurs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Y4eLFNYrKE On the unforgiving landscape of North Greenland, temperatures drop...

<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow3JH03PqEQ
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">New York is the site of the world's oldest forest.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-385-million-year-old-trees-discovered">385-million-year-old trees discovered</h2>



<p>Scientists have uncovered something extraordinary just two hours north of New York City. The <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/worlds-oldest-forest-discovered-close-to-new-york-city/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">world's oldest forest</a>, dating back 385 million years, offers a window into how Earth's first complex forests shaped our planet's atmosphere.</p>



<p>Located near <a href="https://townofcairo.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Cairo, New York</a>, in Greene County, these weren't merely primitive plants struggling to survive. These were sophisticated trees with root systems remarkably similar to modern forests. This ancient woodland predates dinosaurs by 140 million years.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-cairo-forest-discovery">The Cairo forest discovery</h2>



<p>385 million years ago, upstate New York was a tropical paradise near the equator. Thanks to continental drift, this ancient forest has traveled thousands of miles to its current location.</p>



<p>The fossil forest sits in an abandoned quarry, roughly half the size of a football field. This represents just a slice of what was likely a massive forest system stretching from New York into Pennsylvania.</p>



<p>Charles Ver Straeten, curator of sedimentary rocks at the <a href="https://www.nysm.nysed.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">New York State Museum</a>, made the discovery in 2009. While scouting the former highway department property, his trained eye spotted wandering patterns in the stone that looked like marine features.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-revolutionary-age-and-preservation">Revolutionary age and preservation</h2>



<p>The site contains 385-million-year-old rocks with fossilized woody roots forming horizontal patterns up to 18 feet (5.5 meters) wide. As Christopher Berry, a paleobotanist at Cardiff University, explains: "You are walking through the roots of ancient trees."</p>



<p>This discovery pushes back advanced tree evolution by millions of years. The research, published in <em><a href="https://www.cell.com/current-biology/home" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Current Biology</a></em> in December 2019, fundamentally changes our understanding of when complex forests first emerged.</p>



<p>Researchers believe a massive flood buried the forest floor, creating perfect fossilization conditions. Over millions of years, sediment hardened into rock, preserving these root patterns like nature's time capsule.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-meet-archaeopteris-the-first-modern-tree">Meet <em>Archaeopteris</em>: the first modern tree</h2>



<p>The star of this ancient forest is <em>Archaeopteris</em> – not to be confused with the feathered dinosaur <em>Archaeopteryx</em>. This tree was far older and more revolutionary.</p>



<p>William Stein from <a href="https://www.binghamton.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Binghamton University</a> describes the roots as "strikingly modern, essentially what you'd see outside in my yard right now." These weren't simple root systems you'd expect from ancient plants.</p>



<p>Some fossilized roots are six inches (15 centimeters) in diameter, forming 36-foot-wide (11-meter) patterns. These giants grew up to 65 feet (20 meters) tall with five-foot-diameter (1.5-meter) trunks.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-climate-changing-impact">Climate-changing impact</h2>



<p>These trees fundamentally changed Earth's environment. Kevin Boyce, a Stanford University geoscientist, explains how their deep roots triggered "weathering," chemical reactions that pulled carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.</p>



<p>This process dropped atmospheric CO2 levels from 10-15 times higher than today to roughly modern concentrations. These ancient trees helped create atmospheric conditions that made complex life possible.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ancient-forest-ecosystem">Ancient forest ecosystem</h2>



<p>The forest was remarkably diverse. Scientists identified <em>Eospermatopteris</em>, palm tree-like plants with short roots that reached 30 feet (9 meters) tall but lacked woody structure. The forest also housed cladoxylopsids and a mysterious third species still being studied.</p>



<p>All reproduced through spores rather than seeds – millions of years before seeds evolved. This tropical environment had no grass, flowers, or flying insects, just towering trees creating Earth's first complex forest canopy.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-scientific-significance">Scientific significance</h2>



<p>Before this finding, the Gilboa forest, located 25 miles (40 kilometers) away, held the "oldest forest" title. Cairo's trees are 2-3 million years older, showing that complex forest ecosystems developed much faster than scientists believed possible.</p>



<p>Patricia Gensel, a <a href="https://www.unc.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of North Carolina</a> paleobotanist, notes: "The size of those root systems is really changing the picture. Even 20 years ago, researchers assumed trees with such complex root systems didn't evolve so early."</p>



<p>The Cairo site presents three unique root systems, suggesting Devonian period forests were diverse ecosystems with different trees occupying different environmental niches, much like today's forests.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-modern-preservation-efforts">Modern preservation efforts</h2>



<p>In 2022, New York State Senator Michelle Hinchey secured a $170,000 grant for the town of Cairo to construct specialized fencing around the fossil forest site. The town plans to conduct a feasibility study exploring the possibility of creating an educational center and working lab on-site.</p>



<p>Joe Hasenkopf, chair of the Cairo Planning Board, hopes to partner with educational institutions to create a research facility serving scientists, students, and the public.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-lessons-for-today-s-climate">Lessons for today's climate</h2>



<p>Why does a 385-million-year-old forest matter today? It shows how dramatically forests can change Earth's climate. These ancient woodlands created the atmospheric conditions supporting complex life.</p>



<p>Understanding how prehistoric forests transformed the planet helps us appreciate modern forests' critical role in addressing climate change. Forests remain Earth's most effective carbon capture systems.</p>



<p>These prehistoric trees changed Earth's atmosphere by pulling massive amounts of carbon dioxide from the air. As we face modern climate challenges, this ancient forest reminds us of trees' incredible power to transform our planet's environment.</p>



<p>The next time you walk through a forest, remember you're experiencing an ecosystem whose blueprint was established 385 million years ago in upstate New York. These ancient pioneers didn't just survive – they thrived and changed the world forever.</p>



<p>The full study was published in the journal <em>Current Biology</em>.</p>



<p>-----</p>



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<p>-----</p>

Earth's oldest forest found in the United States

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow3JH03PqEQ New York is the site of the world's oldest...

<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Veg4HmmRVZY
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Our bodies hits two 'aging cliffs' at these ages.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-scientists-map-exact-ages-when-your-body-rapidly-ages">Scientists Map Exact Ages When Your Body Rapidly Ages</h2>



<p>Scientists have <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/human-bodies-begin-breaking-down-two-very-precise-ages/#google_vignette">discovered that aging</a> isn't the gradual, steady process many assume it to be. Instead, researchers from Stanford Medicine have found that our bodies undergo dramatic molecular changes at two specific ages: 44 and 60. This research, published in Nature Aging, reveals that aging happens in sudden bursts rather than smooth transitions.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-two-waves-of-rapid-aging">Two waves of rapid aging</h2>



<p>The Stanford study tracked over 135,000 different molecules and microbes in 108 participants aged 25 to 75 over several years. Results showed that 81% of all molecules studied exhibited non-linear changes, meaning they shifted dramatically at certain ages rather than changing gradually over time.</p>



<p>Michael Snyder, chair of genetics at Stanford School of Medicine and the study's senior author, noted significant findings. "We're not just changing gradually over time; there are some really dramatic changes. It turns out the mid-40s is a time of dramatic change, as is the early 60s. And that's true no matter what class of molecules you look at."</p>



<p>The first wave of changes occurs around age 44, affecting molecules related to alcohol metabolism, caffeine processing, lipid <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/age-related-changes-in-metabolism-dont-match-our-expectations/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">metabolism</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/heart-disease-remains-the-leading-cause-of-death-worldwide/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cardiovascular disease</a>, and skin and muscle function. The second wave hits around age 60, involving changes in carbohydrate metabolism, immune regulation, kidney function, and again cardiovascular and muscle health.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-happens-during-these-aging-bursts">What happens during these aging bursts</h2>



<p>During the mid-40s transformation, researchers observed significant changes in how the body processes alcohol and fats. This period often coincides with increased stress levels in many people's lives, potentially contributing to lifestyle factors that accelerate these molecular shifts.</p>



<p>"It's possible some of these changes could be tied to lifestyle or behavioral factors that cluster at these age groups, rather than being driven by biological factors," Snyder explained. For instance, alcohol metabolism dysfunction might result from increased consumption during the typically stressful mid-40s period.</p>



<p>The changes at age 60 are perhaps less surprising, as this is when many age-related diseases begin to manifest more prominently. The molecular shifts affect immune function and kidney health, both critical for maintaining overall wellness as we enter our senior years.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-latest-research-confirms-aging-patterns">Latest research confirms aging patterns</h2>



<p>Recent 2025 studies have validated these findings. Research examining tissue samples from 76 people found similar aging patterns, noting an "inflection point" between ages 45 and 55.</p>



<p>Scientists discovered that blood vessels, particularly the aorta, age fastest among all body tissues. This vascular aging may drive aging in other body parts, highlighting cardiovascular health's central role in the aging process.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cellular-changes-and-microbiome-shifts">Cellular changes and microbiome shifts</h2>



<p>The Stanford research revealed that these aging bursts affect our microbiome – the trillions of bacteria, viruses, and fungi living in and on our bodies. These microbial communities undergo substantial shifts during both aging periods, potentially affecting everything from digestion to immune function.</p>



<p>Additionally, researchers found that protein production and gene expression begin to fall out of sync as we age. This breakdown in cellular communication becomes especially pronounced during the two aging waves, contributing to the accumulation of damaged proteins associated with diseases such as <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/alzheimers-may-not-be-brain-disorder-important-data-was-fabricated/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Alzheimer's</a>.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-health-implications-and-longevity-considerations">Health implications and longevity considerations</h2>



<p>Understanding these aging patterns has important implications for healthcare strategies. Research suggests that people should pay particular attention to their health during their 40s and 60s, when these dramatic molecular changes occur.</p>



<p>Snyder emphasized the importance of proactive health measures. "I'm a big believer that we should try to adjust our lifestyles while we're still healthy," he noted. This might include increasing exercise to protect heart health and maintain muscle mass, or reducing alcohol consumption in the 40s as the body's ability to metabolize it declines.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-new-approaches-to-anti-aging-treatment">New approaches to anti-aging treatment</h2>



<p>Aging research has seen notable advances in 2025. Harvard Medical School scientists developed chemical cocktails that reverse cellular aging without genetic modification. These six combinations restored aged cells to youthfulness in under a week, offering safer alternatives to gene therapy.</p>



<p>Researchers identified new biomarkers like "InflammAge," a saliva-based test measuring chronic inflammation associated with aging. This non-invasive approach could change how we monitor aging and intervention.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-future-directions-in-aging-research">Future directions in aging research</h2>



<p>Emerging technologies including artificial intelligence, cellular reprogramming, and senolytic therapies, are opening new possibilities for extending healthspan. Companies develop treatments targeting aging's fundamental mechanisms rather than just managing age-related diseases.</p>



<p>The Stanford findings provide a roadmap for implementing preventive measures. Rather than waiting for symptoms, people can prepare for and potentially mitigate these predictable aging waves.</p>



<p>As aging understanding evolves, one thing becomes clear: aging isn't inevitable decline, but specific biological events we may learn to prevent or reverse. The key is recognizing when these transitions occur and taking proactive health steps during vulnerable periods.</p>



<p>The study was published in the journal <em><a href="https://www.nature.com/nataging" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nature Aging</a></em>.</p>



<p>-----</p>



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<p>-----</p>

Scientists discover we age in bursts

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Veg4HmmRVZY Our bodies hits two 'aging cliffs' at these ages....

<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PqlF0XKzHY4
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The hidden science behind tickling.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-scientists-discover-the-brain-s-tickling-command-center">Scientists discover the brain's 'tickling command center'</h2>



<p>Researchers have finally solved one of humanity's most enduring mysteries: why we can't <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/after-centuries-of-debate-we-still-dont-know-how-tickling-works/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">tickle</a> ourselves and what makes some people incredibly ticklish while others barely react? Recent scientific discoveries are revolutionizing our understanding of this peculiar human behavior.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-breakthrough-discovery-in-the-brain">Breakthrough discovery in the brain</h2>



<p>In 2023, Dr. Michael Brecht's team at <a href="https://www.hu-berlin.de/en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Humboldt University</a>-<a href="https://www.hu-berlin.de/en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Berlin</a> made a major discovery published in the <a href="https://www.cell.com/iscience/fulltext/S2589-0042(22)01991-5" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">journal <em>Neuron</em></a>. They identified the brain's actual "tickling command center" – specific neurons in a region called the periaqueductal gray that control both tickling responses and play behavior.</p>



<p>When researchers used cutting-edge optogenetic technology to shut down these neurons in laboratory rats, something remarkable happened. The animals completely lost their ability to be tickled or engage in playful behavior.</p>



<p>"We found that global blockade of the rat periaqueductal gray with either muscimol or lidocaine interfered with ticklishness and play," the research team reported in their study.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-two-types-of-tickling-revealed">Two types of tickling revealed</h2>



<p>What we call "tickling" is two completely different phenomena, according to the latest research. Light tickling – that feathery sensation that makes you want to scratch – is essentially your body's sophisticated bug detection system. This alerts you to potential insects or parasites on your skin.</p>



<p>Deep tickling – the kind that makes you laugh uncontrollably – involves complex brain circuits and is fundamentally social. You literally cannot tickle yourself with this type of stimulation.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-why-self-tickling-is-impossible">Why self-tickling is impossible</h2>



<p>Your cerebellum acts like a prediction machine, recent findings show. When you move your own hand to touch yourself, your brain generates precise predictions about what you will feel and then cancels out the tickling sensation through neural inhibition.</p>



<p>When someone else tickles you, your brain can't predict their movements, so the full tickling response activates. It's like your brain's way of distinguishing between self and others.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-individual-differences-explained">Individual differences explained</h2>



<p>Individual differences in ticklishness depend on genetics, psychology, and even trust. Dr. Xinzhong Dong at <a href="https://www.jhu.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Johns Hopkins University</a> notes that people with denser nerve endings tend to be more sensitive.</p>



<p>Psychological factors matter just as much. You respond more strongly when tickled by people you trust, and anxiety completely shuts down tickling responses. This explains why the same physical stimulus can produce completely different reactions depending on who's doing the tickling.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-controlling-your-ticklishness">Controlling your ticklishness</h2>



<p>Science offers answers for controlling your ticklishness. You can reduce tickling sensitivity through systematic desensitization – gradual exposure in controlled settings.</p>



<p>Dr. Konstantina Kilteni's 2025 research, published in <em><a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adt0350" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Science Advances</a></em>, reveals another technique: place your hand on the tickler's hand. This allows your brain to partially predict the sensations, reducing the tickling response by up to 90 percent.</p>



<p>"Your brain is essentially learning to override its own reflexes," Kilteni explained in her review of tickling research.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-evolutionary-purpose-discovered">Evolutionary purpose discovered</h2>



<p>From an evolutionary perspective, tickling serves vital functions according to <a href="https://www.umd.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Maryland</a> researcher Dr. Robert Provine's extensive studies. It trains our defense reflexes for vulnerable body areas and facilitates social bonding between family members.</p>



<p>Tickling-induced laughter is actually one of the first forms of communication between infants and caregivers. "Tickle involves a neurological self/nonself discrimination, providing the most primitive social scenario," Provine noted in his research.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-clinical-applications-emerge">Clinical applications emerge</h2>



<p>Research shows people with autism spectrum disorder perceive touches as more ticklish than people without the condition. Investigating this difference could provide insight into brain differences and help advance autism research.</p>



<p>People with schizophrenia tend to experience self-touches similarly to external tickles, allowing them to essentially tickle themselves. This suggests altered sensory prediction mechanisms in the condition.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-animal-research-reveals-universal-nature">Animal research reveals universal nature</h2>



<p>Scientists have discovered that many species beyond humans are ticklish. Rats emit ultrasonic "laughs" when tickled, while chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans all respond to tickling stimulation.</p>



<p>This widespread occurrence across species suggests that tickling serves fundamental biological and social functions that evolved long before humans developed complex language and culture.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-future-research-directions">Future research directions</h2>



<p>Dr. Kilteni argues that tickling research deserves more scientific attention. "It is a complex interplay of motor, social, neurological, developmental, and evolutionary aspects," she stated in her recent review.</p>



<p>New haptic technologies and advanced research methodologies now permit scientists to investigate tickle sensation with unprecedented precision. Standardized experimental methods using mechanical tickling devices ensure consistent results across studies.</p>



<p>Recent findings published in <em>Science Advances</em> show that tickling research is opening new doors in neuroscience, potentially leading to a better understanding of social behavior, sensory processing, and neurological conditions.</p>



<p>-----</p>



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<p>-----</p>

Scientists solve the mystery of tickling

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PqlF0XKzHY4 The hidden science behind tickling. Scientists discover the brain's...

<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=elr4948_uOU
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Dr. Ronald Mallett from the University of Connecticut reveals secret mission to create working time travel device.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-could-an-equation-truly-bend-time-a-physicist-s-decades-long-quest-to-rewrite-reality">Could an equation truly bend time? A physicist's decades-long quest to rewrite reality</h2>



<p>Imagine the impossible: stepping back through time in a time machine, not in fantasy, but through a scientific endeavor driven by profound personal loss. For <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/astrophysicist-says-hes-cracked-the-equation-for-time-travel/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Dr. Ronald Mallett</a>, a distinguished astrophysicist and professor emeritus at the <a href="https://uconn.edu/">University of Connecticut</a>, this deeply human longing has fueled a lifelong mission. He claims to have discovered the equation that could unlock temporal displacement, pushing boundaries once deemed purely science fiction.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-profound-grief-that-forged-a-vision">A profound grief that forged a vision</h2>



<p>Mallett's extraordinary pursuit began with devastating tragedy in 1955. At merely 10 years old, he endured his father Boyd's sudden death—a television repairman whose passion for science had ignited a similar spark in his young son. Boyd Mallett, only 33, succumbed to a heart attack, leaving behind a grief-stricken child searching for solace.</p>



<p>That solace came through H.G. Wells' <em>The Time Machine</em>. Within its pages, Mallett found a captivating concept: "Time is only a kind of Space." These words transformed from a literary phrase into a guiding principle, becoming the driving force behind his unwavering commitment to unraveling time's fundamental mysteries.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-from-humble-beginnings-to-academic-heights">From humble beginnings to academic heights</h2>



<p>Mallett's journey was far from straightforward. After serving in the Air Force during the Vietnam War era, he utilized the GI Bill for higher education, earning his Ph.D. in physics from Pennsylvania State University in 1973 at the age of 28.</p>



<p>In 1975, he made history as the first African American professor in the University of Connecticut's physics department, achieving full professorship in 1987 before retiring in 2024 as professor emeritus.</p>



<p>Throughout these successful academic years, Mallett harbored his radical ambition as a closely guarded secret. "I kept my time travel goal a secret," he confessed. "I worried people would think I was nuts." His public research centered on black holes, serving as a "cover story" while he quietly developed his revolutionary time travel theory.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-breakthrough-moment">The breakthrough moment</h2>



<p>His pivotal insight arrived while hospitalized for a heart condition—a profound irony given his father's heart attack started this journey. The breakthrough was elegantly simple yet revolutionary: "If gravity can bend time, and light can create gravity, then light can bend time."</p>



<p>"It turns out that black holes can create a gravitational field that could lead to the creation of time loops that could allow us to go back in time," he explained.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-blueprint-for-a-temporal-vortex">The blueprint for a temporal vortex</h2>



<p>Mallett's vision for a functioning time machine replicates spacetime-warping phenomena around black holes. He offers a compelling analogy: "Picture a cup of coffee. Stir it with a spoon, and the coffee swirls. A spinning black hole does the same to spacetime."</p>



<p>In Einstein's general relativity, the universe is a dynamic fabric woven from space and time. Massive objects like black holes warp this fabric—an effect we perceive as gravity. Mallett theorizes that an intense, continuous, circulating beam of light from a ring of powerful lasers could replicate this gravitational torsion, effectively twisting time into a loop.</p>



<p>This "time loop" would theoretically allow information—or perhaps matter—to travel backward in time. He detailed this mathematical concept in his 2006 autobiography, <em>Time Traveler: A Scientist's Personal Mission to Make Time Travel a Reality</em>.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-published-research-and-recognition">Published research and recognition</h2>



<p>His work, published in respected journals including <em><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/physics-letters-a" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Physics Letters A</a></em> and <em><a href="https://link.springer.com/journal/10701" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundations of Physics</a></em>, suggests circulating laser light could generate gravitational fields potent enough to create closed timelike curves, enabling time travel for data.</p>



<p>Mallett's research has gained worldwide media attention, featured on <a href="https://www.thisamericanlife.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National Public Radio's <em>This American Life</em></a>, the <a href="https://www.history.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">History Channel</a>, and <a href="https://www.today.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NBC's <em>Today Show</em></a>. The widespread interest reflects both his compelling personal story and rigorous scientific approach.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-galactic-hurdles-and-persistent-skepticism">The galactic hurdles and persistent skepticism</h2>



<p>While Mallett's equations captivate imagination, the path to reality faces immense obstacles. The energy requirement is staggering—Mallett acknowledges needing "galactic amounts of energy," far beyond current technological capabilities.</p>



<p>There's also a poignant limitation: even if realized, his machine could only send information back to when it was first activated, meaning it couldn't transport him to 1955 to prevent his father's death.</p>



<p>The scientific community remains skeptical. Physicists Ken Olum and Allen Everett argue that Mallett's proposed laser ring would need to be larger than the observable universe to achieve the necessary spacetime distortion. They invoke Stephen Hawking's chronology protection conjecture, suggesting physics may prevent macroscopic time travel.</p>



<p>Astrophysicist Paul Sutter has voiced doubts about Mallett's underlying mathematics, while science writer Brian Clegg finds the concept intriguing enough to warrant experimental investigation.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-legacy-that-transcends-time">A legacy that transcends time</h2>



<p>Now approaching 80, Dr. Mallett remains steadfast. "I believe my work will show time travel is possible," he asserts. "Future generations will build on it in ways we can't yet imagine."</p>



<p>His equations, though yet to physically bend time, have bent our collective imagination. Ongoing public interest, evidenced by his continued media appearances and Spike Lee's film adaptation of his memoir, underscores his ideas' profound impact.</p>



<p>More than a scientific pursuit, Mallett's story testifies to human resilience, intellectual courage, and hope's enduring power. Whether his theoretical time machine ever materializes, his legacy is immeasurable—inspiring countless individuals to challenge conventional limits and perceive time not as an unyielding barrier, but as a boundless frontier awaiting exploration.</p>



<p></p>



<p>-----</p>



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<p>-----</p>

Retired professor claims he solved time travel

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=elr4948_uOU Dr. Ronald Mallett from the University of Connecticut reveals...

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prrq8Ql81zk
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Acid rain and a crisis solved.</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-why-don-t-we-ever-hear-about-acid-rain-anymore-the-environmental-crisis-that-was-solved">Why don't we ever hear about "acid rain" anymore? The environmental crisis that was solved</h2>



<p>Remember the 1980s when acid rain dominated headlines? Dire warnings about rain eating buildings, killing fish, and destroying forests filled every news cycle. Then, almost like magic, acid rain vanished from public discourse. What happened? Did we actually solve one of the late 20th century's most pressing environmental challenges?</p>



<p>The answer might surprise you. Unlike many environmental issues that drag on indefinitely, acid rain represents one of modern history's most successful ecological recovery stories. It's a tale of science, politics, and technology working together to tackle what seemed impossible.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>What was acid rain?</strong></h2>



<p>Acid rain isn't regular rain having a bad day – it's precipitation that became significantly more acidic due to air pollution. When power plants, factories, and vehicles burn fossil fuels, they release sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) into the atmosphere.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>The science behind it</strong></h2>



<p>Think of acid rain as nature's chemistry experiment gone wrong. These compounds react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form sulfuric and nitric acids. When mixed with water vapor in clouds, they create precipitation with dangerously low pH levels.</p>



<p>While clean rain has a pH of about 5.6, acid rain could drop as low as 4.2 to 4.4 – roughly as acidic as tomato juice or coffee. According to US Geological Survey documentation, Scottish chemist Angus Smith first coined "acid rain" in 1872, but it didn't become a household phrase until the 1960s and 1970s when Swedish scientist Svante Odén documented its devastating effects on Scandinavian lakes and European forests.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>The crisis at its peak</strong></h2>



<p>During the height of public concern, environmental damage was both widespread and visible. This wasn't some abstract future threat – people could see destruction happening in real-time.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Environmental devastation</strong></h2>



<p>The most dramatic impacts were impossible to ignore. Research documented by the Adirondack Lakes Survey Corporation and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation shows that in the Adirondack Mountains, more than 200 lakes became so acidic they couldn't support fish life. The Adirondack Council reports that 409 lakes once supported brook trout, but many lost their fish populations due to acid rain.</p>



<p>By 1976, when scientists cataloged all acidified lakes in the Adirondack Park, researchers found that half of the lakes over 2,000 feet above sea level had no fish, according to studies published in environmental journals. The acidification process worked like a slow-motion disaster. As acid rain fell into watersheds, it gradually lowered pH levels. Fish couldn't survive in acidic water, and their food sources died off too.</p>



<p>Trees at high elevations showed stress directly linked to acid rain. It weakened them by leaching nutrients and making them susceptible to disease. Historical records show Germany's Black Forest saw nearly half its trees damaged by the mid-1980s.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Economic impact</strong></h2>



<p>Acid rain wasn't just environmental – it was expensive. Acidic precipitation corroded infrastructure, buildings, and monuments. Historic stone structures deteriorated at accelerated rates. Tourism suffered as lakes became fishless and forests declined. EPA economic analyses from the period documented repair costs mounting into billions annually.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>The solution: government action and technology</strong></h2>



<p>Transformation from crisis to success required unprecedented cooperation between governments, industries, and environmental groups.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>The Clean Air Act of 1990</strong></h2>



<p>The turning point came with the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, signed by President George H.W. Bush. This represented a fundamentally new approach to environmental regulation, as documented in EPA historical records.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Cap-and-trade success</strong></h2>



<p>Instead of mandating specific technologies, the 1990 amendments introduced something revolutionary: a cap-and-trade system for sulfur dioxide emissions. EPA program documentation shows this market-based approach set overall limits but allowed companies to trade emission allowances.</p>



<p>The genius was harnessing market forces to find cost-effective pollution reduction. Companies reducing emissions cheaply could sell excess allowances to those facing higher costs. Research published in environmental economics journals and EPA progress reports shows this resulted in dramatic SO2 reduction at a fraction of projected costs.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Technology advances</strong></h2>



<p>Policy provided the framework, but technology made reductions possible. Studies in atmospheric science journals document the widespread adoption of flue gas desulfurization systems ("scrubbers") that removed sulfur dioxide before it reached the atmosphere. By the 2000s, new installations could remove over 95% of SO2 emissions, according to EPA technical reports.</p>



<p>The push coincided with cleaner energy development. Natural gas produces fewer sulfur compounds than coal. Wind and solar, emerging in the 1990s, captured growing market share, reducing reliance on high-sulfur coal.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-why-we-don-t-hear-about-it-today"><strong>Why we don't hear about it today</strong></h2>



<p>Why did acid rain disappear from headlines? Simple: the problem was largely solved.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Success doesn't make news</strong></h2>



<p>There's an old journalism saying: "If it bleeds, it leads." Environmental success stories don't generate urgency like crisis reporting. Media attention shifted to other challenges: climate change, plastic pollution, and biodiversity loss. There's only so much environmental anxiety the public can absorb, and newer concerns replaced acid rain.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Mission accomplished</strong></h2>



<p>The primary reason is beautifully simple: interventions worked. EPA monitoring data shows sulfur dioxide emissions dropped over 90% since 1990. Academic research published in environmental science journals confirms pH levels in formerly affected areas returned closer to normal. This represents one of history's most dramatic environmental recoveries. Studies by the Adirondack Lakes Survey Corporation show fishless lakes now support healthy populations. Forests recovered, and building damage slowed dramatically.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-is-it-really-gone"><strong>Is it really gone?</strong></h2>



<p>The crisis is largely resolved, but monitoring data shows the problem isn't completely eliminated – it's managed to acceptable levels. Some areas still experience occasional events during high pollution periods. International environmental research indicates that rapidly industrializing Asian countries face similar problems to what we experienced decades ago, though they're implementing successful strategies.</p>



<p>EPA research shows nitrogen oxide emissions proved more challenging than sulfur dioxide, coming from vehicles and mobile sources. Climate science studies suggest changing weather patterns add complexity to how acid rain forms and falls.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>What this teaches us</strong></h2>



<p>The acid rain experience proves that seemingly intractable environmental problems can be solved with scientific understanding, political will, and technological innovation. Environmental monitoring data shows recovery speed was remarkable – within a decade, measurable improvements appeared in air quality and ecosystem health.</p>



<p>Success came from bipartisan support across party lines. Policy analysis studies show the market-based approach appealed to those preferring economic incentives while achieving environmental goals. This support created lasting policy surviving political changes.</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Conclusion</strong></h2>



<p>Acid rain's disappearance from public consciousness represents environmental science's greatest success stories. Through effective regulation, technological innovation, and international cooperation, we transformed an overwhelming crisis into a manageable challenge.</p>



<p>Today's silence isn't because we forgot – it's because we solved it. The 1990 Clean Air Act, combined with technology and energy market changes, reduced acid rain emissions over 90%, according to comprehensive EPA data analysis.</p>



<p>This success offers hope for current challenges. It proves complex problems can be solved when science, policy, and technology work together. As we face climate change and plastic pollution, acid rain reminds us that dramatic positive change is possible.</p>



<p>Next time someone asks whether environmental regulations work, remember acid rain. It's proof that sometimes, we get it right.</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p><strong>Sources:</strong> <em>This article draws from EPA official documentation and progress reports, peer-reviewed research published in environmental and atmospheric science journals, historical data from the Adirondack Lakes Survey Corporation, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation records, US Geological Survey publications, policy analysis studies, and environmental monitoring data collected over three decades.</em></p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions</strong></h2>



<p><strong>1. Is acid rain completely gone?</strong> No, but EPA monitoring shows it's reduced to manageable levels. US sulfur dioxide emissions dropped over 90% since 1990, making acid rain much less severe than the 1980s crisis.</p>



<p><strong>2. How long did solving take?</strong> Environmental monitoring data shows significant improvements began within 5-10 years of 1990s emission controls. Full ecosystem recovery took longer – some areas need 20-30 years for complete recovery.</p>



<p><strong>3. What made the solution successful?</strong> Clear scientific understanding, visible damage motivating action, bipartisan support, available technology, and innovative market-based policies like cap-and-trade.</p>



<p><strong>4. Do other countries have acid rain problems?</strong> Yes, particularly rapidly industrializing Asian countries. However, international environmental research shows many implement similar successful control strategies.</p>



<p><strong>5. Could acid rain return?</strong> Potentially, if regulations weaken or we return to high-sulfur coal without controls, though effects would take years to become severe according to environmental projections.</p>



<p><strong>6. Can you recommend any teaching tools on the subject of "acid rain"?</strong> The United States Environmental Protection Agency produced a wonderful teacher's guide for ages 14 and under that you can find on the EPA website here: <a href="https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2017-03/documents/teachersguide.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2017-03/documents/teachersguide.pdf</a></p>



<p>-----</p>



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<p>-----</p>

The environmental problem we actually solved

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prrq8Ql81zk Acid rain and a crisis solved. Why don't we...

<p>Scientists are transforming chocolate into a functional food by infusing it with probiotics and prebiotics, aiming to create a treat that satisfies cravings while supporting gut health. </p>



<p>The challenge lies in maintaining chocolate's beloved texture and flavor while adding health benefits.</p>



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https://youtu.be/Ug657J67iEo?si=w96YjGMsg939LD_3
</div></figure>



<p>Probiotics - beneficial microbes that balance gut bacteria and aid digestion - are typically fragile and can be destroyed by stomach acid or processing. </p>



<p>Prebiotics act as food for these microbes, helping them thrive. Together, they form "synbiotics," a powerful health combination.</p>



<p>Researchers Smriti Gaur and Shubhi Singh from India's Jaypee Institute of Information Technology took an innovative approach, using natural prebiotics like corn and honey instead of complex processing methods. </p>



<p>They created five chocolate varieties: a control and four synbiotic versions containing different combinations of prebiotics, probiotics (Lactobacillus strains), and flavor enhancers (cinnamon or orange).</p>



<p>Laboratory simulations of human digestion showed the probiotics remained viable for over five hours, suggesting they could survive long enough to benefit gut health.</p>



<p>Taste tests were positive, with researchers particularly enjoying the orange-flavored variety, describing it as having "vibrant citrus notes" complementing the "rich cocoa" with a "luxurious" texture.</p>



<p>This research represents just the beginning. With further refinement of strains, textures, and flavors, chocolate could evolve beyond mere indulgence to become a functional food that nourishes while it delights.</p>



<p>The study is published in the journal <a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsfoodscitech.4c00741" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ACS Food Science &amp; Technology</a>.</p>

Is chocolate the next nutritional powerhouse?

Scientists are transforming chocolate into a functional food by infusing...

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<p>Today’s <strong>Video of the Day</strong> from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Nushagak Bay, a large estuary in southwest Alaska. Nushagak runs mainly north to south and exits in Bristol Bay, a large body of water in the Bering Sea.</p>



<p>"The bay is primarily fed by the Nushagak River, which begins in the Alaska Range and flows southwest approximately 450 km. The bay is also fed by several additional rivers including the Wood, Igushik, Snake and Weary rivers," says ESA.</p>



<p>"The dark colors of the Nushagak River are most likely due to tannins or lignins (chemical substances found in plants). Tannins and lignins from roots, leaves, seeds, bark and soil can leach into the water and give it a brown or even black colour. The sediments then flow southwards where it is mixed with the bluer waters of the bay."</p>



<p><em>Video/ Image Credit: ESA</em></p>



<p><em>-</em><em>--</em></p>



<p><em>By </em><a href="http://csexton@earth.com"><em>Chrissy Sexton</em></a><em>, </em><a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"><em>Earth.com</em></a><em> Staff Writer</em></p>

Nushagak Bay in southwest Alaska

[sendtonews key="0ynNMYkMKa-2340414-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

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<p>Today's <strong>Video of the Day</strong> from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> (ACS) reveals that proteins on flu viruses are actually flexible, tilting and waving in a “breath-like” motion. According to the experts, these proteins could be used to better defend against the flu.</p>



<p>"The main antigenic targets of influenza virus are two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Whereas the structural and dynamical properties of both glycoproteins have been studied previously, the understanding of their plasticity in the whole-virion context is fragmented," wrote the researchers.</p>



<p>To investigate, the team conducted detailed simulations of the influenza A H1N1 virion, or the swine flu. The experts concluded that the visualizations show many new vulnerable states of flu viruses, which could improve future vaccines and antiviral drugs.</p>



<p><em>Video/ Image Credit: American Chemical Society&nbsp;</em></p>



<p><em>-</em><em>--</em></p>



<p><em>By </em><a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com"><em>Chrissy Sexton</em></a><em>, </em><a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"><em>Earth.com</em></a><em> Editor</em></p>



<p>Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.</p>

Flu viruses are more flexible than expected

[sendtonews key="G9bUoxcjr4-2511624-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from the...

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<p>Today’s <strong>Video of the Day</strong> from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Lake Trasimeno, which is located west of Perugia in central Italy. It is the fourth largest lake in the country. While Trasimeno’s water level varies, it has a maximum depth of approximately six meters.&nbsp;</p>



<p>"In this Copernicus Sentinel-2 image, captured on 6 August 2022, the lake’s emerald green colour is likely due to the presence of phytoplankton. Streaks in the water, particularly visible in the west, indicate the presence of soil and sediments which have been stirred up by winds. Dark colored waters in the southern part of the lake indicate a presence of submerged and floating macrophytes (aquatic plants) as well as algae," says ESA.</p>



<p>"Surrounded by hills on three sides, Trasimeno is subject to heavy storms created by winds, especially from the north and west. There are three islets in the lake: Maggiore, Minore and Polvese (the largest). The lake’s shores are sparsely inhabited with only two popular villages: Castiglione del Lago and Passignano sul Trasimeno."</p>



<p>"Italy is experiencing its worst drought in 70 years which has affected drinking water supplies, hydroelectric power and agricultural production. High temperatures, hot winds and lack of rainfall are the main causes of drought in the Umbrian region which saw Lake Trasimeno’s drop 1.3 m, reaching the limit of the hydrometric zero in July 2022."</p>



<p><em>Video/Image Credit: ESA&nbsp;</em></p>



<p><em>-</em><em>--</em></p>



<p><em>By </em><a href="http://csexton@earth.com"><em>Chrissy Sexton</em></a><em>, </em><a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"><em>Earth.com</em></a><em> Staff Writer</em></p>

Lake Trasimeno in Central Italy

[sendtonews key="3upvlAaHgO-2256633-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

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<p>Today's <strong>Video of the Day</strong> from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> describes a new self-powered nanosensor that can instantly detect mercury contamination with the tap of a finger.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The oxidized form of mercury can be harmful when it is ingested through contaminated water or food. This makes it necessary for experts to develop sensors that can quickly and accurately detect the presence of mercury.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Zong-Hong Lin and colleagues have now created a triboelectric nanosensor (TENS) that can detect mercury by simply by touching a sample. According to the researchers, their TENS could serve as the basis for similar devices to safely and remotely monitor other pollutants.</p>



<p><em>Video Credit: American Chemical Society&nbsp;</em></p>



<p><em>-</em><em>--</em></p>



<p><em>By </em><a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com"><em>Chrissy Sexton</em></a><em>, </em><a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"><em>Earth.com</em></a><em> Editor</em></p>



<p>Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.</p>

Detecting mercury contamination with the tap of a finger

[sendtonews key="LvS8v8bp9z-2564889-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from the...

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<p>Today’s <strong>Video of the Day</strong> from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Kainji Lake, a reservoir on the Niger River.</p>



<p>In 1968, Kainji Lake was created by the construction of the Kainji Dam. The Niger River, the third longest in Africa, enters the lake in the north.&nbsp;</p>



<p>According to <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/rivers-in-the-american-west-are-a-lifesaving-resource-for-birds/">ESA</a>, the creation of the lake submerged Foge Island and the town of Bussa and permanently flooded other riverine settlements, leaving around 50,000 people displaced.&nbsp;</p>



<p>Large parts of Foge Island are temporarily exposed during low water tides, and the land is often used by migrating fishermen. Kainji Dam is a dam across the Niger River in Niger State of Central Nigeria. </p>



<p>Wild mammals occur at relatively low densities due to illegal hunting. Lake Kainji has suffered a dramatic decline as a fishery due to the high numbers of artisanal and subsistence fisherfolk using the lake. It has been suggested that a period of closure, together with controlled fishing rights may help improve fish stocks.</p>



<p>Kainji Lake National Park is the oldest of its kind in Nigeria. The park contains three distinct areas: a part of the Kainji Lake, the Borgu Game Reserve to the west of the lake, and the Zugurma Game Reserve to the southeast. The park is home to around 65 mammal species, 350 bird species, and 30 species of reptiles and amphibians. </p>



<p><em>Video/ Image Credit: European Space Agency&nbsp;</em></p>



<p><em>-</em><em>--</em></p>



<p><em>By </em><a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com"><em>Chrissy Sexton</em></a><em>, </em><a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"><em>Earth.com</em></a><em> Editor</em></p>



<p>Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.</p>

Kainji Lake in north central Nigeria

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<p>Today’s <strong>Video of the Day</strong> from <a href="https://www.igb.illinois.edu/">Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology</a> reveals how scientists can modify common crops like soybean, rice, and wheat to protect them from heat stress.</p>



<p>“We need to double crop production by 2050 to feed a growing global population, and not only are we not on track to do that, but climate change is further complicating things,” said Amanda Cavanagh, a lecturer at the University of Essex. </p>



<p>The study is part of Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE), an international research project that aims to develop food crops that turn the sun’s energy into food more efficiently.</p>



<p>“Using an engineering approach we designed multiple alternative metabolic pathways to photorespiration. Testing them in the field showed increases in productivity which led Amanda to significantly move the project forward by showing our engineered plants can withstand pretty extreme temperature stress,” said study co-author and RIPE researcher Paul South.&nbsp;</p>



<p>“As the climate changes and temperature stresses increase the pressure on our global food supply, farmers will need every tool available including engineering approaches like the synthetic biology used here to maintain safe and productive harvests.”</p>



<p>The experts tested plants modified to have more efficient photorespiration to see if they were better adapted to warmer temperatures.&nbsp;</p>



<p>The team found that the engineered plants produced 26 percent more biomass than the wild-type plants exposed to the same temperatures, and had 15 percent less yield loss under the higher temperatures.</p>



<p><em>Video Credit: Amanda Nguyen/University of Illinois</em></p>



<p><em>-</em><em>--</em></p>



<p><em>By </em><a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com"><em>Chrissy Sexton</em></a><em>, </em><a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"><em>Earth.com</em></a><em> Editor</em></p>



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Designing crops that can beat the heat

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<p>Today’s <strong>Video of the Day</strong> from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> explores the ability of salt to transform the way that foods and beverages taste. Salt is known to cover up undesirable flavors, such as bitterness in coffee or beer, but how exactly does sodium chloride change the taste of other compounds?</p>



<p>One previous study showed that, not only does salt suppress bitterness, but also enhances sweetness and sourness. Another study revealed that bitterness reduction by salt seems to be happening at the tongue receptor level as well as in the brain.&nbsp;</p>



<p>While it is known that salt taste is mediated by the presence of sodium channels in the form of taste buds, experts believe that there is also an unknown receptor responsible for how we taste salt that has not yet been identified.&nbsp;</p>



<p><em>Video Credit: ACS Reactions</em></p>



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<p><em>By </em><a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com"><em>Chrissy Sexton</em></a><em>, </em><a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"><em>Earth.com</em></a><em> Editor</em></p>



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How does salt makes things taste better?

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<p>Today’s <strong>Video of the Day</strong> from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Santiago, the capital city of Chile. The city is located in the center of the Santiago Metropolitan Region, which has a population of about eight million people.&nbsp;</p>



<p>'The weather of Santiago resembles the Mediterranean climate with dry and warm summers with temperatures reaching up to 35°C (from October to March) and cool and humid winters that can drop to 0°C (from April to September)."</p>



<p>"The city lies in the centre of the country’s central valley around 80 km from the Pacific Ocean to the west and borders Argentina to the east. A tiny part of Argentina is visible in the top-right corner of the image where the mountain crest of the Andes Mountains acts as a divider between the two countries," says ESA.</p>



<p><em>Video/ Image Credit: ESA</em></p>



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<p><em>By </em><a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com"><em>Chrissy Sexton</em></a><em>, </em><a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/"><em>Earth.com</em></a><em> Editor</em></p>



<p>Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.</p>

Santiago, Chile in South America

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