Today's Image of the Day from the European Space Agency features the delta of the Ebro River on the northeast coast of Spain, captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ebro-river">Ebro River</h2>



“Stretching across 910 km of northern Spain, the Ebro River is the second-longest river in the Iberian Peninsula. In the image, it can be seen as a green line winding its way through the peninsula before flowing into the Mediterranean, shaping the Ebro Delta,” noted ESA.



“The Ebro River discharges more water into the sea than any other river in Spain. As suspended sediment flows from the river’s mouth, it tints the coastal waters with a turquoise hue.”



The Ebro Delta is one of the largest <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/wetland-methane-emissions-have-surged-at-high-latitudes/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">wetland areas</a> in the western Mediterranean region. The river's basin is the largest in Spain, covering about 85,000 square kilometers.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-historical-significance-nbsp-of-the-river">Historical significance&nbsp;of the river</h2>



Historically, the Ebro River has been significant in numerous battles, including the famous Battle of the Ebro during the Spanish Civil War, which was one of the war's longest and deadliest conflicts.&nbsp;



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-economic-significance-nbsp">Economic significance&nbsp;</h3>



Economically, the Ebro plays a crucial role in agriculture, particularly in regions like La Rioja and Navarre, which are known for their vineyards. Additionally, the river supports various industries and hydroelectric power generation.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ecological-significance">Ecological significance</h3>



The Ebro Delta is ecologically rich, providing habitat for diverse bird species. It is also an important area for rice cultivation in Spain. 



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ebro-delta-nature-reserve">Ebro Delta Nature Reserve</h3>



“Most of the delta comprises the Ebro Delta Nature Reserve. With its protected wetlands, beaches, marshes, salt pans and estuaries, this reserve provides a natural habitat for numerous migratory birds and waterfowl,” said <a href="https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Sets/Earth_from_Space_image_collection/(result_type)/images" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ESA</a>.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-environmental-challenges-nbsp">Environmental challenges&nbsp;</h3>



The river and its delta face environmental challenges such as pollution, water extraction for irrigation, and the impacts of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/climate-change-may-have-altered-river-flow-worldwide/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">climate change</a>, which threaten its ecosystem and the sustainability of its water resources.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-northeast-coast-of-spain">The northeast coast of Spain</h2>



The northeast coast of Spain is a vibrant and diverse region, characterized by its rich history, unique culture, and stunning landscapes. 



It includes the autonomous communities of Catalonia, which features the dynamic city of Barcelona, and part of the Valencian Community. This area is also part of what is known as the Costa Brava, which stretches from the town of Blanes up to the French border.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-geography">Geography</h3>



The <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/human-activity-impacts-97-percent-of-the-worlds-coastline/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">coastline</a> is renowned for its rugged beauty, with rocky cliffs, secluded coves, and small beaches. The interior regions feature mountains such as the Pyrenees, which offer skiing in winter and hiking in the summer.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cultural-heritage">Cultural heritage</h3>



The area has a strong cultural identity, particularly in Catalonia, where there is a significant movement for independence. The Catalan language is widely spoken alongside Spanish. The region is also known for its festivals, architecture (notably the works of Antoni Gaudí in Barcelona), and traditional dances like the Sardana.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cuisine">Cuisine</h3>



The cuisine is a delightful mix of fresh seafood from the Mediterranean, traditional Catalan dishes like "pa amb tomàquet" (bread with tomato), and rice dishes such as paella in the Valencian region. The area is also famous for its wines, including the sparkling wine Cava.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-tourism">Tourism</h3>



The northeast coast attracts millions of tourists each year due to its beautiful beaches, historical sites, and vibrant cities. Barcelona, in particular, is a major tourist destination with attractions like the Sagrada Familia, Park Güell, and the bustling La Rambla.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-economy">Economy</h3>



The economy of the northeast coast is one of the most dynamic in Spain, with Barcelona serving as a major hub for trade, education, entertainment, and technology.



Image Credit: ESA



-----



Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/eric-ralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.



-----

The Ebro River on the coast of Spain

Today's Image of the Day from the European Space Agency features the delta of the Ebro River on the northeast coast of Spain, captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission. Ebro River “Stretching across 910 km of northern Spain, the Ebro River is the second-longest river in the Iberian Peninsula. In the image, it can be seen as a green line winding its way through the peninsula before flowing into the Mediterranean, shaping the Ebro Delta,” noted ESA. “The Ebro River discharges more water...

Today's Image of the Day from the European Space Agency features Messier 82, a starburst galaxy located in the constellation Ursa Major. This galaxy is actively forming new stars at a rate ten times that of the Milky Way.



In a study using the <a href="https://webb.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">James Webb Space Telescope</a> (JWST), an international team of astronomers has taken an unprecedented look at Messier 82 (M82), revealing intricate details about its frenzied star formation.&nbsp;



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-power-of-nircam">The power of NIRCam</h2>



The study, led by Alberto Bolatto, utilized Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) to penetrate the thick dust and gas covering the galaxy's core, a region critical to understanding <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/baby-stars-release-sneezes-of-gas-and-dust-as-they-develop/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">star formation</a>.&nbsp;



"M82 has garnered a variety of observations over the years because it can be considered as the prototypical starburst galaxy," noted Bolatto. “With Webb’s size and resolution, we can look at this star-forming galaxy and see all of this beautiful new detail.”



Webb's NIRCam has proven crucial for observing areas like M82’s center, where layers of dust typically obscure the view in other wavelengths. The camera's ability to capture infrared light allows it to reveal the galaxy's core and its dynamic processes.&nbsp;



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-messier-82-image">Messier 82 image </h2>



“This image shows the power of Webb. Every single white dot in this image is either a star or a star cluster. We can start to distinguish all of these tiny point sources, which enables us to acquire an accurate count of all the star clusters in this galaxy,” noted study co-author Rebecca Levy from the University of Arizona.



One of the NIRCam's innovative features is its mode that prevents bright sources from overwhelming the detector, which was particularly useful in studying the intensely active center of Messier 82.&nbsp;



In the image, dark brown tendrils of dust weave through the galaxy's glowing white core, interspersed with small green specks that represent concentrated areas of iron from <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/supernova-explosions-could-damage-distant-planets/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">supernova</a> remnants. Red patches highlight regions where molecular hydrogen is illuminated by the radiation from nearby young stars.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-insights-into-galactic-winds">Insights into galactic winds</h2>



The study also focused on understanding how <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/spin-of-a-new-black-hole-is-unlocking-galactic-mysteries/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">galactic wind</a>, driven by the rapid rate of star formation and subsequent supernovae, influences M82’s environment. 



The NIRCam images showed clumpy streams of gas, appearing in red, which extend above and below the galaxy's plane, marking the path of this wind rushing out from the starburst's core.



A key revelation came from the NIRCam’s tracing of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), sooty chemical molecules that map out the structure of the galactic wind. To the surprise of researchers, the PAH emissions closely resembled the patterns of the hot, ionized gas, suggesting a more complex interaction within the wind than previously understood.&nbsp;



"It was unexpected to see the PAH emission resemble ionised gas," said Bolatto. "PAHs are not supposed to live very long when exposed to such a strong radiation field, so perhaps they are being replenished all the time. It challenges our theories and shows us that further investigation is required."



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-future-observations-of-messier-82">Future observations of Messier 82</h2>



The findings from Webb are just the beginning. The team plans to further analyze Messier 82 with additional data, including spectroscopic observations, to determine the ages of the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/galaxy-collisions-hubble-spots-a-string-of-pearls-star-cluster/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">star clusters</a> and the duration of each star formation phase within the starburst environment.&nbsp;



These observations will also assist in a broader understanding of similar processes in early <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/ceers-2112-ancient-galaxy-looks-strikingly-similar-to-ours/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">galaxies</a>, which were common in the young universe.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-broader-implications-of-the-study">Broader implications of the study</h2>



Study co-author Torsten Böker of the <a href="https://www.esa.int/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">European Space Agency</a> emphasized the broader implications of these findings.&nbsp;



“With these amazing Webb images, and our upcoming spectra, we can study how exactly the strong winds and shock fronts from young stars and supernovae can remove the very gas and dust from which new stars are forming,” explained Böker.&nbsp;



“A detailed understanding of this ‘feedback’ cycle is important for theories of how the early universe evolved, because compact starbursts such as the one in M82 were very common at high redshift.”



Image Credit: ESA/Webb, NASA &amp; CSA



-----



Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/eric-ralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.



-----

Messier 82: Unlocking the mysteries of star formation

Today's Image of the Day from the European Space Agency...

Today’s Image of the Day from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> features Mount St. Helens, where a devastating volcanic eruption killed 57 people and thousands of animals on May 18, 1980. The catastrophic eruption of Mount St. Helens caused a huge impact on the city.

The volcanic event, which was the most destructive in the history of the United States, caused the largest landslide ever recorded and triggered the eruption of highly-pressured molten lava and rock. A column of ash was shot 80,000 feet into the air and drifted across 12 states. Nearly 150 square miles of forest were either damaged or destroyed by the blast.

This image was captured on June 25, 2017 from the International Space Station.

Mount St. Helens (known as Lawetlat'la to the indigenous Cowlitz people, and Loowit or Louwala-Clough to the Klickitat) is an active stratovolcano located in Skamania County, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Portland, Oregon and 96 miles (154 km) south of Seattle, Washington. Mount St. Helens takes its English name from the British diplomat Lord St Helens, a friend of explorer George Vancouver who made a survey of the area in the late 18th century. The volcano is located in the Cascade Range and is part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, a segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire that includes over 160 active volcanoes. This volcano is well known for its ash explosions and pyroclastic flows. Also The catastrophic eruption of Mount St. Helens is also a well known eruption across the nation.

--

By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory

The catastrophic eruption of Mount St. Helens

Today’s Image of the Day from NASA Earth Observatory features...

Today's Image of the Day from the <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> shows the record-breaking number of wildfires that have ignited across Sweden.

By July 19, more than 40 fires were active and hundreds of people had been evacuated from their homes. Firefighting airplanes and helicopters from Italy and Norway are assisting in the effort to diminish the fires.

Sweden has experienced unusually high temperatures and low rainfall this month, which has contributed to the wildfire outbreak.


This image was captured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra satellite.

--

By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory

Historic wildfires are raging across Sweden

Today's Image of the Day from the NASA Earth Observatory...

Today's Image of the Day from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> shows smoke produced by raging fires across Russia that drifted nearly halfway around the world. Smoke from Russian fires moves over Alaska as shown in the image above.

Fires that broke out in the Sakha province generated a smoke plume that traveled over 5,000 miles in 11 days, carrying gases and small particles known as aerosols.

By July 14, the plume had weakened south of Greenland. The fires were primarily caused by thunderstorms and human activities.Smoke from Russian fires moves over Alaska


This image was captured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra satellite on July 7, 2018.

Alaska (/əˈlæskə/ (listen); Aleut: Alax̂sxax̂; Inupiaq: Alaasikaq; Alutiiq: Alas'kaaq; Tlingit: Anáaski; Russian: Аляска, romanized: Alyaska) is a U.S. state in the northwest extremity of the United States West Coast, just across the Bering Strait from Asia. The Canadian province of British Columbia and territory of Yukon border the state to the east and southeast. Its most extreme western part is Attu Island, and it has a maritime border with Russia (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug) to the west across the Bering Strait. To the north are the Chukchi and Beaufort seas—southern parts of the Arctic Ocean. The Pacific Ocean lies to the south and southwest. It is the largest U.S. state by area and the seventh largest subnational division in the world. In addition, it is the 3rd least populous and the most sparsely populated of the 50 United States; nevertheless, it is by far the most populous territory located mostly north of the 60th parallel in North America: its population—estimated at 738,432 by the United States Census Bureau in 2015—is more than quadruple the combined populations of Northern Canada and Greenland. Approximately half of Alaska's residents live within the Anchorage metropolitan area. Alaska's economy is dominated by the fishing, natural gas, and oil industries, resources which it has in abundance. United States armed forces bases and tourism are also a significant part of the economy.

--

By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory

Smoke from Russian fires moves over Alaska

Today's Image of the Day from NASA Earth Observatory shows...

Today's Image of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> (ESA) shows a massive iceberg moving toward the west coast of Greenland. Huge iceberg threatens coastal village in Greenland

According to the ESA, the ten-million-ton iceberg is breaking up as it approaches the small village of Innaarsuit. The calving could potentially cause large waves capable of wiping out parts of the village, and some residents have been evacuated as a precaution.

The image was captured by Sentinel-2A on July 9, 2018. Greenland (Greenlandic: Kalaallit Nunaat, pronounced [kalaːɬit nunaːt]; Danish: Grønland, pronounced) is the world's largest island,located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. It is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors migrated from Alaska through Northern Canada, gradually settling across the island by the 13th century. Also the Huge iceberg threatens coastal village in Greenland even more than ever.

--By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Video Credit: European Space Agency

Huge iceberg threatens coastal village in Greenland

Today's Image of the Day from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> shows how the water reservoirs of Cape Town, South Africa, have recovered after massive amounts of rainfall in the last few months. Water in Cape Town, South Africa, is on the rebound

Theewaterskloof, the city's largest reservoir, was 55 percent full in 2015 but dropped to 13 percent by January 2018 - as Cape Town braced itself to become the world's first city to turn off water.

Heavy rainfall in April of this year has filled the main reservoir back up to 40 percent. The city will continue to keep water restrictions in place until the reservoirs are 85 percent full. Water in Cape Town, South Africa, is on the rebound

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini (Swaziland); and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho. South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 24th-largest country in the world by land area and, with over 58 million people, is also the world's 24th-most populous nation. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere. About 80 percent of South Africans are of Bantu ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages, nine of which have official status.  The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of European, Asian (Indian), and multiracial (Coloured) ancestry.

--

By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory

Water in Cape Town, South Africa, is on the rebound

Massive Antarctic iceberg is moving at a slow pace Today’s Image of the Day from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> shows the movement of a massive iceberg that broke away from the Larsen C Ice Shelf on the Antarctic Peninsula last July. 

After the dramatic calving event, Iceberg A-68 broke into two distinct masses that are now moving at very different speeds. 

The image was captured by Joshua Stevens using Landsat data from the <a href="http://USGS">U.S. Geological Survey.</a>

Antarctica (/ænˈtɑːrtɪkə/ or /æntˈɑːrktɪkə/ (listen)) is Earth's southernmost continent. It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14,200,000 square kilometres (5,500,000 square miles), it is the fifth-largest continent and nearly twice the size of Australia. At 0.00008 people per square kilometre, it is by far the least densely populated continent. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km (1.2 mi; 6,200 ft) in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula. 

Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Most of Antarctica is a polar desert, with annual precipitation of 200 mm (7.9 in) along the coast and far less inland; there has been no rain there for almost 2 million years, yet 80% of the world freshwater reserves are stored there.The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) (or even −94.7 °C (−135.8 °F) as measured from space), though the average for the third quarter (the coldest part of the year) is −63 °C (−81 °F). Anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at research stations scattered across the continent. Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae, bacteria, fungi, plants, protista, and certain animals, such as mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades. Vegetation, where it occurs, is tundra.

By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton,</a> <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory

Massive Antarctic iceberg is moving at a slow pace

Massive Antarctic iceberg is moving at a slow pace Today’s...

Colorado's Spring Creek Fire is still raging Today's Image of the Day from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> shows the intensity of the Spring Creek Fire, the third-largest wildfire in Colorado history that was sparked by an illegal campfire on June 27.

The wildfire was around 83 percent contained on Thursday, but officials have estimated that it will not be completely contained until the end of July. At least 140 homes have been destroyed and the fire has spread over 107,967 acres of land. Colorado's Spring Creek Fire is still raging

This image was acquired on July 6 by the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on Landsat 8. Spring Creek is a 12.7-mile-long (20.4 km) tributary of the Cache La Poudre River in the state of Colorado in the United States.
Spring Creek begins north of Horsetooth Mountain within Horsetooth Mountain Park just west of Fort Collins, Colorado and flows into Horsetooth Reservoir. After leaving Horsetooth Reservoir out of Spring Canyon Dam, Spring Creek flows through central Fort Collins just south of Colorado State University.  For most of its passage through the city, it is paralleled by the city-maintained Spring Creek Trail. 


The Spring Creek Trail follows Spring Creek through several parks in mid Fort Collins. It currently extends from Spring Canyon park at the southern end of Overland Trail to the confluence of Spring Creek and the Poudre River where it joins the Poudre Trail. The Spring Creek Trail extends through a new underpass of Taft Hill Road. This highly popular trail continues to Spring Canyon Community Park and the Pineridge Natural Area. The Spring Creek Trail is 6.6 miles

--

By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory

Colorado's Spring Creek Fire is still raging

Colorado's Spring Creek Fire is still raging Today's Image of...

Today’s Image of the Day from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> shows the hail scars just north of Onida, South Dakota, after the region’s croplands were annihilated by hailstorms.

Back-to-back storms fired up on June 27 and left behind scars that extend for hundreds of miles across the border of South Dakota and Wyoming. The trail of devastation has a width of over 6 miles in some areas, which is even larger than that of a tornado.

According to NASA, hail reached up to four inches in diameter during the storms. The combination of large hail and strong winds clobbered soybean leaves and stripped corn stalks bare. 

This image, which is shown in both natural and false color, was captured using data from the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on Landsat 8.
--

By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer


Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory/ Joshua Stevens

Croplands devastated by hailstorms in South Dakota

Today’s Image of the Day from NASA Earth Observatory shows...

<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-update-october-10-2024-11-02-am-eastern-time">Update -- October 10, 2024, 11:02 AM Eastern Time</h2>



The anticipated coronal mass ejection (CME) arrived at Earth at 11:15am EDT at nearly 1.5 million miles per hour. Scientists as the Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) observed G4 (Severe) geomagnetic storming levels.



G4 (Severe) levels remain likely with the watch still in effect and even a slight chance of G5 (Extreme) levels due to initial observations of the CME strength. Updates will continue as conditions are met with Alerts issued accordingly.



This storm could impact ongoing recovery efforts for Hurricanes Helene and Milton in several critical ways:



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Communications: Systems that depend on low-Earth orbit satellites or High-Frequency communication may experience disruptions.</li>
</ul>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Power grids: The storm could put additional stress on power grids already weakened by the hurricanes.</li>
</ul>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>GPS services: Navigation systems, especially those relied upon in disaster relief, may be degraded.</li>
</ul>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>SWPC has already updated FEMA and several state agencies involved in recovery operations.</li>
</ul>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>When skies are clear, the aurora (Northern Lights) could be visible as far south as Alabama and northern California tonight.</li>
</ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-update-october-10-2024-7-02-am-eastern-time">Update -- October 10, 2024, 7:02 AM Eastern Time</h2>



This Thursday evening could be an unusual one for sky-watchers across the United States. Thanks to a powerful solar flare and a coronal mass ejection (CME) unleashed by the sun, the northern lights -- or aurora borealis -- might be visible far beyond their usual haunts. 



Space weather forecasters have <a href="https://link.mediaoutreach.meltwater.com/ls/click?upn=u001.rLWQltqwDexXafFwhTzwZCNTQfzdFLQYDmZmRsh8ODc94Fg9osEWh-2FdTel9prZ5oqnfmup7fCaTqYixQb7Nes5yGfOyqJMWsmrO-2Buki1lgA-3DjX0M_9MvQJkISvdBcSLqKwf8z-2BGH7c37aN4Jan8Obpg-2FTM1PQiuq6cP1l7rUd7qU5Dy0BCH9UcdDIuc8ZlOA4USqNDPhQbNzrZlrWSWr2sXRXo7x0EtVHMyvTgc7b-2BWWYlap10TWyUNDyK-2BOSWbkVcJxLWab3ClX6Q2XA3duY9zoL5f1c3h-2BQIlkCETazUUt4wYLGOY-2FMG13nKGCoxGlIV67YUWXPEyE0ZfeK6A1qaqWIjPDJvN9ZUHwSjy-2Bt6CYUZuxCuGmF-2F4g-2BJZJ4n-2FZ2FgzY9rSGTKw-2FUFf4HSiKSe51z3U-2BeHL6-2BZ3hdK8O9-2FcKAXd6fsvh-2BXJt3NwHGNEUYFyOC-2B8s59CvlTZRfSrmvrdyKnRs-2F7pD-2B19P5FpkNQ-2B-2B0ae7" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">issued a Severe (G4) Geomagnetic Storm Watch</a> for Thursday, October 10 into Friday, October 11, 2024. Geomagnetic storm conditions are likely to subside by Saturday, October 12.



According to the Space Weather Prediction Center (<a href="https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">SWPC</a>), this solar storm is expected to illuminate skies as far south as Alabama and Northern California.



This isn't your run-of-the-mill solar event, either. It’s <a href="https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">classified as a G4</a>, or severe solar storm, on a scale that tops out at G5. 



And with the storm's energetic particles racing toward Earth at a jaw-dropping speed of over 2.5 million miles per hour, this phenomenon is expected to reach our planet between early morning and noon Eastern Time on Thursday. If conditions are right, the auroras could last into Friday.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-behind-the-auroras">Behind the auroras</h2>



Auroras are the result of solar particles interacting with Earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere. When a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/strong-solar-storm-warning-issued-as-two-cmes-will-hit-earth-tomorrow/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">CME reaches Earth</a>, these particles get caught in our planet’s magnetic field, spiraling down toward the poles where they encounter atmospheric gases. 



The collisions produce bursts of colorful lights that paint the sky in hues of green, red, purple, and more.



Usually, you’d need to travel closer to the poles -- think Alaska or Canada -- to catch a glimpse of these magical lights. But during intense solar storms, these glowing curtains can sometimes reach latitudes much farther south. 



With the potential of this storm escalating to a G5, even more areas could witness the light show. The last time a G5 storm occurred in May, auroras were visible as far south as the southern United States.



A severe geomagnetic storm includes the potential for aurora to be seen as far south as Alabama and Northern California.&nbsp;



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-potential-solar-storm-impacts">Potential solar storm impacts</h2>



This type of solar activity can disrupt daily life in subtle but significant ways. A storm of this magnitude has the potential to interfere with radio signals, power grids, and satellites. 



The good news is that power companies, satellite operators, and airlines are usually prepared for these events, taking necessary precautions to mitigate any impacts.



That said, most people won’t notice much difference, aside from the potential communication delays or slight GPS interference. 



SWPC scientists are closely monitoring the situation, tracking the solar storm with satellite systems located about a million miles from Earth. 



While they can predict the storm's arrival, its exact impact will only be known when it reaches those monitoring satellites.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-catching-the-aurora-show">Catching the aurora show</h2>



While the exact regions where auroras might appear aren't set in stone, experts are optimistic about a good show across the central and eastern United States, particularly in lower Midwestern states. 



Plus, with nightfall coming earlier in autumn, sky-gazers have a better chance of seeing the auroras shortly after sunset. In areas free from city lights, dark skies could enhance the viewing experience.



If you’re hoping to catch a glimpse of this rare sight, make plans to head outside just after dark on Thursday evening. 



The farther you are from light pollution, the better your chances of seeing these ribbons of color light up the sky. And don’t forget your camera -- an aurora this far south doesn’t come around often!



Please visit&nbsp;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBh5-uB77ns" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBh5-uB77ns</a>&nbsp;to view today's recorded Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) webinar media briefing. This is a recording of the live briefing and the follow-up questions and answers.



-----



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-g4-severe-solar-storm-watch">G4 "Severe" solar storm watch</h2>



According to scientists at the NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center (<a href="https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">SWPC</a>) reveal that, on October 8, 2024, the Sun's surface witnessed a significant and fast-moving <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/strong-solar-storm-warning-issued-as-two-cmes-will-hit-earth-tomorrow/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">coronal mass ejection (CME)</a>. 



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://www.earth.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/coronal-mass-ejection_cme_severe-storm-alert_NASA_100924_1big.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.earth.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/coronal-mass-ejection_cme_severe-storm-alert_NASA_100924_1s.webp" alt="A fast coronal mass ejection (CME) erupted from the Sun the evening of October, 8, 2024, and is likely to arrive at Earth on October 10, 2024. Credit: NASA" class="wp-image-1946915"/></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A fast coronal mass ejection (CME) erupted from the Sun the evening of October, 8, 2024, and is likely to arrive at Earth on October 10, 2024. Credit: NASA</figcaption></figure>



Speeding between approximately <a href="https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/lasco-coronagraph/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">745 and 807 miles per second</a>, this CME is slated to reach Earth on October 10th.



A CME resembles an expansive bubble of gas filled with magnetic field lines, expelled from the Sun. This bubble, when it reaches us, could interact with Earth's magnetic field, possibly causing a geomagnetic storm.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-geomagnetic-solar-storms-the-basics">Geomagnetic solar storms: The basics</h2>



Geomagnetic storms are disturbances in Earth's magnetic atmosphere caused by solar wind and CMEs. They range from G1 (Minor) to G5 (Extreme) on a <a href="https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">classification scale</a>. 



The imminent CME has the power to initiate a G4 (Severe) geomagnetic storm upon landing.



What's noteworthy is the potential impact of a G4 storm on our lives.



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Voltage irregularities may occur in power systems, protective equipment might involuntarily shutdown key assets. </li>
</ul>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Satellite navigation and radio communications might suffer, particularly in higher latitudes. </li>
</ul>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Pipelines could fall prey to induced currents.</li>
</ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-solar-radiation-activity">Solar radiation activity</h2>



As we brace for the geomagnetic storm, a strong solar radiation storm, classified as S3, began on -- you guessed it -- October 9th. 



These kinds of storms happen when the Sun ejects a significant burst of energetic particles, primarily protons, hurtling towards Earth.



The ramification of an S3 radiation storm can include satellite operations being impacted and increased radiation levels for passengers and crew on high-altitude, polar flights. 



Airlines sometimes reroute flights to lower altitudes or more southerly routes to lessen exposure.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-dazzling-comet-joins-the-solar-circus">Dazzling comet joins the solar circus</h2>



Adding an element of spectacle to this celestial drama, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/most-anticipated-comet-of-2024-returns-this-weekend-after-80000-years/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Comet C/2023 A3</a>, also known as Tsuchinshan-ATLAS, is making its grand appearance. 



<figure class="wp-block-image aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://www.earth.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/coronal-mass-ejection_cme_severe-storm-alert_comet_LASCO_NASA_100924_1big.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img src="https://www.earth.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/coronal-mass-ejection_cme_severe-storm-alert_comet_LASCO_NASA_100924_1s.webp" alt="Comet C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan-ATLAS) came into view of the NASA/SOHO Coronagraph on October 7, 2024. The comet's appearance coincided with an X2.1 (R3-Strong) flare and a pair of coronal mass ejections (CME). The comet will continue to pass from the right to the top left of the Sun into October 10th before it moves out of view by October 11th. Credit: NASA" class="wp-image-1946917"/></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Comet C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan-ATLAS) came into view of the NASA/SOHO Coronagraph on October 7, 2024. The comet's appearance coincided with an X2.1 (R3-Strong) flare and a pair of coronal mass ejections (CME). The comet will continue to pass from the right to the top left of the Sun into October 10th before it moves out of view by October 11th. Credit: NASA</figcaption></figure>



This spectacle became visible to NASA's Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (<a href="https://soho.nascom.nasa.gov/">SOH</a><a href="https://soho.nascom.nasa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">O</a>) on October 7, 2024 and will stay on our radars until around October 11, 2024.



Interestingly, the comet's debut coincides with an X-class solar flare -- an X2.1 flare, to be precise -- and a couple of CMEs. 



You might imagine that the comet prompted these solar happenings, but it's simply cosmic choreography.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-impacts-you-can-see">Impacts you can see</h2>



One of the most tangible results of geomagnetic storms is auroras, the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/solar-storm-warning-x-class-solar-flare-auroras-expected-lower-us-this-weekend/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Northern and Southern Lights</a>. 



With a G4 storm, auroras might light up skies much further south than usual, maybe as far as Alabama and northern California.



If you're yearning for this natural light spectacle, it's best to find a dark spot free from city lights on the nights of October 10th and 11th. 



Keep tabs on local aurora forecasts and remember, the most splendid displays often occur in the late evening to early morning hours.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-staying-ahead-of-the-cosmic-curve">Staying ahead of the cosmic curve</h2>



While these space weather events are enthralling, they can also have tangible impacts. 



Power companies, airlines, and satellite operators are keeping a vigilant eye on the situation to mitigate any potential disruptions.



How can you join in?



Stay tuned to updates from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC). 



They offer real-time updates and forecasts about space weather events that might influence your day-to-day life.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-solar-storms-comets-and-skywatching">Solar storms, comets, and skywatching</h2>



Our Sun is showing us once again that it's an active and occasionally unpredictable acquaintance. 



Whether you're a casual skywatcher or just intrigued by how these events might influence your life, it's a splendid time to gaze upwards and appreciate the wonders of our cosmic neighborhood.



So, snuggle into a warm jacket, locate a cozy spot under the night sky, and maybe you'll be lucky enough to glimpse the auroras dancing above.



-----



Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.earth.com/author/eralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.



-----

NOAA Alert: "Severe" solar storm has impacted Earth

Update -- October 10, 2024, 11:02 AM Eastern Time The...

The sun has been particularly active lately, and a significant solar storm is now making its presence felt here on Earth. 



At 11:15 a.m. EDT, a coronal mass ejection (CME) traveling at nearly 1.5 million miles per hour hit our planet. 



The Space Weather Prediction Center (<a href="https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">SWPC</a>) reports that a G4-level "severe" geomagnetic storming was observed as of 11:12 AM Eastern Time.



But what does all this mean for us? Let's break it down.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-solar-storms-solar-flares-and-cmes">Solar storms, solar flares, and CMEs</h2>



First off, let's get a handle on what happened on the sun. <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/noaa-severe-solar-storm-expected-to-reach-earth-tomorrow-october-10-2024/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">On October 9</a>, two significant solar flares erupted from its surface. 



The first was an X1.8 flare from a sunspot labeled Region 3848, followed shortly by an X1.4 flare from Region 3842. 



Solar flares are sudden bursts of energy caused by the tangling, crossing, or reorganizing of magnetic field lines near sunspots. The "X" classification indicates these are among the most intense types of flares.



When these flares occur, they can release <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/strong-solar-storm-warning-issued-as-two-cmes-will-hit-earth-tomorrow/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">coronal mass ejections (CMEs)</a> -- huge bubbles of gas threaded with magnetic field lines that are ejected from the sun over the course of several hours. 



Think of it as the sun throwing a massive cloud of charged particles into space. One of these CMEs is now heading our way.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-potential-impact-of-solar-storm">Potential impact of solar storm</h2>



The CME that just arrived is interacting with <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthpedia-articles/earths-magnetic-field-origin-structure-and-impact-on-humanity/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Earth's magnetic field</a>, potentially triggering a geomagnetic storm. These storms are disturbances in Earth's magnetosphere caused by changes in the solar wind. 



The storm we're facing has been classified as a G4, but given the CME's strength, it could escalate to a G5. The scale goes from <a href="https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">G1 (Minor) to G5 (Extreme)</a>, so we're looking at a significant event.



So, why should we care? Geomagnetic storms can have real-world effects:



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Power Grids: They can induce currents in power lines, which may overload transformers and substations. This is especially concerning for areas already dealing with power issues. </li>



<li>Communication Systems: Satellite operations might be disrupted, affecting GPS navigation and communication networks. </li>



<li>Navigation: GPS systems could become less accurate, which is crucial for aviation, maritime activities, and even your smartphone's map app. </li>



<li>Radio Communications: High-frequency radio signals used by aircraft, ships, and even ham radio operators might experience interference.</li>
</ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-challenges-for-hurricane-recovery-efforts">Challenges for hurricane recovery efforts</h2>



The timing isn't great. Recovery operations for Hurricanes Helene and Milton are still underway. This solar storm could complicate those efforts in several ways:



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Communication Disruptions: Emergency services rely heavily on satellite and radio communications. Any interference could hamper coordination and response times. </li>



<li>Power Grid Strain: The affected regions are already dealing with power outages. Additional stress on the grid could slow down restoration efforts. </li>



<li>Navigation Difficulties: Relief teams using GPS for navigation might find their systems less reliable, potentially delaying aid delivery.</li>
</ul>



The Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) has already informed FEMA and state agencies involved in the recovery, so they're preparing for these potential hurdles.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-auroras-should-be-visible-in-lower-u-s">Auroras should be visible in lower U.S.</h2>



On the brighter side -- literally -- the geomagnetic storm could produce spectacular auroras far beyond their usual ranges. 



If the skies are clear, people as far south as Alabama and northern California might catch a glimpse of the Northern Lights tonight.



Auroras occur when charged particles from the sun interact with Earth's magnetic field, causing atoms in our atmosphere to emit light. 



These natural light displays are usually confined to polar regions, but strong geomagnetic activity can push them toward the equator.



If you're interested in trying to see this rare sight:



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Find a Dark Spot: Get away from city lights to improve your chances. </li>



<li>Look North: That's where the auroras will appear for those in the Northern Hemisphere. </li>



<li>Be Patient: Auroras can be fleeting, so give yourself plenty of time.</li>
</ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-stay-informed-and-prepared">Stay informed and prepared</h2>



While the idea of a solar storm might sound alarming, there's no need to panic. Organizations like the SWPC monitor space weather closely and provide updates as conditions change. 



Here are some steps you can take:



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Keep Devices Charged: In case of power fluctuations, it's a good idea to have your essential devices fully charged. </li>



<li>Follow Official Updates: Check reliable sources for the latest information. The SWPC website offers real-time updates on solar activity. </li>



<li>Limit Unnecessary Electrical Usage: Reducing the load on the power grid can help mitigate potential issues. </li>



<li>Backup Important Data: Just as a precaution, ensure your important files are backed up.</li>
</ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-bigger-picture-our-dynamic-sun">Bigger picture: Our dynamic Sun</h2>



Events like this serve as a reminder of the dynamic relationship between Earth and the Sun. 



While we've become accustomed to the sun as a constant in our lives, it's a star with its own cycles and behaviors that can have direct effects on our planet.



Scientists study solar activity not just to predict and mitigate these impacts but also to understand the fundamental processes at work in our solar system. 



Advancements in space weather forecasting have improved our ability to prepare for such events, reducing potential risks.



To sum it all up, life on Earth is deeply connected to the sun, and occasionally, it sends us more than just light and warmth. 



While a geomagnetic storm can pose challenges, especially for technology-dependent systems, it also offers a unique opportunity to witness one of nature's most beautiful phenomena -- the aurora.



So, keep an eye on the sky tonight, stay informed through Earth.com and the SWPC, and rest assured that experts are monitoring the situation closely.



-----



Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.earth.com/author/eralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.



-----

'Severe' solar storm just hit Earth, expect auroras in southern regions of the U.S.

The sun has been particularly active lately, and a significant...

Researchers at Virginia Tech have developed an adhesive inspired by octopus suckers, capable of quickly gripping and releasing challenging underwater objects. 



This breakthrough, detailed in the journal <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.202407588" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Advanced Science</a>, could potentially revolutionize underwater salvage, rescue operations, and even technological applications that require manipulating difficult objects in wet environments.



The development team, which was led by Professor Michael Bartlett, included undergraduate researchers Austin Via, Aldo Heredia, and Daniel Adjei, as well as first author Chanhong Lee.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-challenge-of-underwater-adhesive-nbsp">Challenge of underwater adhesive&nbsp;</h2>



The primary goal of the study was to overcome the longstanding challenge of creating an <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-do-mussels-make-underwater-glue/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">underwater adhesive</a> that can both hold onto objects securely and release them instantly - just as an octopus can.



“I am fascinated with how an octopus in one moment can hold something strongly, then release it instantly. It does this underwater, on objects that are rough, curved, and irregular - that is quite a feat,” Bartlett said.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-unique-anatomy-of-octopus-suckers">Unique anatomy of octopus suckers</h2>



To solve the challenge of gripping underwater, the team turned to the unique anatomy of an octopus’s sucker, particularly focusing on a structure called the infundibulum.&nbsp;



This outer section of the sucker allows the octopus to grasp and manipulate objects with incredible precision and strength.&nbsp;



By mimicking this structure, the researchers developed an adhesive featuring an elastic, curved stalk and an active, deformable membrane that changes shape to achieve adhesion across multiple surfaces.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-incredibly-efficient-adhesive">Incredibly efficient adhesive</h2>



The octopus-inspired adhesive significantly improves adaptability. Its curved stalk can attach to large-scale curvatures while its deformable membrane accommodates smaller surface irregularities.&nbsp;



This combination allows the adhesive to maintain a strong grip on objects that vary in texture, shape, and size.&nbsp;



The result is an adhesive that is 1,000 times stronger when activated compared to its easy-release state. 



Even more impressively, this switch between gripping and releasing occurs in about 30 milliseconds, making the adhesive incredibly efficient for rapid <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/robots-will-soon-be-able-to-use-air-to-move-objects/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">object manipulation</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-remarkable-precision-for-grip-and-release-nbsp">Remarkable precision for grip and release&nbsp;</h2>



The researchers demonstrated this adhesive’s capabilities across a range of surfaces and fluids. The tool provides a powerful way to grip and release slippery underwater objects, such as heavy rocks or soft, jelly-like beads, without the need for excessive force.&nbsp;



Divers using this technology could snatch up objects quickly and with precision, a significant advancement for underwater operations.



One key demonstration of the adhesive’s abilities involved constructing an underwater cairn - a carefully balanced pile of rocks. These rocks varied in size, shape, and roughness, and required careful manipulation to stack without tipping over.&nbsp;



The octopus-inspired adhesive allowed the researchers to grab and release the rocks with precision, mimicking how an octopus arranges objects in its environment.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-manipulating-difficult-objects-underwater-nbsp">Manipulating difficult objects underwater&nbsp;</h2>



“These types of manipulations are performed by an octopus as they arrange objects around their den,” said Lee. “This demonstration highlights the ability of the octopus-inspired adhesive to precisely manipulate difficult underwater objects.”



The adhesive also proved durable in long-term tests. It maintained consistent attachment strength over 100 cycles and was able to hold a rough, curved rock underwater for more than seven days, releasing it on demand.&nbsp;



This kind of performance is especially critical in salvage operations, where holding objects over extended periods is necessary before release.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-technology-inspired-by-octopus-suckers-nbsp">Technology inspired by octopus suckers&nbsp;</h2>



Bartlett and his team have previously developed the <a href="https://news.vt.edu/articles/2022/07/eng-bartlett-octaglove.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Octa-Glove</a>, an octopus-inspired glove equipped with LIDAR sensors that detect nearby objects and use a similar adhesive to capture and release them. 



Described in <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/sciadv.abq1905?adobe_mc=MCMID%3D90780648708216300104417575982572668868%7CMCORGID%3D242B6472541199F70A4C98A6%2540AdobeOrg%7CTS%3D1728551990" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Science Advances</a>, the Octa-Glove allows for strong, gentle bonding to objects without the need for excessive force, making it ideal for rescue divers, underwater archaeologists, and health care workers needing to manipulate wet or underwater objects.



The new research could make this technology even more versatile. “We hope to utilize our new adhesive design to further improve Octa-Glove,” Bartlett said. "Underwater environments present a long list of challenges, and this advance gets us over another hurdle." 



"We’re now closer than ever to replicating the incredible ability of an octopus to grip and manipulate objects with precision, opening up new possibilities for exploration and manipulation of wet or underwater environments.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-potential-applications-in-diverse-fields-nbsp">Potential applications in diverse fields&nbsp;</h2>



This new adhesive technology holds immense promise not only for underwater work but also for a variety of fields that require the manipulation of difficult-to-grip materials.&nbsp;



With its ability to quickly grip, hold, and release diverse objects - including those with smooth, rough, or curved surfaces - the octopus-inspired adhesive could be used in a variety of environments where traditional adhesives or mechanical grips fail.&nbsp;



It offers potential applications in fields as diverse as underwater exploration, salvage, medical technology, and robotics.



With the ability to grip objects securely without relying on excessive pressure, the technology may also reduce the risk of damaging delicate materials - a significant advantage in fields like archaeology, where the recovery of fragile artifacts is crucial.&nbsp;



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-future-of-octopus-inspired-adhesives-nbsp">The future of octopus-inspired adhesives&nbsp;</h2>



The team’s future plans include scaling up their experimental circuits and embedding them in larger, more complex <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/robots-with-space-to-think-will-become-more-useful/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">robots</a> that can operate in challenging conditions, such as monitoring power plants or exploring underwater environments.



By mimicking nature’s design of octopus suckers, Bartlett’s team has taken another step toward creating more dexterous, adaptive, and powerful robots. 



As technology advances, the potential for these octopus-inspired adhesives to transform how we interact with the underwater world and beyond is increasingly clear.



The research was supported by the <a href="https://www.nsf.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National Science Foundation</a> through its Designing Materials to Revolutionize and Engineer our Future program. 



-----



Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/eric-ralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.



-----

Octopus suckers: The future of underwater adhesives

Researchers at Virginia Tech have developed an adhesive inspired by...

While rainforests or coral reefs are generally considered biodiversity hotspots, a team of microbiologists led by Northwestern University has recently found the latest such hotspot in a most unexpected place: our bathrooms.&nbsp;



The experts were stunned to discover that bathrooms, particularly showerheads and toothbrushes, are teeming with a highly diverse array of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/viruses-have-eyes-and-ears-on-their-hosts/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">viruses</a> - most of which were unknown to science.&nbsp;



While this may sound ominous, there is no reason to panic. The researchers report that rather than targeting humans, these viruses target bacteria.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-unknown-viruses-in-the-bathroom">Unknown viruses in the bathroom</h2>



The viruses collected and analyzed in the study are <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/bacteriophages-use-selfish-genetic-elements-as-weapons/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">bacteriophages</a>, or “phages,” a type of virus that infects bacteria. Although scientists don’t know much about them, phages have recently been found to have a potential use in treating <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/scientists-create-viruses-to-combat-antibiotic-resistant-bacteria/%C3%B9" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections</a>.&nbsp;



Thus, the previously unknown viruses lurking in our bathrooms could offer a treasure trove of materials for exploring such medical applications.



“The number of viruses that we found is absolutely wild,” said lead author Erica M. Hartmann, a microbiologist at <a href="https://www.northwestern.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Northwestern</a>. “We found many viruses that we know very little about and many others that we have never seen before.”



“It’s amazing how much untapped biodiversity is all around us. And you don’t even have to go far to find it; it’s right under our noses.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-operation-pottymouth-nbsp">Operation Pottymouth&nbsp;</h2>



The new study is based on previous research, in which Hartmann and her colleagues at the University of Colorado at Boulder constructed a typology of bacteria living on toothbrushes and showerheads.&nbsp;



For these previous studies, the experts asked people to send used toothbrushes and swabs with samples collected from their showerheads.



Inspired by long-standing concerns that toilet flushing might generate clouds of aerosol particles, Hartmann called the toothbrush investigations “Operation Pottymouth.”



“This project started as a curiosity,” Hartmann explained. “We wanted to know what microbes are living in our homes.”



“If you think about indoor environments, surfaces like tables and walls are really difficult for <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/microbes-have-a-surprising-impact-on-climate-change/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">microbes</a> to live on. Microbes prefer environments with water. And where is there water? Inside our showerheads and on our toothbrushes.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-hundreds-of-viruses-in-bathroom-samples">Hundreds of viruses in bathroom samples</h2>



After characterizing bacteria found on toothbrushes and showerheads, Hartmann and her team employed DNA sequencing to also examine the viruses residing on these objects.&nbsp;



What they found turned out to be mind blowing: there were over 600 different viruses in these samples.



“We saw basically no overlap in virus types between showerheads and toothbrushes,” Hartmann said.&nbsp;



“We also saw very little overlap between any two samples at all. Each showerhead and each toothbrush is like its own little island. It just underscores the incredible diversity of viruses out there.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-exploring-the-functions-of-the-viruses">Exploring the functions of the viruses </h2>



Although they found few patterns among the samples, the scientists did notice more mycobacteriophages than other types of phages.&nbsp;



These viruses infect mycobacteria, a highly pathogenic species which causes diseases like chronic lung infections, tuberculosis or even leprosy. According to Hartmann, one day scientists could use such viruses to fight against these bacteria.&nbsp;



“We could envision taking these mycobacteriophages and using them as a way to clean pathogens out of your plumbing system,” she explained. “We want to look at all the functions these viruses might have and figure out how we can use them.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-are-the-health-risks">What are the health risks?</h2>



Fortunately, this invisible wildlife living within our bathrooms does not appear to pose significant health risks to humans. 



However, the researchers advise people to soak their showerheads in vinegar to remove calcium buildup or just wash them with soap and water. 



The experts also suggest that people should regularly replace toothbrush heads. The use of antimicrobial toothbrushes is not advised, since they can contribute to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.



“Microbes are everywhere, and the vast majority of them will not make us sick. The more you attack them with disinfectants, the more they are likely to develop resistance or become more difficult to treat. We should all just embrace them,” concluded Hartmann.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiomes/articles/10.3389/frmbi.2024.1396560/full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Frontiers in Microbiomes</a>.



-----



Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/eric-ralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.



-----

Hundreds of viruses found hiding in bathrooms

While rainforests or coral reefs are generally considered biodiversity hotspots,...

Endangered species in Australia’s waters are facing imminent peril. From coral reefs bleaching and marine habitats deteriorating to dwindling fish populations, the state of our oceans is worsening at an alarming rate.



Yet, despite these dire conditions, some of Australia’s most endangered fish species are legally exported, exposing critical flaws and loopholes in existing environmental protections.



New research raises serious concerns about the effectiveness of current laws in safeguarding the future of endangered fish, particularly those that continue to be exported.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-exposing-the-legal-loophole">Exposing the legal loophole</h2>



A team of researchers from the <a href="https://uq.edu.au/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Queensland</a> has identified four threatened species - the orange roughy, blue warehou, school shark, and southern bluefin tuna - that are still finding their way into international markets.



This is despite that fact that these species are listed under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act, legislation the was designed to protect threatened species. 



"Since the inception of the Act, 10 percent of all Australian seafood exports, or 107 kilotons, have been of these four listed threatened species," said study lead author Rosa Mar Dominguez-Martinez.



"You might naively believe that there are plenty more fish in the sea, but these species, are in real danger."



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-endangered-fish-being-exported">Endangered fish being exported</h2>



In fact, Australia's Threatened Species Scientific Committee, the expert group responsible for providing listing advice and recovery strategies, found that all of these species were eligible for listing in higher threat categories. 



But how did these endangered species end up being sold internationally? The researchers identified a loophole within the legislation that allows this to happen.



The EPBC Act includes a category unique to Australia, known as "Conservation Dependent," which applies only to marine fish species. Eight species are listed under this category, and all are caught in commercial fisheries.



"When a species is listed as threatened under the EPBC Act, conservation advice and in some cases a recovery plan, are developed to assist its recovery," noted the researchers. "However, Conservation Dependent species are not eligible for recovery plans, and currently none have conservation advice."



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-protection-for-commercial-fish-species">Protection for commercial fish species</h2>



The status of these species, except for the southern bluefin tuna, has not improved. They either remain overfished or are unassessed in Australia.



"While the EPBC Act is under federal review, we're calling for Australia's new legislation to treat commercially harvested threatened species the same as other threatened species," said Dominguez-Martinez.



Their current classification exempts the species from the stricter regulations that would apply if they were listed under standard threat categories such as Vulnerable, Endangered, or Critically Endangered.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-regular-reviews-for-threatened-species">Regular reviews for threatened species</h2>



Study senior author Professor Carissa Klein recommends two significant changes that could be made to better protect Australia’s threatened marine species.



"Australia’s new environmental protection legislation must mandate regular review of the conservation status of all threatened species," said Professor Klein.



If more regular reviews were conducted, species like the southern bluefin tuna would be de-listed from the EPBC Act more swiftly.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-threatened-species-legislation">Threatened species legislation </h2>



Professor Klein also suggests that species acknowledged as threatened under international listings, such as the IUCN Red List or global conventions, should be assessed in Australia’s new threatened species legislation. 



According to Professor Klein, these recommendations are nonnegotiable to prevent further extinctions in Australian waters.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-environmental-law-reform">Environmental law reform </h2>



As the call for environmental law reform amplifies, we are reminded that protecting our marine biodiversity is not merely a moral obligation but also an economic necessity.



Preserving endangered species goes beyond saving individual creatures - it's about protecting entire ecosystems.



Each species contributes to the delicate balance of marine environments, which are vital for biodiversity, climate regulation, and the resources people rely on. 



When species like the orange roughy or southern bluefin tuna dwindle in numbers, the impact ripples through the ocean, affecting other marine life and even human livelihoods.



Ensuring the survival of these species is essential to keeping our oceans healthy. By closing legal loopholes and bolstering environmental protections, we can help secure vibrant, diverse seas for future generations.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s44183-024-00085-3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">npj Ocean Sustainability</a>.



-----



Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.&nbsp;



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.earth.com/author/eralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.



-----

How are endangered fish being legally exported?

Endangered species in Australia’s waters are facing imminent peril. From...

<div class="wp-block-sendtonews-playerselector">[sendtonews key="0ynNMYkMKa-2340414-12187" type="single"]</div>



Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Nushagak Bay, a large estuary in southwest Alaska. Nushagak runs mainly north to south and exits in Bristol Bay, a large body of water in the Bering Sea.



"The bay is primarily fed by the Nushagak River, which begins in the Alaska Range and flows southwest approximately 450 km. The bay is also fed by several additional rivers including the Wood, Igushik, Snake and Weary rivers," says ESA.



"The dark colors of the Nushagak River are most likely due to tannins or lignins (chemical substances found in plants). Tannins and lignins from roots, leaves, seeds, bark and soil can leach into the water and give it a brown or even black colour. The sediments then flow southwards where it is mixed with the bluer waters of the bay."



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



---



By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Nushagak Bay in southwest Alaska

[sendtonews key="0ynNMYkMKa-2340414-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

<div class="wp-block-sendtonews-playerselector">[sendtonews key="G9bUoxcjr4-2511624-12187" type="single"]</div>



Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> (ACS) reveals that proteins on flu viruses are actually flexible, tilting and waving in a “breath-like” motion. According to the experts, these proteins could be used to better defend against the flu.



"The main antigenic targets of influenza virus are two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Whereas the structural and dynamical properties of both glycoproteins have been studied previously, the understanding of their plasticity in the whole-virion context is fragmented," wrote the researchers.



To investigate, the team conducted detailed simulations of the influenza A H1N1 virion, or the swine flu. The experts concluded that the visualizations show many new vulnerable states of flu viruses, which could improve future vaccines and antiviral drugs.



Video/ Image Credit: American Chemical Society&nbsp;



---



By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Flu viruses are more flexible than expected

[sendtonews key="G9bUoxcjr4-2511624-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from the...

<div class="wp-block-sendtonews-playerselector">[sendtonews key="3upvlAaHgO-2256633-12187" type="single"]</div>



Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Lake Trasimeno, which is located west of Perugia in central Italy. It is the fourth largest lake in the country. While Trasimeno’s water level varies, it has a maximum depth of approximately six meters.&nbsp;



"In this Copernicus Sentinel-2 image, captured on 6 August 2022, the lake’s emerald green colour is likely due to the presence of phytoplankton. Streaks in the water, particularly visible in the west, indicate the presence of soil and sediments which have been stirred up by winds. Dark colored waters in the southern part of the lake indicate a presence of submerged and floating macrophytes (aquatic plants) as well as algae," says ESA.



"Surrounded by hills on three sides, Trasimeno is subject to heavy storms created by winds, especially from the north and west. There are three islets in the lake: Maggiore, Minore and Polvese (the largest). The lake’s shores are sparsely inhabited with only two popular villages: Castiglione del Lago and Passignano sul Trasimeno."



"Italy is experiencing its worst drought in 70 years which has affected drinking water supplies, hydroelectric power and agricultural production. High temperatures, hot winds and lack of rainfall are the main causes of drought in the Umbrian region which saw Lake Trasimeno’s drop 1.3 m, reaching the limit of the hydrometric zero in July 2022."



Video/Image Credit: ESA&nbsp;



---



By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Lake Trasimeno in Central Italy

[sendtonews key="3upvlAaHgO-2256633-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...